（全国用）2018年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第三节 题组练习 6 社会文化

第三节 题组练习A(2017第三次全国大联考)Ask any American what he/she is doing on Sunday，February 7 and the answer is likely to be either hosting or attending a Super Bowl Party.Played for the title of the National Football League Champion，Super Bowl is the most watched annual television program in the United States.Thats because Super Bowl which is celebrating its Golden Anniversary this year，is more than just a 60-minute football gameit is a well-designed production that features half-time performances，fireworks shows and television ads that people discuss for days.But most important of all，it is the day to set aside all diets and enjoy foods one would normally avoid or at least not consume at the same time.It should，therefore，come as no surprise that Super Bowl Sunday is one of the biggest food consumption days in the USsecond only to Thanksgiving.The noshing will start early in the day，long before matches begin and continue long after the 2016 NFL Champions have retired to celebrate.As a result，it is estimated that on Sunday，the nation will consume 1.2 million pounds of potato chips，8.2 million pounds of tortilla chips,3.8 million pounds of popcorn and 3 million pounds of nuts.When the real hunger pains start to hit，they will seek out comfort foods.Not surprisingly，pizza tops the list.Chicken wings are also very popular.It is estimated that almost 1.3 billion wings will be consumed on Super Bowl Sunday.Other favorites include bacon，hot dogs and burgers.But the food consumption is not without consequences.Data released indicates that antacid(解酸药)sales increase by 20% on the Monday following the big game.Additionally，over seven million Americans call in sick.It is no wonder that fans have been urging the government to declare Super Bowl Monday a holiday.语篇解读一年一度的美国超级橄榄球杯大赛不仅是全美收视率最高的电视节目，而且超级碗星期天也是美国单日食品消费量最高的节日之一，食品消费量仅次于感恩节。1Why does Super Bowl become the most popular television program?AIt is the longest football game.BIt is hosted by famous film stars.CIt contains the most wonderful ads.DIt involves various performances.答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“it is a well-designed production that features half-time performances，fireworks shows and television ads that people discuss for days”可知选D。2Which can replace the underlined word “noshing” in Paragraph 4?APlaying. BEating.CCompeting. DResting.答案B解析词义猜测题。前后段均介绍在超级橄榄球杯大赛期间食品的消费情况，由此判断选B。3Which comfort food is consumed the most?AHot dogs. BPizza.CNuts. DChicken wings.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第六段前两句“When the real hunger pains start to hit，they will seek out comfort foods.Not surprisingly，pizza tops the list.”可知选B。4What bad result might Super Bowl Sunday lead to?ALots of food is wasted.BPublic disorder is caused.CSome people have an upset stomach.DMany people lose their work.答案C解析推理判断题。根据末段中“Data released indicates that antacid(解酸药)sales increase by 20% on the Monday following the big game.Additionally，over seven million Americans call in sick.”可知人们会因为毫无顾忌地大吃大喝而生病。故选C。B(2017福建师大附中期中)The wallet is heading for extinction.As a day-to-day essential，it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers.The kind of shopping，where you hand over notes and count out change in return，now happens only in the most minor of our retailers(零售商)，like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a corner shop.At the shops where you spend any real money，that money is increasingly abstracted.And this is more and more true，the higher up the scale you go.At the most cutting-edge(前沿的) retail stores，Victoria Beckham on Dover Street，for instance，you dont go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay.The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.Across society，the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy.Maybe Im just old-fashioned.But earning money isnt quick or easy for most of us.Isnt it a bit weird(怪异) that spending it should happen in half a blink(眨眼) of an eye？Doesnt a walletthat time-honored Friday-night feeling of pleasing，promising fatnessrepresent something that matters?But Ill leave the economics to the experts.What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment.Everything about the look and feel of a wallet，the way the materials wear and tear and loosen with age，the plastic and paper and gold and silver，and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets，is the very opposite of what our world is becoming.The opposite of a wallet is a smart phone or an iPad.The rounded edges，cool glass，smooth and unknowable as a pebble(鹅卵石)Instead of digging through pieces of paper，we move our fingers left and right.No more counting out coins.Show your wallet，if you still have one.It may not be here much longer.