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英国文学作家作品列表PeriodHistorical BackgroundLife TimeNameCN NameWritingsCN WritingsNotesEarly&Medieval Period(449-1485)早期中世纪时期poetry, Romance, Popular ballad英国中世纪文学史大致可分为盎格鲁-撒克逊The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066和中古英语The Middle English Period,1066-1485两个时期。The making of the England: Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded Albion and combined into one United Kingdom-the England.Their dialects gradually grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.Feudal system was established；Roman Catholic Church controlled over the country.700-750Boewulf贝奥武甫英国的民族史诗(the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements.1343-1400Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗利乔叟The Canterbury TalesMasterpiece坎特伯雷故事集the Father of English poetry英国诗歌之父，the forerunner of English renaissance英国文艺复兴先驱， metrical form (格律形式) laid the foundation of the English verse格律形式奠定了根底的英语节律，the heroic couplet英雄双韵体RenaissancePeriod(Humanism)(late 15th century early 17th century)文艺复兴伊丽莎白时代The Elizabethan Age的英国戏剧是英国文艺复兴时期所有文学形式中最辉煌的一种，代表了英国乃至整个欧洲文艺复兴时期文学创作的最高成就。poetry (sonnet and blank verse), drama, essayThe Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) and Tudor dynasty which was established by Henry VII in 1485.Reformation: Protestantism became the official national religion.The Enclosure movement: compelled peasants to become the hired laborers for the merchants. Flourishing in the Elizabethan Age: The commercial expansion and the rise of bourgeoisie.The war with Spain: in 1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated. England had sovereignty over the seas.文艺复兴具有三个主要特征:古希腊、罗马文化的复兴；知识的复兴;人文主义运动的开展。1478-1535Thomas More托马斯莫尔Utopia乌托邦理想国，空想主义的代名词，开创英国哲理梦想小说传统的先河the first to introduce the Sonnet into English literature首先把十四行诗译成英语文学1552-1599Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾赛The Faerie Queen仙后the poets poet诗人中的诗人歌颂女王，宣扬人文主义思想The Spenserian Stanza斯宾塞诗体1564-1593Christopher Marlowe克里斯扥夫马洛Dr FauctusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta浮士德博士的悲剧帖木耳大帝马耳他的犹太人The Renaissance exploration spirit and extreme individualism spirit文艺复兴探索精神和极端的个人主义精神, the greatest playwright before Shakespeare莎士比亚之前最伟大的剧作家，“University Wit大学才子派, the pioneer of English drama1564-1616William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚Four comedies：1.A midsummer nights dream2.The Merchant of Venice3.As You Like it4.Twelfth night Four tragedies:1.Hamlet 2.Othello3.King Lear4.The tragedy of MacbethThe Tempest四大喜剧：1.仲夏夜之梦 2.威尼斯商人3.皆大欢喜4.第十二夜四大悲剧：1. 哈姆雷特2. 奥赛罗3. 李尔王4.麦克白暴风雨above all writers in the past and in the present time，he produced 2 long narrative poems, 154 sonnets and 38 plays两首长诗歌，154首十四行诗和38部戏剧，represents the climax of the Renaissance代表了文艺复兴时期的高潮，one of the first founders of realism第一个现实主义的创始人之一，an encyclopedia of the Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代的百科全书，the largest command of vocabulary他有最大的词汇量，Aeschylus and Shakespeare as “ the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known埃斯库罗斯和莎士比亚是“两个世界历来所知最伟大的戏剧天才1561-1626Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根Essays Of Studies论说文集论读书champion of modern science现代科学拥护者，散文家，题材广泛17th centurypoetry, comedy, proseEnglish Revolution (1649)The establishment of a CommonwealthThe monarchy was restored (1660)Glorious Revolution(1688)17世纪前60年，是一个动乱不安，风云际会的时代：期间爆发了震惊世界的英国清教革命。