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专题13 语法填空（三）从句复习方法与知识艺体生在进行了基础知识复习之后，把重点转到：1.熟悉高考题型；2.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；3.精选难度适中的训练题。定语从句命题规律 定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。定语从句基本考点：（1）关系代词引导的定语从句who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。（2）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。the way后面的定语从句的关系词。在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。（3）“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。 “复合介词短语关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 “ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) 需要特别注意：该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：a. 把先行词放在从句中，从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。b. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。（4）as和which引导的定语从句 as引导的限制性定语从句关系代词as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：a. as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。b. 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。c. as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。（5）定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。名词性从句命题规律名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。名词性从句基本考点：（1）名词性从句的连接词连接词that，whether和ifI. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that本身无意义，有时可省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。II. whether与if的用法比较二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式，if不可。e. 可以用whether.or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有：when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。（2）主语从句主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。I. It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句II. Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句III. Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)that从句IV. It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句注意：a. 在“It is necessary，important，strange，naturalthat从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)动词原形”形式。b. 在“Itbesuggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，requiredthat从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)动词原形”。（3）宾语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。动词的宾语从句I. 大多数动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)可以带宾语从句。注意：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。II. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。注意：a. where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。b. that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。（4）表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类：主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。（5）同位语从句同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。能接同位语从句的名词有： belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。（6）名词性从句的几个难点that通常不可省略的四种情况：I. 引导主语从句，that置于句首时不可省略。II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。III. 在由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that也不可省略。what与that的区别：what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“的人(地方、东西)等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。状语从句命题规律考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点：1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别；2.根据历年高考试题，对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳，在九大类别中的考查热点中，重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上；3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句；4.做好易混词的辨析如：as， when， while等，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现；5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略；6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。状语从句基本考点：（1）时间状语从句 when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。 while引导时间状语从句，意为“与同时，在期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。 as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边一边；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。 as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。注意：no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。before/sincea. 表示“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及就”。b. It will be一段时间before.“多久之后才”。c. since的常用句型：It is (has been) /was一段时间since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) until/till主句为肯定句时，谓语用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词。（2）地点状语从句 通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。（3）条件状语从句 通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导的条件状语从句。（4）让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if (though)，whatever (wherever，whoever.)，whether.or.，no matter who (when，what.) 等引导。 while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。（5）原因状语从句和方式状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。（6）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。特殊句式命题规律从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法。特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。特殊句式基本考点：（1）倒装句 完全倒装a. 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。b. 表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。 部分倒装a. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。b. 否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。c. 当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。d. hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等连接两个句子且hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。e. 在so.that.和such.that.句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。f. as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序) （2）强调句型 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。 如果原句中含有“not.until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。