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第一节第一节 形容词形容词 形容词用于修饰名词，表示名词的特点和属性，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前，在句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。考点一：形容词的用法考点一：形容词的用法考点二：辨析以考点二：辨析以ing和和ed结尾的形容词结尾的形容词1. 作定语：放在被修饰的名词之前，但若被修饰的词是something，anything等不定代词时，形容词要后置。如： a clever boy something special 2. 作表语：放在be动词或系动词之后。如：The flower is beautiful. 常见的接形容词作表语的系动词有：一似乎 （seem），二保持（keep，stay），三变化（become，get，turn），五感官 （feel，sound，look，smell，taste）。如：He seems angry. You must keep healthy. Her face turned red. This kind of cloth feels very soft.The flower smells sweet.3. 作宾语补足语：放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep，find，feel，think等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed when you do eye exercises. The sad movie made me sad.4.“Its + adj. + of + sb. + to do sth.”表示“某人做某事怎么样”。用于此句型的形容词多为kind，nice，polite，clever等形容词，形容人的主观情感、性格、品质、态度等。如：Its kind of him to help me. 5. “Its + adj. + for + sb. + to do sth.”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 用于此句型的多为difficult，easy，dangerous，pleasant等描述事物客观情况的形容词。如： Its very important for us to learn English well. 6. 表示感情和情绪的形容词，如glad，happy，sorry，sad，thankful，pleased等，后面常接动词不定式。如：Im glad to see you here. Im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time. 以ing结尾的形容词表示“令人”，以ed结尾的形容词表示 “感到”。如：You will be excited by our exciting performance.amazing amazed exciting excited disappointing disappointed surprising surprised interesting interested 一、用一、用of或或 for填空。填空。1. Its rude _ people to say something like that.2. It is necessary _ us to have a balanced diet and plenty of exercise to keep our body healthy.3. It is useful _ the students to have a computer at home.4. It is kind _ the policeman to send me home.二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1. The boy is _ to watch the _ boxing match.(excite)2. The students were _ at the _ news.(disappoint)offorforofexcitedexcitingdisappointeddisappointing二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。3. We felt _ at the _ news.(surprise)4. Mary is _ in Chinese paintings. She thinks they are _.(interest)5. The homework has been _. Im _, so I go to bed.(tire)6. We spent a very _ evening last night. We really felt _.(bore)7. The man looked _ when he saw the _ tiger.(frighten)8. The _ film made us _.(amaze)surprisedsurprisinginterestedinterestingtiringtiredboringboredfrightenedfrighteningamazingamazed第二节第二节 副词副词 考点一：副词的用法考点一：副词的用法考点二：副词的分类考点二：副词的分类考点三：考点三：“足够足够以至于以至于”的表达的表达考点四：形容词转为副词的变化规律考点四：形容词转为副词的变化规律考点五：形容词与副词词形与词义的对比考点五：形容词与副词词形与词义的对比考点六：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点六：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1. 副词用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句 （修饰全句时副词可放在句首或句末）。2. 副词的位置：一般放在动词之后；但always，often，never等放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前。如： As students, we should study hard. Amy is often late for school. This often makes our teacher angry. 1. 按其语法作用可分为四类。 （1）疑问副词：用于构成特殊疑问句，如where，when，why，how等。 （2）连接副词：用于引导宾语从句等，如when，where，why，how等。 （3）关系副词：用于引导定语从句并在句中作状语，如when，where，why等。 （4）普通副词：除以上三类副词外的其他副词都属于此类。2. 按其词义可分为四类。 （1）时间副词，如ago，before，recently等。 （2）地点副词，如away，there，outside等。 （3）方式副词，如carefully，slowly，successfully等。 （4）程度副词，如much，hardly，very，greatly等。1.（1）形容词 / 副词 + enough 足够如： old enough loudly enough （2）形容词 / 副词 + enough to do sth. 足够可以做某事 如： Her hair is long enough to tie back. （3）形容词 / 副词 + enough for sb. to do sth. 足够以至于某人可以做某事 如： The desk is light enough for me to carry. 2. not enough to do sth. = too to do sth. 不足够做某事；太而不能做某事 如：The boy is not old enough to work. = The boy is too young to work. = The boy is so young that he cant work. 1.一般是在形容词词尾加-ly。如： slow slowly beautiful beautifully2.以辅音字母加le结尾的词，去e加-y。如： terrible terribly gentle gently3.以“元音字母 + 辅音字母 （l除外） + e”结尾的形容词，直接在词尾加-ly。如： wide widely brave bravely polite politely4. 以字母y结尾的形容词变为副词有两种情况： （1）y发短元音i时，应变y为i，再加-ly。如： easy easily happy happily （2）y发双元音ai时，则应直接加-ly。如： dry dryly shy shyly5. 其他形式。如： full fully true truly1.