事实上，早在16世纪末，伊丽莎白女王统治晚期，英国社会已危机暗伏。1588年，英国战胜了西班牙无敌舰队，取得海上霸主的地位。外患既去，内忧渐起，一致对外时被搁置一旁的种种矛盾逐渐暴露了出来，并迅速激化：以宗教改革为目的的清教实力日益壮大，矛头直指黑暗腐败的国教；议会和王权间摩擦频繁，新兴资产阶级羽翼渐丰，不甘雌伏于王权之下；兼之两任斯图亚特王詹姆士一世和查理一世缺乏政治才能，政府腐化，人民的不满情绪高涨，1642年英国内战终于爆发。7世纪上半叶，影响英国的不仅是清教革命，一场思想革命也在悄然展开。现代天文学家哥白尼Nicolaus Copernicus,14731543大胆提出了日心说，推翻了地球是宇宙中心的观念。1572-1631John DonneThe metaphysical玄学派约翰邓恩The FleaDeath Be Not ProudThe Songs and Sonnets A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning跳蚤死神你别骄傲歌谣与十四行诗离别辞：节哀the founder of Metaphysical poetry(writing on love, death and religion)形而上学的诗歌的创始人(写爱情、死亡和宗教)，The Metaphysical Conceit玄学奇喻cynicism犬儒主义1608-1674John Milton The puritan清教徒约翰弥尔顿LycidasAreopagitica Paradise LostParadise RegainedSamson Agonistes利西达斯为英国人民申辩失乐园复乐园力士参孙a great revolutionary poet of the 17th century17世纪的伟大的革命诗人，a great master of blank verse无韵诗的大师，the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English英语诗歌戏剧之后希腊风格是最完美的例子1628-1688John BunyanThe puritan清教徒约翰班杨The Pilgrims Progress天路历程A Puritan prose writer一个清教徒散文作家，allegory梦幻宗教寓言，In the 17th century British social realistic picture 17世纪英国社会现实主义图景1631-1700John DrydenThe cavalier约翰德莱顿All for Love 一切为了爱情Age of Dryden the greatest poet between Milton and Popepoet laureate桂冠诗人The greatest Restoration works are the worldly, witty comedies (Comedy of manners风俗喜剧).Neoclassical Period1660-1798(Enlightenment)启蒙文学时期(Neoclassicism)新古典主义时期poetry, drama, fictionA period of comparatively peaceful developmentIndustrial RevolutionEnlightenment启蒙运动The struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.18世纪的英国政局相对稳定，资本主义经济得以持续开展，国力强盛，不断发动对外战争，在世界各地建立了许多殖民地和半殖民地。工业革命方兴为艾、圈地运动仍在继续。资产阶级与劳动人民的矛盾日益突出，各地爆发了无数次起义。爱尔兰人民也掀起了民族解放运动。1672-17191672-1729Joseph AddisonRichard Steele约瑟夫艾迪生理查德斯第尔The Tatler The Spectator 闲谈者旁观者provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre.Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel. 开创了现代小说的黎明1688-1744Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲伯An Essay on CriticismThe Rape of the Lock The Dunciad Essay on Man论批评夺发记群愚史诗 人论 英国诗史上艺术造诣最高的诗人之一，18世纪新古典主义的代表人物，the heroic couplet英雄双韵体1660-1731Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton Moll Flanders 鲁滨逊漂流记辛格顿船长摩尔弗兰德斯Founding of realist novel现实主义小说的创始之作the father of English novels英国小说之父1667-1745Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特Gullivers TravelsA modest ProposalTale of a TubThe Battle of the Books格列佛游记一个温和的建议木桶的故事书的战争The most powerful satirist of the age时代最强大的挖苦作家，Attacked the social darkness and evil抨击了社会黑暗和罪恶1689-1761Samuel Richardson塞缪尔里查逊Pamela帕美勒his emphasis on detail, his psychological insights into women, and his dramatic technique have earned him a prominent place among English novelists. 