2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第1期

2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题He left the house _ unaware that he was still wearing his pajamas.问题1选项A.assiduouslyB.blithelyC.perfunctorilyD.domestically【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A项assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B项blithely“快活地，无忧无虑地”，C项perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D项domestically“国内地，家庭式地，适合国内地”。由句子意思“他离开了家_没有意识到他还穿着睡衣”可知，空格处应该填入副词修饰unaware，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：他若无其事地离开了家，没有意识到他还穿着睡衣。因此，该题选择C项正确。2. 单选题People may get verses wrong, but they also mangle plenty of well-known biblical stories as well.问题1选项A.spoilB.imitateC.formulateD.violate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spoil“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；B选项imitate“模仿；仿造”；C选项formulate“规划；用公式表示；明确地表达”；D选项violate“违反；侵犯”。句意：人们可能会读错经文，但他们也会许多著名的圣经故事。由关键信息get verses wrong“读错经文”只是常见问题，后一句会加深问题的严重性。因此可以排除B，C选项。D选项一般是指违反规则，这里的承受对象是biblical stories“圣经故事”，不能适用。因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题Very young children with no reading experience may astound their parents with the first words they read, such as a department store sign announcing Big Sale.问题1选项A.amazeB.pleaseC.conveyD.bother【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。astound表示“使惊骇，使震惊”；A项amaze“使吃惊”，B项please“使喜欢，使高兴，使满意”，C项convey“传达，运输，让与”，D项bother“烦扰，打扰，使不安”。句意：没有阅读经验的幼儿第一次读到的单词可能会让他们的父母感到震惊，比如百货商店的招牌上写着“大减价”。因此，根据句意可知A选项正确。4. 单选题During our exploration, we discovered that people will exploit the newness and breadth of the Information Marketplace to support their wishes and _.问题1选项A.breachesB.premisesC.rutsD.predilections【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A项breach“违背，违反，缺口”，B项premise“前提，假定”，C项rut“发情期，惯例，性冲动”，D项predilection“偏爱，嗜好”。根据句子可知空格处填入的词和wishes“愿望”并列，那么四个选项中只有predilection符合语境。句意：在我们的探索过程中，我们发现人们会利用信息市场的新颖性和广度来支持他们的愿望和偏好。因此，该题选择D项正确。5. 单选题“This suggests the possibility that a treatment like this could be tested to see if it could delay the onset of Alzheimers disease,” said Prof. Holtzman.问题1选项A.spreadB.declineC.startD.increase【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项spread“传播；伸展”；B选项decline“下降；衰退”；C选项start“开始；起点”；D选项increase“增加；增长”。句意：霍尔茨曼教授说：“这表明，有可能对这种治疗方法进行测试，看看它能否延缓阿尔茨海默氏症的。”由关键信息treatment“治疗”和病症Alzheimers disease“老年痴呆症疾病”，其治疗目的是为了delay“延迟”。老年痴呆症是每个人会遇到的问题，无法避免，只能看是否通过治疗延缓其开始的时间。因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the pastand how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 yearsduring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared- is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged _.2. Scientists believe that human evolution _.3. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that _.4. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that _.问题1选项A.to give up his former way of lifeB.to leave the coastal areasC.to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD.to abandon his original settlement问题2选项A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB.has exerted little influence on climatic changesC.has largely been effected by climatic changesD.has had a major impact on climatic changes27. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that _.问题3选项A.human activities have accelerated changes of Earths environmentB.Earths environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC.Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD.Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future28. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that _.问题4选项A.human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD.human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“农业作为一种生存策略出现是因为人类被迫”。根据第一段最后两句After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming.（在把周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝的边缘后，人们被迫放弃原有的生活方式，转而采取一种全新的生存策略，这导致了大范围的饥饿和疾病；这种适应就是农业。）可知，A项“放弃他以前的生活方式”正确；B项“离开沿海地区”、C项“跟随不断变化的植被”和D项“放弃他原来的居住地”都属于导致人类被迫放弃原有生活方式的原因。因此，该题选择A项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科学家认为人类进化”。由第三段第一句Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species.（最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化已经对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响）可知，科学家认为人类进化受到了气候变化的重大影响，C项“很大程度上受到了气候变化的影响”正确；由此也可知，A项“很少伴有气候变化”错误；B项“对气候变化影响不大”和D项“对气候变化有重大影响”文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“过去气候变化的证据表明”。根据文章最后一段In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.（事实上，过去的气候变化模式表明，即使没有人类活动的影响，地球的气候几乎肯定会在未来经历剧烈的变化）可知，C项“地球的气候在未来必然会发生显著变化”正确；A项“人类活动加速了地球环境的变化”、B项“尽管有人类的干扰，地球的环境仍将保持温和”和D项“地球的气候在未来不太可能发生重大变化”都与原文内容不符合。因此，该题选择C项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者希望在文章中传达的信息是”。通读全文可知，文章在第一段就阐述了气候的变化导致人类放弃原有的生活方式而进行迁徙，寻求新的生存策略，接下来两段就气候的变化是如何改变人类生存和进化进行的阐述，最后一段总结根据过去的气候变化模式，即使没有人类的活动影响，地球的气候依然会经历剧烈变化，所以文章传达的信息是人类在面对气候的变化时，是无能为力的，故B项“面对气候的急剧变化，人类实际上是无能为力的”正确；A项“尽管受到气候变化的影响，人类文明依然辉煌”和D项“尽管自然发生了变化，人类文明还是会继续发展的”没有提到；C项“人类必须限制自己的活动，以减缓全球变暖的进程”与文意相反。因此，该题选择B项正确。7. 单选题Mountain climbing, like other sports, requires skill, stamina, teamwork, and the knowledge and experience to handle specialized equipment.问题1选项A.intelligenceB.guidanceC.enduranceD.caution【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。stamina表示“耐力，持久力，毅力”；A项intelligence“智力，情报工作，情报机关”，B项guidance“指导，引导，领导”，C项endurance“忍耐力，耐久性”，D项caution“小心，谨慎，警告”。句意：爬山和其他运动一样，需要技巧、耐力、团队合作以及处理专门设备的知识和经验。因此，根据句意可知C选项正确。8. 单选题The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.问题1选项A.vanishedB.scatteredC.disregardedD.abandoned【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项vanish“消失，突然不见，成为零”，B项scatter“撒播，散开，散布”，C项disregard“忽视，无视，不尊重”，D项abandon“遗弃，离开，放弃”。根据句子可知，空格部分是动词的过去分词做宾语补足语，与The lost car“丢失的汽车”形成被动关系，四个选项中只有abandon符合语境。句意：Lee的那辆丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在高速公路旁的树林里。因此，该题选择D项正确。9. 单选题The training of human intelligence must include the simultaneous development of the empathetic capacity.问题1选项A.simulatedB.coincidentC.instantaneousD.similar【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。simultaneous表示“同时的，联立的，同时发生的”；A项simulated“模拟的，模仿的，仿造的”，B项coincident“一致的，符合的，同时发生的”，C项instantaneous“瞬间的，即时的，猝发的”，D项similar“相似的”。句意：人类智力的训练必须包括移情能力的同时发展。根据句意可知，B项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择B项正确。10. 单选题Tom and Rachel Leihbacheis friends have always been instrumental in their lives.问题1选项A.approachableB.thoughtfulC.functionalD.helpful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。instrumental表示“乐器的，有帮助的，仪器的”；A项approachable“亲切友善的，易理解的，可接近的”，B项thoughtful“深思的，体贴的，关切的”，C项functional“功能的”，D项helpful“有帮助的，有益的”。句意：汤姆和雷切尔雷巴赫的朋友在他们的生活中一直很有帮助。根据句意可知，instrumental在句中表示“有帮助的”，D项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择D项正确。11. 单选题The more skilful you are, the more yon tend to cut corners which, if unchecked for long periods, will _ into bad habits.问题1选项A.splitB.sneakC.deludeD.degenerate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项split“分离，使分离，劈开”，B项sneak“溜，鬼鬼祟祟做事，向老师打小报告”，C项delude“欺骗，哄骗，诱惑”，D项degenerate“使退化，恶化，堕落”。由The more skilful you are, the more yon tend to cut corners“你的技术越熟练，你就越容易走捷径”可知，空格处填入“养成、变成”符合语境，而degenerate into表示“退化为”，意思与之相近。句意：你的技术越熟练，你就越容易走捷径，如果长期不加以控制，就会退化为坏习惯。因此，该题选择D项正确。12. 单选题Since private shareholders cannot be expected to _ the wider goals of society as a whole, public ownership may then be inevitable.问题1选项A.intensifyB.undermineC.ripD.subsidize【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项intensify“增强，强化，变激烈”，B项undermine“破坏，渐渐破坏，挖掘地基”，C项rip“撕，锯”，D项subsidize“资助，给予奖助金”。由private shareholders“私人股东”和the wider goals of society“更广泛的社会目标”可知，四个选项中只有A项符合语境。句意：既然不能指望私人股东强化整个社会的更广泛目标，那么公有制可能就不可避免了。因此，该题选择A项正确。13. 