语篇解读文章叙述了现代社会，人们的支付方式逐步电子化，传统的钱包正走向消失。作者对于这种现象所代表的社会发展趋势感到不安。5What is happening to the wallet?AIt is disappearing.BIt is becoming costly.CIt is being fattened.DIt is changing in style.答案A解析细节理解题。由文章首句“The wallet is heading for extinction.”可知，钱包正在消失。故选A。6What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?ASaving money is becoming a thing of the past.BThe pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.CSpending money is so fast and easy.DEarning money is getting more difficult.答案C解析细节理解题。由文章第二段前四句可知，金钱概念的抽象化使作者不安，挣钱不容易但在瞬间就会花掉很多钱。故选C。7What can we infer from the passage about the author?AHe is resistant to social changes.BHe is against technological progress.CHe wants to say goodbye to the traditional wallet.DHe feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.答案D解析推理判断题。本文主要叙述了传统的钱包在消失，人们的支付方式在发生巨大的变化，作者对于不断改变的社会感到不安。故选D项。C(2017贵州遵义航天高级中学五模)Every year in America，high-school students who want to go to college take a national examination called the Scholastic Aptitude Test，or SAT in a shortened way.Their score is an important factor in determining which colleges will admit them or whether any will be admitted at all.The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures ones mathematical ability and use of the English language.Traditionally，the English part involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension.But the SAT folks have added a single question，to be answered in an essay，hand-written on the spot.Thats an interesting way to test writing ability，but content aside，have you ever seen young peoples handwriting lately？Or anyones for that matter，in this age of computer keyboards？Students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks.They scribble class notes in what can generously be described as the written word.Yet todays kids are asked to write，thoughtfully and clearly，for several minutes on this SAT Test.Good luck to the text scorers who must work out difficultly the scrawl(潦草的字迹) of young people whove been typing on computers since the age of three！Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help ones score on the SAT，but also，later on in life，impress potential employers.And dont forget，we all have to turn to handwriting from time to time，as computers go down when power goes out.Then how to improve the handwriting？Well，with a few simple steps you can improve your handwriting.Position the pen.You should hold the pen between the forefinger and the thumb，then rest it near the first knuckle(指节) of the middle finger.The rest of your fingers should be curled(卷曲) under your hand and your hand should remain relaxed.Evaluate your writing.Make changes to your letters till you like how they look.Take your time.Speed is bound to make your writing messy-looking.Practice.Practice it a lot; its not enough to do it once and hope for the best.It has to be something you work at to make great improvements.语篇解读文章由SAT考试增加书面表达，引入话题当前学生不注重书写。此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。8The underlined word “scribble” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”Awrite quickly and roughlyBtype simply and correctlyCpaint clearly and neatlyDdescribe properly and well答案A解析词义猜测题。由“.have you ever seen young peoples handwriting lately？Or anyones for that matter，in this age of computer keyboards？Students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks.”可推知学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草。故选A。9According to Paragraph 3，students with good handwriting skill .Acan pass the SATBcan develop good charactersCcan impress their classmatesDcan get more job opportunities答案D解析细节理解题。由该段第三句“Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help ones score on the SAT，but also，later on in life，impress potential employers.”可知选D。10Which of the following should you avoid when improving your handwriting?APracticing writing a lot.BWriting as fast as you can.CRelaxing your hand when holding the pen.DChanging your letters till you like how they look.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后四段的内容可知B项是书写时应该避免的。故选B。11The text is to present the fact that .Awriting seems to be very important in the SATBthose who will go to college have to take the SATCstudents should practice handwriting more oftenDkids dont know how to write in the computer age答案C解析推理判断题。文章由SAT考试增加书面表达，引入话题当前学生不注重书写。此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。故选C。D(2017贵州遵义航天高级中学四模)Fighting racial stereotypes(模式化) on US campuses often begins by putting students of different ethnic backgrounds togetherunder one dormitory roof.Sam Boakye was a freshman at Ohio State University and the only black student on his floor.He was determined to get good gradesin part to make sure his white roommate had no basis for negative racial views.