注重细节,关于女性的心理洞察,和他的戏剧技能为他赢得了在英语小说家著名之处1707-1754Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆琼斯 He was the first to give the modern novel its structure and styleComicepicinprose散文体喜剧史诗第一个创造现代小说结构和风格的人Father of English novel(the third-person narration)英国小说之父1721-1771Tobias George Smollett托拜厄斯乔治斯摩莱特Roderick Random Humphry Clinker 蓝登传亨弗利克林克小说叙事幽默、描写细腻，对19 世纪的著名小说家狄更斯的影响很大。1713-1768Laurence Sterne劳伦斯斯特恩The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy,Gentleman Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy 商第传感伤旅行precursor to modernstream-of-consciousness novels?商第传?目的是为了教育人更好的真爱世界和同胞。?商第传?和?感伤旅行?都以描写人物心理感受见长。是18世纪中后期英国感伤主义小说的重要代表作品。1709-1784Samuel Johnson赛缪尔约翰逊A Dictionary of the English LanguageTo the Right Honorable The Earl of ChesterfieldLives of the Poets英语大词典致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信诗人传18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨擘，散文家，词典编纂家，英语史上第一部标准辞书1730-1774Oliver Goldsmith奥利佛哥尔德斯密斯The Citizen of the World The Deserted Village The Vicar of Wakefield 世界公民荒村威克菲尔德牧师传?世界公民?在中西文化关系史上占有重要地位。1716-1771Thomas GrayGraveyard Poet墓园派扥马斯格雷Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌Graveyard Poet墓园派诗人，dislike of age chaos state and desire to natural simple peaceful对时代纷乱状态的厌恶和对“自然简朴安详的向往1751-1816Richard Brinsley Sheridan查理布林斯莱谢里丹The Rivals The School for Scandal 情敌造谣学校He is considered to be the only important English dramatist of the 18th century他被认为是唯一重要的18世纪英国剧作家最有成就的喜剧家，Morality is the constant theme道德是不变的主题Romantic Period1798-1832(Romanticism)浪漫主义文学英国乃至世界的浪漫主义运动发生在18世纪19世纪之交并非偶然。它是与当时世界性的革命运动思潮息息相关的，美洲的民族独立解放运动美丽坚合众国的成立、法国大革命的迅猛开展、以及欧洲各国特别是英国的工业革命都对浪漫主义运动的兴起产生了巨大的推动力。特别是法国大革命，它对浪漫主义运动首先发生在欧洲负有直接责任，对英国浪漫主义运动的蓬勃开展更是产生了重大影响。追根溯源，浪漫主义作家在思想上深受德国唯心主义古典哲学的影响，开始重视人的自由、自在和自为性，并开始重新去认识自我、审视自我，从而进一步追求自我价值的实现。追求强烈情感的自然流露，张扬个性解放，以锐不可挡之势冲垮了理性统制长达100多年的文学大堤。1757-1827William Blake威廉布莱克Songs of InnocenceSongs of ExperienceMarriage of Heaven and Hell天真之歌经验之歌天堂与地狱联姻Blake is called a Pre-Romantic or forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century布雷克被称为前浪漫主义或19世纪浪漫主义诗歌的先驱，The distinctive feature of his poetry is the symbolism in wide range.他的诗歌的独特的特点是有广泛的象征意义，Print artist and poet, strange imagination, extremely rich individual character and unique system of mythology版画家兼诗人，想象奇特，极富个性，独特的神话体系1759-1796Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect My Hearts in the Highlands A Red，Red Rose Auld Lang Syne 苏格兰方言诗集我的心在高原一朵红红的玫瑰昔日时光Robert Burns is one of the greatest song writers in the world. He is the national poet of Scotland罗伯特伯恩斯是世界上最伟大的歌曲作家之一，Scottish peasant poet, with democratic progress thought, poetry pure natural extremely rich agrestic breath苏格兰著名农民诗人，具有民主进步思想，诗作纯朴自然极富乡土气息peoples poem人民的诗人1770-1850William WordsworthLake poet湖畔派威廉华兹华斯Lyrical BalladsTintern AbbeyI wandered lonely as a cloudOde: Intimations of ImmortalityThe Solitary ReaperLucy PoemsPreludemy heart leads up when I beholdI wandered lonely as A cloud抒情歌谣集丁登寺旁咏水仙不朽颂孤独的割麦女露西组诗序曲我心荡漾Lyrical Ballads的问世标志着英国浪漫主义文学的真正崛起。Lake poet “湖畔派诗人，Poet laureate桂冠诗人，Coleridge & Robert Southey ，The three poets came to be known as Lake Poets. 