单选题Im too ignorant about such matters; I am not qualified to comment, but it seems to me somebody who has studied at a prestigious university abroad couldnt be as bad as you say.问题1选项A.profoundB.civilizedC.well-knownD.conventional【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项profound“深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的”；B选项civilized“文明的；有礼貌的”；C选项well-known“著名的；众所周知的”；D选项conventional“传统的；惯例的”。句意：我对这类事情太无知了，所以我没有资格评论，但在我看来，一个在国外大学学习过的人不可能像你说的那么差。由后面的名词university“大学”，可排除A，B选项，因为它们常用来形容人，而非事物。由后面的信息couldnt be as bad as you say“不能如你说的那样糟糕”，由此可知在他眼里那个人至少应该是优秀的，大多情况下优秀的人会考上声望很高的大学。因此C选项符合题意。14. 单选题The idea that hard work was to be _ distinguished Americans from Europeans who admired their gentlemen of leisure.问题1选项A.inversedB.esteemedC.exclaimedD.hoarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项inverse“使倒转，使颠倒”，B项esteem“尊敬，尊重”，C项exclaim“呼喊，惊叫，大声叫嚷”，D项hoard“贮藏（钱财或贵重物品），（在某物匮乏时）积敛”。由Europeans who admired their gentlemen of leisure“欧洲人羡慕美国悠闲的绅士”可推理，美国人悠闲，而欧洲人重视努力工作。句意：努力工作是受人尊敬的观念使美国人和欧洲人区别开来，欧洲人羡慕他们悠闲的绅士。因此，该题选择B项正确。15. 单选题Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened.问题1选项A.stop overB.take overC.trip overD.slide over【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项stop over“中途停留；暂留”；B选项take over“接管；接收”；C选项trip over“被绊倒”；D选项slide over“略过；回避”。句意：人们偶尔会在真理面前，但大多数人会爬起来就匆匆离去，好像什么事也没有发生过。根据后面的关键信息pick themselves up“自己爬起来”，一般人们会在摔倒后自己爬起来。因此C选项符合题意。16. 单选题Clothes play a critical role in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearers background, personality, status, mood and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we use them to manipulate peoples impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfit, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothes we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” groomingshorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she wont get a job.”1. According to the second paragraph, an elderly middle-class man and an unconventionally dressed young man may be unable to _.2. The author uses the newscasters example to illustrate the idea that _.3. Mens professional clothing can best be described as “_”.4. What can women do with their professional clothing according to the passage?5. What is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.understand each others lifestyleB.share the same background or interestsC.manipulate their impression on each otherD.enter the initial phase of a potential interaction问题2选项A.certain clothing gives people more confidenceB.clothes have nothing to do with ones abilitiesC.we tend to stereotype people by their clothesD.competent people are dressed conventionally问题3选项A.conventionalB.individualisticC.out-of-dateD.undiversified问题4选项A.They must be dressed conservatively.B.They dont have an explicit dressing style to follow.C.They choose either masculine or feminine clothing.D.They cant wear unconventional outfit.5. What is the best title for the passage?问题5选项A.Dressing and the Effect.B.Dressing and Personality.C.Dressing Up Appropriately.D.Dressing and Management.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第二段，一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人和一个穿着非常不合常规的年轻人可能无法”。第二段提到Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we use them to manipulate peoples impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur.（因为衣服是社会信息的一个重要来源，我们用它们来操纵人们对我们的印象。我们的外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义。），接着就提到了不管一个人的教育、背景或兴趣，一个上了年纪的中产阶级男人或女人可能会被一个穿着不合常规的年轻人疏远；由此可知，造成这种现象的原因就是外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义，如果穿着风格大相径庭，那么他们就无法进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段，因此，D项“进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段”正确；A项“理解彼此的生活方式”没有提到；B项“有相同的背景或兴趣”，这个不是造成这种现象的结果；C项“操纵他们对彼此的印象”，文中提到的是人们用衣服来操纵他们对彼此的印象，该项不符合题干。因此，该题选择D项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者用新闻广播员的例子来说明”。