（3）省略在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。注意：用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边，但be动词后有助动词be 和 have时，be 和 have不能省略。【考例分析】【例1】 He was very tired fromdoing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.【解析】but 句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little.”【解析】nor 并列连词“neithernor”表示“既不也不”。【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _ sat at a table.【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。【例4】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。【例5】 One day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.【解析】what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。【例7】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。【例8】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。【例9】Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.【解析】whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。【例10】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.【解析】when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。【例11】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.【解析】until/till 表示“一直到”。【例12】_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.【解析】If 表条件。he thought与he was wrong是两个句子，没有连词。【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填连接词？(1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。(2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。体验高考2016四川卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The giant panda 1._ (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 2._ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 3._ (care) mother.For 25 days, she never left her baby，not even to find something 4._ (eat)！She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 5._ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6._ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7._ more than two years.By that time，the panda no longer needed 8._ (it) mother for food.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years，the mother 9._ (drive) the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby，10._ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.解析1. is loved考查时态和语态。大熊猫被全世界人们所喜爱。故此处使用一般现在时的被动语态。2. recently考查副词。根据句子意思以及句子结构可知，此处应使用副词recently表示“最近”。3. caring/careful考查形容词。修饰名词mother应用形容词；而care的形容词可以是caring(体贴的)或careful(小心的)。4. to eat考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作不定代词something的后置定语，指“可以吃的东西”。5. enemies考查名词。natural enemies“天敌”，且此处应使用复数形式。6. When/If考查连词。当/如果它哭。7. for考查介词。此处for表示一段时间。8. its考查代词。此处表示“它的母亲”，故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mother。9. drove考查时态。此处叙述过去的事情，故用一般过去时态。10. and 考查并列连词。此处两个分句之间为并列关系，故使用and。模拟新题精选1. 【黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学2018届高三上学期第五次调研】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Peking Opera is being introduced to primary and middle school students in an effort _41_(promote) the traditional art to the younger generation in our country. Textbooks about Peking Opera were firstly compiled and published by Peoples Education Press in 2015. The textbooks for _42_ (option) courses have been put on trial use in junior middle schools in the Fengtai district and _43_ (use) in middle schools across the city in the future. The textbooks _44_ primary schools also will be rolled out.Since 2008, Beijing _45_ (start) a program to provide opera training at dozens of primary schools. Peking Opera arose during _46_ rule of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. It flourished for decades in China and _47_ its fame spread, it drew audiences in other countries, _48_ (include) the United States and Japan. Yet over the years, its _49_ (popular) faded away. While a significant number of people listened to radio productions of Peking Opera before the 1980s, generations _50_ (bear) after that pursued pop culture over the traditional arts.【答案】41. to promote 42. optional 43. used 44. for 45. has started 46. the 47. as 48. including 49. popularity 50. born【解析】京剧是中国的国粹，然而，近年来，它的热度开始消退。为了使年轻一代更好的传承中国传统文化，北京市将大力推进京剧进校园，京剧正在被引入中小学课堂。42. 句意：目前这套初中版的京剧选修教材已在丰台区初中阶段试用，将在全市推广。形容词修饰名词，答案为optional。43. 句意：目前这套初中版的京剧选修教材已在丰台区初中阶段试用，将在全市推广。根据句意可知答案为used。44. 句意：同时小学版京剧教材也将适时推出。根据句意可知答案为for。45. 根据Since 2008，可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是Beijing，所以答案为has started。46. 句意：京剧形成于清朝(1644-1911)乾隆皇帝统治时期，随着其声名鹊起。此处表示特指，答案为the。47. 句意：随着其声名鹊起，数十年来在中国盛极一时，甚至吸引了不少来自美国、日本的外国观众。根据句意可知此处是as引导的时间状语从句，答案为as。49. 句意：然而，近年来，它的热度开始消退。its是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，答案为popularity。 50. 句意：出生于80年前的老一辈人中，有相当一部分只能去听一些京剧的音像制品，而80年以后的人们都渐渐只对流行文化感兴趣，摒弃了传统文化。此处是过去分词做后置定语，答案为born。2. 【重庆市南开中学2017届高三上学期期中】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A man walked into a bank in New York and asked for the loan(借贷)officerHe said he was going to Europe _41_ business for two weeks and needed to borrow $5,000The bank officer said the bank would need some kind of _42_ (secure) for such a loanSo the man _43_ (hand) over the keys to a Rolls Royce parked on the street in front of the bankEverything checked out，and the bank agreed _44_ (accept) the car as guarantee for the loanAn employee drove the Rolls Royce into the banks underground garage and parked it thereTwo weeks _45_ , the man returned，and repaid the$5,000 and the interest，which came to$15.41The loan officer said，“We are very happy to _46_ (have) your business，and this business has worked out very _47_ (nice)，but we are a little puzzledWhile you were away, we checked you out and found that you are a multimillionaire_48_ puzzles us is why you would bother to borrow $5,000 ? ”_49_ (1augh)，the man replied，“_50_ else in New York can I park my car for two weeks for about$15 ? ”【答案】41. on/for 42. security 43. handed 44. to accept 45. later 46. have had 47. nicely 48. What 49. Laughing 50. Where【解析】文章讲述了一个聪明的富豪到银行借了5000美元，而把车进行抵押，这一举动引起了银行的疑问，通过银行的询问才知道原来富豪是为了找到一个便宜的停车位才到银行借钱的故事。