柯勒律治和骚塞，这三个诗人被称为湖畔诗人，celebrated the glories of nature and the human spirit著名的自然和人类精神的光芒1772-1834Samuel Taylor ColeridgeLake poet湖畔派塞缪尔泰勒科勒律治The Rime of The Ancient MarinerKubla KhanChristalbelBiographia Literaria古舟子咏忽必烈汗克丽斯塔贝尔文学传记One of the three poets Lake PoetWork has a tendency to natural mysticism“湖畔派三诗人之一作品有自然的神秘主义倾向1788-1824George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦Childe Harolds PilgrimageDon Juanmasterpiece恰尔德哈罗德游记唐璜 personality cult个人崇拜，Byronic Hero拜伦式英雄富有挑战性的、忧郁的年轻人，沉思于神秘1792-1822Percy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱溺水身亡Queen MabOde to the West WindTo a SkylarkPrometheus UnboundA Defence of Poetry麦布女王西风颂freedom 云雀颂解放了的普罗米修斯诗辩Influenced by Platos philosophy, look forward to the ideal of beauty and philosophy深受柏拉图哲学影响，憧憬美丽的理想和理念，one of the greatest English lyrical poets and dramatists of English Romanticism抒情诗人和浪漫主义戏剧家1795-1821John Keats约翰济慈与雪莱是好朋友，死于肺结核Ode to a NightingaleOde to a Grecian UrnOde to Autumn夜莺颂希腊古瓮颂秋颂Life pursuit of beauty, to create art beauty genius poet一生追求美，是创造艺术美的天才诗人，one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement英国浪漫主义运动的主要的诗人之一1775-1817Jane Austen简奥斯汀Sense and SensibilityPride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkEmmaNorthanger AbbeyPersuasion理智与情感傲慢与偏见曼斯菲尔德庄园爱玛诺桑觉寺劝导one of the greatest women writers of the 19th century19世纪最伟大的女性作家之一，By women writers unique sharp and delicate depiction of the English countryside middle class life and thought, delicate wit humor以女性作家特有的敏锐和细腻刻画英国乡村中产阶级的生活和思想,精巧机智幽默，one of the realistic novelists是现实的小说家之一1771-1832Walter Scott沃尔特司各特IvanhoeWaverleyfirst historical novelRob Roythe best of the group艾凡赫威弗利罗布罗伊creator and great master of the historical novel浪漫主义历史小说, “西欧历史小说之父，Scotts historical novels paved the way for the development of the realistic novels of the 19th century and marks the transition from romanticism to realism in English literature of the 19th century. 司各特的历史小说的开展铺平了道路的现实小说19世纪标志着从浪漫主义转向现实主义在19世纪的英国文学。现实主义文学时期Victorian Period1837-1901(Critical Realism)维多利亚时期小说的黄金时代TheOrigins ofSpecies物种起源1859Das Kapital资本论1867维多利亚时代是英国开展史上迅猛上升的时期。大英帝国的经济实力空前强大，势力范围迅速扩张。从殖民地掠夺的财富源源不断的流入英国，这似乎是现实世界理所当然的一局部，也许是许多维多利亚文学作品的背景。但经济上的繁荣并不能阻止阶级矛盾的产生。就在新兴资产阶级奇迹般地暴富起来时，劳动者却不得不在残酷的压迫下过着穷困的生活。这一时期对抗压迫、争取民主选举权的运动蓬勃开展。1812-1870 Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯Oliver TwistThe Old Curiosity ShopDombey and Son David CopperfieldBleak HouseHard TimesA Tale of Two CitiesGreat Expectations雾都孤儿老古玩店董贝父子 大卫科波菲尔荒凉山庄艰难时世双城记远大前程greatest Victorian critical novelists,great humorist19世纪英国最伟大的小说家，其作品的深度和广度超过了同时代的任何作家, 是维多利亚时代英国社会生活的画卷。1811-1863William Makepeace Thackery威廉梅克皮斯萨克雷Vanity FairThe book of Snobs名利场势利者集critical realism批判现实主义satirist,moralist挖苦作家 道德主义家，书名取自天路历程The Pilgrims Progress1816-1855Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特Jane EyreShirley VilletteThe Professor简爱雪莉维莱特教师?简爱?是一部成长小说，展示了女主人公从一名孤儿成长为独立女性的过程。小说表达的作者的思想：女性应该通过自己的努力，追求经济上、婚姻上、人格上 和社会地位上的平等。First governess novel女教师小说1818-1848Emily Bronte艾米丽勃朗特Wuthering Heights吼叫山庄想象奇特，野性与文明、浪漫与现实反差强烈，具有神秘恐怖色彩。1820-1849Anne Bronte安妮勃朗特Agnes Grey阿格尼斯格雷1809-1892Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗雷德丁尼生In MemeriamBreak Break BreakIdylls of the King悼念拍吧,拍吧,拍吧国王之歌Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人剑桥挚友溺水而死, ?