“Youre pushed to do better，to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart，” he told the New York Times.Several recent studies have found that having a roommate of a different race can reduce prejudice(偏见)，diversify(使多样化)friendships and even promote students academic performance.In a study by Ohio State psychology professor Russell Fazio，black freshmen who came to college with high test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommateeven if the roommates test scores were low.Another study on student interaction by Duke University suggests that freshmen with roommates of a different race were the most likely to diversify their friendships.“Just having diversity in classrooms doesnt do anything to increase interracial friendships，” said Claudia Buchman，an author of the Duke study.“But living together with a different-race roommate does lead to more interracial friendships.” There are，however，some problems with such room assignments.Fazios study found that three times as many randomly(随机地) assigned interracial roommates werent living together at the end of the semester，compared with white roommates.Interracial roommates also spent less time together，had fewer joint activities and were less involved with each others friends than white pairs.As for Boakye，this is not the case.“A lot of white students come without much exposure(暴露) to diversity，so when their first interaction with a black guy isnt bad，they will make more black friends.I think I made a good impression on my freshman roommate.I saw him this year，and he said，Hey dude，youre not the only black friend I have. That felt good.” 语篇解读美国大学校园为了抵制种族模式化，专门把不同种族文化背景的人放在同一个寝室里，这样做经过研究后发现利大于弊。12Having a roommate of a different race can have the following benefits EXCEPT .Amaking more friendsBreducing prejudiceCearning better gradesDimproving physical health答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二、三段的描述可知A、B、C三项都有提及，唯一没提到的是D项。故选D。13Sam Boakye was determined to get good grades partly because .Ahe wanted to prove he was a smart boyBhe intended to please his parentsChe wished to earn the scholarshipDhe wanted to show black people are as smart as white people答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Youre pushed to do better，to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart， he told the New York Times.”可知他是想证明他跟白人一样聪明。故选D。14We can conclude that Boakye .Agot along well with his white roommateBshared fewer joint activities with his white roommateChad a negative attitude towards his white roommateDis still living together with his freshman white roommate答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think I made a good impression on my freshman roommate.I saw him this year，and he said，Hey dude，youre not the only black friend I have. That felt good.”可知，他跟室友相处得很好。故选A。15The 4th paragraph is mainly about .Athe interracial friendshipBsome problems with having an interracial roommateCsome comments on the interracial roommatesDthe interaction between the black student and the white student答案B解析段落大意题。该段主要是讲不同种族文化的学生在一个寝室产生的问题。故选B。.单词梳理1He speaks English as though he were an American(America)2Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national(nation) economy.3The hotel had a grand celebration(celebrate) for its opening.4Proposal is easier than performance(perform)5The patient began to breathe normally(normal)6She gave the lid a few taps to loosen(loose) it.7Ive asked him to shorten(short) my trousers.8She has the ability(able) to keep calm in an emergency.9A new law has been brought in to discourage racial(race) prejudice.10Her gentleness has given me a deep impression(impress).短语提炼A英汉互译1set aside留出；把放置一旁2at the same time 同时；然而3seek out 找出；搜出4head for 前往；出发5作为报答 in return6立刻；当场 on the spot7被描述成 be described as8坚决；下决心做某事 be determined to do sth.B运用上述短语完成下列句子1The policeman arrested the thief on the spot.2He was determined to hold on to this job whatever difficulties he might run into.3Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind.4The little girl gave me a big hug in return for my help.5He is heading for trouble if he goes on behaving like that.6Im afraid we must set aside your request for more equipment.7I saw two boys rising to their feet at the same time.8Go to seek them out and connect with them.翻译与仿写1It is no wonder that fans have been urging the government to declare Super Bowl Monday a holiday.句式分析It is no wonder that.难怪。翻译难怪粉丝们一直强烈要求政府宣布超级碗星期一为假期。仿写他成功了是不足为奇的。It is no wonder that he should have succeeded.2But living together with a different-race roommate does lead to more interracial friendships.句式分析本句中does用来强调动词短语lead to。翻译但是，和不同种族的室友住在一块确实促成更多的种族间的友谊。仿写昨天，他确实向我道歉了。He did make an apology to me yesterday./He did apologize to me yesterday.10