广东省深圳市中考英语总复习 第十一章 构词法课件

英语的构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、混成法、截短法和词首字母缩略法。考点一考点一：变名词的词缀为-er，-or，-ian，ist，-man，-tion，-ment，-ess考点二考点二：变反义词的词缀为dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，non-，un-，less-考点三考点三：变形容词的词缀为-ful，-ly，-y，-ed，-ous，-al，-ing，-en，-able考点四考点四：形容词变为副词注意：注意：区分表示“人”的词缀1.从社会层次、地位、工作职务上来看 （1）加-er表示“人”，这类词泛指从事某项活动和职业的人。beginner driver teacher runner skier swimmer observer murderer passenger traveller owner learner lover worker printer gardener researcher （2）加-or表示“人”，这类词在多数情况下表示从事专业性较强的职业的人。如：doctor instructor tutor director collector （3）加-ist表示“人”；这类词在多数情况下表示事业有较高成就或较为特殊的人。如：artist pianist scientist physicist journalist dentist instrumentalist 2. 从性别上来看 通常加-er / -or多为“男性”，加-ess多为女性。如：waiter waitress actor actress instructor instructress lawyer lawyeress 3. 从主动、被动上来看，加-er / -or为主动，加-ee为被动。如：examiner examinee employer employee interviewer interviewee 4. 有时会直接用表示人的单词来构词，如-boy，-girl，-man，-woman。如： cowboy playboy salesgirl salesperson workman postman workwomen 三、合成词（三、合成词（Compound Words）class（班级）+ room（房间） classroom（教室）black（黑色的）+ board（木板） blackboard（黑板）note（记录）+ book（簿本） notebook（笔记簿）hide（躲藏）+ and（和）+ seek（寻找） hide-and-seek（捉迷藏）forget（忘记）+ me（我）+ not（不） forget-me-not 勿忘（我）草Jack（男孩名）+ in（在里面）+ the box（盒子） jack-in-the-box（玩偶箱）考点一 即学即练 二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.My father is a (work). 2.The book is very popular among the (visit). 3.We are amazed to see the (India) at the school gate. 4.The (post) is knocking at the door now. 5.Why do you want to be an (art) in the future? 6.The government is working hard to reduce the _(pollute). 7.The (advertise) are bad for the children.workervisitorsIndian posterartistpollutionadvertisment考点一 即学即练 8.You should think about the (difficult) in your study. 9.Can you tell me the (true)? 10.Thank you for your (kind). 11.The audience is excited at the_ (perform). 12.They want to be_ (science) when they grow up. 13.He is sure that he will succeed because of his _(confident). 14.Its my (please) to help you. 15. (fail) is the mother of success.difficultytruthkindnessperformancescientistsconfidenceplaesureFailure用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1. He was so _ (happy) that he began to cry.2. She felt _ (visible) in the crowd.3. Jim _ (like) running because he is too fat.4. Oh dear! It is _ (possible) to finish the work in such a short time.5. Lucy is so _ (careful) that she often makes mistakes.unhappyinvisibledislikesimpossiblecareless用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1. It is _ (cloud) tomorrow.2. How _ (luck) she is!3. She is a _ (love) girl.4. It is _ (help) to do some sports.5.Wed like to find a _ (comfort) room.6.To swim in the deep water is _ (danger).7.The sweater is _ (wool). It is made of wool.8. The Great Wall is in the _ (west) Beijing.9.It is our duty to protect the _ (person) information.cloudyluckylovelyhelpfulcomfortabledangerouswoolenwesternpersonal用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。10. We should be _ (act) in class.11. They are _ (frighten) to see the snake.12. We have an _ (interest) day.activefrightenedinteresting1.一般情况下，直接加-ly。如： immediately，slowly，quickly2.以y结尾的，变y为i再加-ly。如： luckily，happily，easily，healthily3.以e结尾的，一般不省略。但是truly，holly和duly例外。如： extremely，closely，completely，safely，politely4. 以ble / ple / tle结尾的，去e加-y。如： terribly，possibly，gently5. 以元音字母加l结尾的，仍然要加-ly。如： finally，carefully，really，specially