悼念?中表达了真切的伤感和悲哀, 同时反映了对生活本质和人类命运的思索和忧虑1812-1889Robert Browning罗伯特布朗宁My Last DuchessMeeting at NightParting at Morning我逝去的公爵夫人黑夜相会晨别the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue 开展和完善戏剧独白1822-1888Matthew Arnold马修阿诺德Dover Beach多佛海滩反映了19世纪西方社会中的宗教信仰在新知识的冲击下普遍沦丧的时代风貌。对人类苦难的悲悯，对信仰危机时代的担忧和无奈。1819-1880George Eliot乔治艾略特The Mill on the FlossSilas MarnerMiddlemarch弗罗斯河上的磨房织工马南米德尔马契19世纪现实主义小说的真正代表leading in the direction of naturalistic and psychological novel自然主义和心理小说的先驱1840-1928Thomas Hardy扥马斯哈代Far from the Madding Crowd The Return of the Native The Mayor of CasterbridgeTess of The DUnvervilleJude the Obscure远离尘嚣还乡卡斯特桥市长德伯家的苔丝无名的裘德Naturalism,自然主义倾向。Wessex小说。以“幻灭为主题, 英格兰南部农村青年男女走投无路、陷于绝望的悲剧故事。poetic descriptions and fatalism (宿命论) 1857-1924Joseph Conrad约瑟夫康拉德Heart of DarknessLord Jim黑暗之心吉姆老爷对西方特别是比利时帝国主义的扩张、对民族剥削和压迫的不满。发英国现代主义文学的先声。184-1900Oscar Wilde奥斯卡王尔德The Picture of Dorian GraySalomeLady Windermeres Fan A Woman of No Importance An Ideal Husband The Importance of Being Earnest 道林格雷的画像莎乐美温德米尔夫人的扇子一个无足轻重的女人一个理想的丈夫认真的重要性Aestheticism 唯美主义Art for arts sake为艺术而艺术反对社会普遍的功利主义和工业社会的丑陋和庸俗。1856-1950George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳PygmalionWidowers HouseMrs. Warrens ProfessionArms and the ManMan and SupermanMajor BarbaraSaint JoanThe Apple Cart皮格马利翁鳏夫的房产华伦夫人的职业武器与人人与超人巴巴拉少校圣女贞德 苹果车倡导一种有思想的“问题剧, 语言锐利、简洁、幽默Pygmalion改编为Broadway Musical My Fair Lady1867-1933John Galsworthy约翰高尔斯华绥The Forsyte SagaThe Man of Property福赛特世家有产业的人揭示了资产阶级的家庭、社会关系。Modern Period1914-1945(Modernism)现代主义文学时期 1865-1939William Butler Yeats威廉伯特勒叶芝When you are oldEaster Rising of 1916Sailing to ByzantianLeda and The SwanThe TowerA VisionThe Winding Stair and Other Poems当你老了1916年的复活节驶向拜占庭丽达及天鹅塔梦想旋梯及其他神秘主义象征体系，探讨人生哲学。认为人类文明是以两千年为一循环。在诗中验证历史循环螺旋理论。1888-1965T.S. EliotTS艾略特The Love Song of J. AlfredThe Waste LandThe Hollow ManAsh WednesdayFour QuartetsMurder in the CathedralThe Family Reunion Tradition and the Individual TalentThe Metaphysical Poets普鲁弗洛克的情歌荒原空心人圣灰星期三四个四重奏大教堂谋杀案家庭团聚传统与个人才能玄学派诗人现代主义诗歌运动的先锋。运用大量的神话描绘战后西方世界精神失落的景象，表达人类对获得救赎的希望，代表着英国现代主义诗歌的最高成就。1882-1941James Joyce詹姆斯乔伊斯DublinersThe Portrait of The Artist As a Young ManUlyssesFinnegans Wake 都柏林人青年艺术家的肖像尤利西斯芬尼根的觉醒莎士比亚后英语文学史上最伟大的作家，Ulysses西方“现代社会的全部生活和全部历史都柏林人写作手法Epiphany尤利西斯写作技巧stream of consciousness 1882-1941Virginia Woolf弗吉妮亚伍尔芙Mrs. DallowayTo the Lighthouse达罗卫夫人到灯塔去意识流小说，女作家对于女性存在的历史及现状的独特反思1885-1930D. H. Lawrence戴维赫伯特劳伦斯Sons and LoversThe RainbowWoman in Love儿子与情人虹恋爱中的女人两性关系与工业文明。将社会批评与性心理探索巧妙结合起来，猛烈抨击资本主义工业文明。1879-1970E.M. ForsterE.M.福斯特Where Angels Fear to TreadA Room with a ViewThe Longest JourneyHowards EndA Passage to IndiaAspects of the Novel 天使不敢涉足的地方一间看得见风景的房间最长的旅行霍华兹别墅印度之行小说面面观?印度之行?出色的描写了不同民族心理和不同文化心态之间的冲突和张力。?小说面面观?20世纪英国小说艺术的经典理论之作。Post modernismPost WW当代文学1911-1993William Golding威廉戈尔丁Lord of the Flies蝇王揭示人性中邪恶的一面，帮助人类面对自己心灵深处的黑暗。1919-Doris Lessing多丽斯莱辛The Golden NotebookA Woman on a Roof金色笔记本屋顶丽人战后英国最杰出的女性作家1926-John Fowles约翰福尔斯The French Lieutenants Woman法国中尉的女人实验主义作家的杰出代表
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