快速突破主旨大意

快速突破“主旨大意”阅读理解中的“主旨大意”（main idea），也被称作“主旨要义”。它指的是文章的中心思想，主要是表明作者的意图，阐明作者的观点；或介绍某一件事情,或说明某一个道理。这类题目的设题方式主要有：The passage (text) is mainly about _.The main (general) idea of the passage is _.What does the passage (author) mainly want to tell us?Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the text?The best tile of this passage is _.What is the best title of this passage?一般说来，这类题目答案的信息出现在文章的首段或尾段。因为通常的行文方式是文章首段总启全文、开门见山；文章的尾段总结点题、画龙点睛。文章的中心思想往往就集中在这两部分。因此，要想快速突破这类题目最好的方式就是重视首尾段。其操作办法是：先在文章的首（尾）段中找到“关键词”(某人、做某事，论述某观点)，再以这些“关键词”为核心，向前后发展，直到找到全部有用的信息，最后确定答案。例1：An Australian adventurer has taken on a dangerous bid to become the first kayaker(皮艇手) to paddle 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) from his country to New Zealand. 1. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. An adventurer is attempting to paddle from Australia to New Zealand.B. The Tasman Sea is a real challenge for most adventurers.C. Police showed much concern about McAuleys trip to New Zealand.D. McAuley is well-known as a good kayaker in Australia.分析A。这篇文章后面主要介绍McAuley的航海经历，以及这次活动的准备工作，很显然都是为文章的第一段所提到的内容服务。文章的第一段应是寻找main idea的最佳段落。关键词是：adventurer, bid, first kayaker to paddle, his country, New Zealand.联系四个答案选项，可以确定A为正确答案。例2：By far the most common difficulty in studying is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine(常规) of study. Many students just do a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or let their set work pile up until the last possible moment. Those who believe that they need only work and study when they are in the mood have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of “freedom”. In fact, freedom from control and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to “self-expression” or “personality development”. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality(准时), and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society, we have to meet demands.2.The best title for the passage might be _.A. Attitudes to StudyB. A Study PlanC. The Difficulties in StudyingD. Study and Self-discipline分析D。这篇文章一开始列举一些现象，目的是提出问题，中间被省略的部分是分析问题，最后一段是解决问题，也是作者陈述自己的观点，很明显答案应在最后一部分找。关键词是：freedom from control and discipline leads to unhappiness， society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality.在结合文章第一段进一步证明D是正确答案。当然，“主旨大意”类题目的解题方法决不止这一种，最佳方案往往是自己在实践中摸索而且行之有效的方法。这里提供的方法只起个抛砖引玉的作用，切不可生搬硬套。即时练习： 练习1A rise in the earths temperature could lead to an increase in the number of insects worldwide, with potentially serious consequences for humans. 1. The main idea of the passage is _.A. Serious diseases are related to global warming.B. Global warming may increase insect population.C. Some insect species may be gone for ever.D. Many insect species will have to adapt to new environment.提示B.关键词是：rise, temperature, increase, number of insects 练习2Now another American education icon(标志) may be disappearing: the hardbound(硬皮的)textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic one. Electronic textbooks are usually accessed either through an online server or are downloaded to student laptops. 2. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. More and more schools are using e-books instead of textbooks.B. E-books will help students prepare for college and the workplace.C. The idea of using e-books in popular with students as well as teachers.D. E-books are different from the textbooks.提示A。本段共三句话，第一句说：传统的硬皮说将消失；第二句说：新的电子书将被越来越多的学校采用；第三句说电子书的来源。综合一、二两句得出答案是A。通信地址：湖北省罗田县三里畈高中教科室 438621 杨 波联系电话：0713-5684378（办） 5683383（宅） 13971744486