第三段第一句提到People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean.（人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致），这是该段的中心句，接着后面举了青春期女孩、新闻广播员和大学生的例子来支持这一观点，所以C项“我们倾向于对人的衣着有成见”符合题意；A项“某些衣服能给人更多的自信”只是其中一个例子；B项“衣服与一个人的能力无关”，该段表达的中心意思是合适的衣服会显得一个人有能力的样子，所以该项不正确；D项“有能力的人穿着传统”顺序翻倒，穿着传统的人会令人看起来能干，该项也不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“男士职业装的最佳描述是”。第四段提到In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving successThe variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men.（在职场中，男性长期以来都有明确的成功先例和榜样对服饰的选择方面，女性的选择远远多于男性），由此可以推理，男性的职业装应该是模式化，变化少，所以A项“传统”最符合这个描述；B项“个人主义”和C项“过时”不准确；D项“千篇一律”为干扰项，虽然男性的服装变化少，但不代表没变化。因此，该题选择A项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，女性可以如何处理她们的职业装？”。第四段第二句指出A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing.（商界的许多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装传达什么样的“男性化”和“女性化”特质），后文举例男性管理者倾向于选择穿着不那么“女性化”的女性担任管理岗位，而一位外表吸引人的女性会获得更长的面试时间但不会获得工作；由此可以判断，女性在职业装方面并没有明确的风格可以去遵循，B项“他们没有明确的着装风格可循”符合题意；A项“他们必须穿着保守”太绝对；C项“他们选择男性或女性的服装”表述不准确；D项“他们不能穿非传统的服装”没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么？”。文章开头讲述的是着装能够给人提供很多的信息，接着就着装的不同影响展开了论述和举例，因此A项“着装和影响”最符合文章的主旨；B项“着装和个性”、C项“适当的打扮”和D项“着装和管理”都比较片面。因此，该题选择A项正确。17. 单选题In his speech, the president emphasized that the challenge to mans future can never be met by making _ adjustments here and there.问题1选项A.adventurousB.assiduousC.marginalD.moderate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项adventurous“爱冒险的，大胆的，充满危险的”，B项assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”，C项marginal“微不足道的，不重要的，边缘的”，D项moderate“稳健的，温和的，适度的”。根据句子意思“在他的演讲中，总统强调，人类未来的挑战永远不能通过到处的调整来应对”可知，四个选项中只有marginal符合语境。句意：总统在演讲中强调，人类未来所面临的挑战不可能通过到处的微小调整来应对。因此，该题选择C项正确。18. 单选题In the IT industry, some think of Bill Gates as a monster while others _ him as a living god.问题1选项A.extricateB.disparageC.emulateD.revere【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项extricate“使解脱，解救”，B项disparage“贬低，抨击，诋毁”，C项emulate“仿真，模仿，尽力赶上”，D项revere“敬畏，尊敬，崇敬”。由while“然而”和as a monster“一个怪物”以及as a living god“活着的神”可知，前后语义是相反的，那么空格处填入“尊敬”符合句意。句意：在IT行业，一些人认为比尔盖茨是一个怪物，而另一些人则把他尊为活着的神。因此，该题选择D项正确。19. 单选题Plato had an essentially antagonistic view of art and the artist, although he approved of certain religious and moralistic kinds of art.问题1选项A.ethicalB.responsiveC.feasibleD.hostile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。antagonistic表示“敌对的，对抗性的”；A项ethical“伦理的，道德的”，B项responsive“响应的，应答的”，C项feasible“可行的，可能的，可实行的”，D项hostile“敌对的，敌方的，怀敌意的”。句意：尽管柏拉图赞同某些宗教和道德的艺术类型，但他对艺术和艺术家的看法本质上是对立的。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。20. 单选题Humans are forever forgetting that they cant control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that “scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes”. The people of quake ruined Kobe(神户) learned last week how wrong that assertion was.None of the methods raised two decades ago have succeeded. Even now, scientists have yet to discover a uniform warning signal that precedes all quakes, let alone any sign that would till whether the coming quake is mild or a killer. Earthquake formation can be trigged by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist at the California Institute of Technology. So, finding one all-purpose warning sign is impossible. One reason: Quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists cant study them directly.If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes. Places like Japan and California are filled with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults (断层). It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them. And these inconspicuous sites can be just as deadly as their better-known cousins like the San Andreas Fault (圣安得列斯断层). Both the Kobe and the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults.Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand trem