以ly结尾的形容词有friendly，lovely，likely，daily，weekly，ugly，lively，lonely等。2.有些形容词加了-ly后，意思和词义是不同的。high 高的highly 高度地deep 深的deeply 深深地late 迟的lately 最近wide 宽的widely 广泛地close 近的closely 仔细地hard 努力的，难的hardly 几乎不just 刚才justly 公正地most 很，最mostly 大多数near 附近nearly 几乎3.有些单词兼作形容词和副词的词，既具有形容词词性，又具有副词词性。单词单词形容词词义形容词词义副词词义副词词义well身体好很好地fast快的快地late迟的迟nearby附近的在附近high高的高hard硬的，困难的努力地early早的早地loud大声的大声地straight直的直地，直接地pretty漂亮的相当1.构成规则 （1）单音节词的比较级加-er，最高级加-est （以e结尾的词只加-r构成比较级，加-st构成最高级）。如： tall taller tallest nice nicer nicest （2）以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词改y为i，再加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。如： happy happier happiest dirty dirtier dirtiest （3）以重读闭音节结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的单词，先双写最后一个字母再加-er，-est。如： big bigger biggest wet wetter wettest 特殊的词：real more real most real （4）多音节词和部分双音节词，在原级前分别加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如： slowly more slowly most slowly tired more tired most tired dangerous more dangerous most dangerous （5）特殊变化 形容词最高级前通常要带有定冠词the，但如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词等修饰时，the要省略；副词最高级前的the可省略。原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / badly / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther（距离更远）farthest（距离最远）further（程度更深，更进一步）furthest（最大程度）oldolder（年纪更大的）oldest（年纪最大的）2.常用句型 （1）两者相等即A=B时，可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词或副词原级 + as + B”。如： I am as tall as Kelly. He can run as fast as his brother.注意：注意：as + 形容词原级 + as = the same + 名词 + as如：as old as = the same age as 一样大（年龄）as tall as = the same height as 一样高as heavy as = the same weight as 一样重 （2）两者不等即A B时，可用句型“not as / so + 形容词或副词原级 + as”或“A + 谓语动词 + 形容词或副词比较级 + than + B”。如： I think Maths is not as / so interesting as English. = I think Maths is less interesting than English. = I think English is more interesting than Maths.注意：注意：比较级前可用a little，a bit，a lot，much，far，even，still等修饰。3.表示“A是B的倍”时，可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词原级 + as + B”或“A + 谓语动词 + 倍数 + 比较级 + than + B”。如： Our school is four times as big as theirs. = Our school is three times bigger than theirs. 4. 表示“越来越”时，用“形容词或副词比较级 + and +形容词加副词比较级”。如： He is becoming taller and taller. She is getting more and more beautiful. 注意注意：此结构多与get和become的进行时或turn的一般现在时连用。5.表示“越，就越”时，用“the + 比较级，the+比较级”。如： The busier she is, the happier she feels. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get. 6.表示“两者中较的一个”时，可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + the + 比较级 + of the two ”。如： He is the taller of the two boys. She is the cleverer of the twins. 7.三者或三者以上比较时，可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + the + 最高级 + of / in / among + 比较范围”。如： It is the most interesting book of all. He is the tallest in his class / among those three boys. 8. 表示“最的之一”时，可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”。如： Escape Plan is one of the most popular bands.9. 表示“第几的事物”时，可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 名词”。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 10.比较级的形式表示最高级的含义时，可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词”或“A + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + the other + 复数名词”。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia. （同范围比较） = China is larger than the other countries in Asia. 注意：注意：不同范围比较时，不用other。如： China is larger than any country in Africa. = China is larger than all the counties in Africa. 用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Have a nice time, dear, and drive _ (careful).2.Beijing is a _ (large) city than Hong Kong.3.I can work out the problem _ (easy).4.Of the two girls, Linda is _ (nice).5.Who jumped _ (far) of all in the long jump?6.Im _ (true) sorry to bother you.7.Computer is _ (wide) used in the world.8.Which is _ (strong), a tiger, an elephant or a lion?9.Im 2 months _ (young) than you.10.It is just as _ (cold) today as it was yesterday.carefullylargereasilynicerthe farthesttrulywidelythe strongestyoungercold
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