41. on/for考查固定搭配。句意：他说他要去欧洲出差要借5000美元。出差on/for business，故填on/for。 42. security考查名词。句意：银行的工作人员说对于这样的贷款银行需要某种担保。担保security。介词of后边用名词，故填security。43. handed考查时态。文章是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填handed。44. to accept考查固定搭配。同意做某事agree to do something，是固定搭配，故填to accept。45. later句意：两周以后，在之后later，故填later。46. have had考查时态。句意：我们很高兴有你的业务。业务发生在主句动作之前，对现在有影响，用现在完成时态，故填have had。47. nicely考查副词。句意：这项业务非常好。Nicely副词作状语，故填nicely。49. Laughing考查动词ing形式。句意：男人笑着回答说：“在纽约别的什么地方我能把车停两周而只需15美元呢？”动词ing形式作状语，故填Laughing。50. Where考查疑问副词。句意：男人笑着回答说：“在纽约别的什么地方我能把车停两周而只需15美元呢？”where引导特殊疑问句，在句子中作地点状语。故填Where。3. 【安徽省皖西南名校2018年高三阶段性检测联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a getting. It was not until in my later thirties_41_ I made this important discovery: giving away things _42_ (make) life so much more exciting. One discovery I made about giving away is that it is almost _43_ (possibility) to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in _44_ unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered a letter to my home, though it _45_ (address) to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of _46_ (appreciate). More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes _47_ (leave), and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasnt it you that wrote us a letter a year ago about _48_ (deliver) a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you are _49_ (certain) going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You dont know _50_ a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.【答案】41. that 42. makes 43. impossible 44. an 45. was addressed 46. appreciation 47. left 48. delivering 49. certainly 50. what【解析】文章主要讲述了作者通过一件事明白了给予事物让生活更令人兴奋。41. 考查强调句。句意：直到我三十多岁的时候，我才发现了这个重要的发现。It was not untilthat直到.才.根据题意，故填that。42. 考查动词时态。句意：给予事物让生活更令人兴奋。“giving away things”动名词作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数。根据题意，故填makes。44. 考查不定冠词。句意：我的一个发现是，在这个世界上，如果没有回报，几乎不可能放弃任何东西。根据题意，故填an。45. 考查被动语态。句意：一个星期日的早晨，当地邮局给我的家发了一封信，尽管那封信地址是我的办公室。be addressed to在(信封和包裹)上写姓名地址；致(函)。根据题意，故填was addressed。46. 考查名词。句意：我写了一封感谢信给邮局局长。介词of后使用名词。根据题意，故填appreciation。47. 考查过去分词作定语。句意：在窗口我被告知没有箱子了。boxes与leave之间处于被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语。根据题意，故填left。48. 考查动名词。句意：是不是你一年前给我们写了一封信，递送到你家？介词about后使用动名词。根据题意，故填delivering。50. 考查宾语从句。句意：你不知道那封信对我们意味着什么。由what引导宾语从句。根据题意，故填what。4. 【浙江省七彩联盟2018届高三上学期期中】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Memories of past events provide us with a wide range of thoughts, feelings and emotions. Childhood memories often open _36_ window to laugh and cry. In the smiling summer nights of my childhood, I often lay _37_ (anxious) awaiting the early hours of morning to arrive. When the first rooster made its rumble (喧闹声), I woke up and went out with a torch in my hand to all the mango orchards in my neighborhood _38_ (pick) up the ripe mangoes that had fallen the previous night. The last stop of this joyful gathering would be my home. _39_ a basketful of mangoes of the night and a heart of contentment, I would return and make a _40_ (pride) display of my gathering before my _41_ (sister) as they woke up. It hardly _42_ (matter) whether we ate any mango. The mango picking had more fun than _43_ (eat) the mangoes. Often the mangoes rotted in the basket.I have often thought _44_ many little luxuries (奢侈) we make in life have something to do with this mango picking. Many desired purchases now lie as ruined possessions in my home coated in dirt and dust. The desire for _45_ (they) has disappeared with the attainment of it.【答案】36. a 37. anxiously 38. to pick 39. With 40. proud 41. sisters 42. mattered 43. eating 44. that 45. them【解析】作者回忆了自己儿时去采摘芒果的经历，感悟生活中有许多事情像采摘芒果一样，得到后就失去了对它们的渴望。36. 考查冠词。童年回忆打开了一扇或哭或笑的窗户。泛指“一扇窗户”，且window的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。37. 考查副词。修饰动词awaiting，用副词，所以填anxiously。38. 考查不定式。表示目的“为了采摘熟透的芒果”，所以用不定式，填to pick。39. 考查介词。表示“带着一篮子芒果和满心的满足”，所以填with。40. 考查形容词。修饰名词display，用形容词，所以填proud。41. 考查名词单复数。由they可判断出是复数意义，所以用名词复数，填sisters。42. 考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填mattered。43. 考查v+ing形式。由前面的picking，可判断出这里也用v+ing形式，所以填eating。45. 考查宾格。介词后面跟人称宾格，所以填them。5. 【湖北省荆州市2018届高三上学期第一次质量检查】阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Mobile Payments in China A foreigner scans the QR code to pay for snacks at a shop in Hangzhou on April 14, 2017. All vendors (小贩) support mobile payments, and consumers can scan QR codes to pay through WeChat Wallet or Alipay. Using mobile payments is not forced by the market regulator, but done _41_ (voluntary). “All use, and if you do not, it means a _42_ (lose).” A vendor said.The popularity of mobile payments in China also shocked neighboring nation Japan, when an online post stated a beggar even had to use the mobile payment QR code in China. It _43_ (grow) into a lifestyle choice of Chinese following the rapid development of mobile payment services _44_ (lead) by third-party payment companies so far.Mobile payments have not only become popular in large cities and urban areas, but also in the country
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