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英语总复习语法系列训练英语总复习语法系列训练状语从句导学状语从句导学一、状语从句概说一、状语从句概说1、在句中作状语用的从句叫状语从句。、在句中作状语用的从句叫状语从句。2、状语从句可修饰谓语，非谓语动词、状语从句可修饰谓语，非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。定语、状语或整个句子。 3、引导状语从句的一般为连词，也可有、引导状语从句的一般为连词，也可有词组。词组。 4、状语从句可以在句首，也可在句中或、状语从句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。句末。 5、状语从句按其用途可有时间、地点、状语从句按其用途可有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、比原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等九种。较等九种。6、状语从句中的将来时，一般不用将来、状语从句中的将来时，一般不用将来时。（一般将来时用一般现在时、将时。（一般将来时用一般现在时、将来完成时用现在完成时、过去将来时来完成时用现在完成时、过去将来时用一般过去时、过去将来完成时用过用一般过去时、过去将来完成时用过去完成时表示。去完成时表示。) 二、重二、重 点点 1、时间状语从句、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly hadwhen, scarcely had when, no sooner had than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，例如：等，例如：Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.My sister came directly she got my message.Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. 如果把如果把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：要倒装，如： No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted. (She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted.)2、地点状语从句、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词有引导地点状语从句的连词有where, wherever (no matter where) 等，例如：等，例如： Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我我住的地方树很多。住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。不管我在哪里我都会想到你。Bamboo grows well where it is warm and wet.You may go wherever you like.有时，有时，- where构成的复合词也可以引导地构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：点状语从句，如：Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.Well go anywhere the Party directs us.3、原因状语从句、原因状语从句(1) 引导原因状语从句的连词有引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now that(2) because, since, as, for 用法比较：用法比较：一）一）. because: 语气最强，回答语气最强，回答why时用时用because，所表示所表示的是直接理由，因果关的是直接理由，因果关系不能同系不能同so连用。连用。 Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.二）二）. since: “既然既然.” 表对方已知的事实或理表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。由，常放在句首。 Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.三）三）. as: “由于由于.” 语气较弱，较口语化，表语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。 As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.四）四）. for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for不能放在句首。不能放在句首。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.4、条件状语从句、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词有：引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。 注意注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配祈使句后面要搭配and，如：，如： Come tomorrow, and I will tell you. Persevere and you will succeed. Give him an inch and hell take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, hell take a mile. )但但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或或otherwise， 如：如：Make up your mind, or youll miss the chance.Start at once, or / otherwise youll miss the train. (= If you dont start at once, ) (= Unless you start at once, youll miss the train.)5、目的、结果状语从句、目的、结果状语从句 （1）引导目的状语从句的连词有）引导目的状语从句的连词有so that, in order that; 引导结果状语从句的连词有引导结果状语从句的连词有so.that, such.that（2）.so that., in order that.引导目引导目的状语从句时，从句中常有的状语从句时，从句中常有can, could, may, might, would（3）so + 形容词形容词/副词副词/分词分词 + that引导结果引导结果状语从句状语从句 such + (形容词形容词) + 名词名词 + that引导结果状引导结果状语从句语从句 He worked so hard that he made great progress. The book is so interesting that I have read it twice. （4）such + a/an +形容词形容词+单数可数名词单数可数名词+ that引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句 so +形容词形容词+ a/ an +单数可数名词单数可数名词+ that引引导结果状语从句导结果状语从句 注意：只有单数可数名词才有这两种表达注意：只有单数可数名词才有这两种表达方式。方式。 Its such a fine day that we all want to go outing. = Its so fine a day that we all want to go outing.（5）如果修饰名词的形容词为）如果修饰名词的形容词为many, few, much, little时，前面则用时，前面则用so，例如：，例如： so many +名词名词+ that ； so few +名词名词+ that so much +名词名词+ that ； so little +名词名词+ that 比较：比较： so many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / little money such rapid progressso many people such a lot of peopleThere were so many people in the bus that I could hardly move.She put so much butter and sugar in the cake that I didnt dare to eat too much. 6、让步状语从句、让步状语从句 （1）引导让步状语从句的连词有：）引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)（2）whoever, whatever, whichever还可引导还可引导名词从句。而名词从句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引导让步状语从句只能引导让步状语从句 He didnt want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him. = He didnt want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him. Ill give the books to whoever needs them. 由由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但引导让步从句。但as一般一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（于句首。（though, that与与as一样，也可以一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：用于这种结构），如下面几种情况： 表语的倒装：表语的倒装： Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Tall as / though he was, he couldnt reach the top shelf. 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语）等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. 谓语动词的倒装：谓语动词的倒装： Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness.7、方式状语从句、方式状语从句1、方式状语从句通常由、方式状语从句通常由 as, as if, as though 来引导，如：来引导，如： You must do the exercises as I show you. Please do exactly as your doctor says. He acted as / though nothing had happened. He walked as if he was / were drunk. Mary was behaving as though she hadnt grown up.2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way (that) (= as = in the way in which), how, like等来引导，如：等来引导，如： Jean doesnt do it the way I do. She is doing her work the way I like it done. You can do the job how you like.The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.Do you make bread like you make cakes? 8、比较状语从句、比较状语从句1）比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词）比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。 原级：原级： as as not so / as as 比较级比较级: 比较级比较级+ than 最高级：最高级： 最高级最高级+in / of / among 2） no more than 和和 not more than no more than - only 只不过，仅仅只不过，仅仅(嫌嫌少的含义少的含义) not more than -less than 不多于，不不多于，不到（说明客观事实）到（说明客观事实） His education added up to no more than one year. (only one year,太短了，有感情色彩太短了，有感情色彩) They finished the project in not more than one year. (less than one year, 不到一年，只说明不到一年，只说明客观事实，没有感情色彩客观事实，没有感情色彩)3）两者中）两者中 “较较.的一个用的一个用the + 比较级比较级 The younger of the twin sisters is more consideration三、难点与易错点三、难点与易错点 1、as, when, while 的用法与区别：的用法与区别： when: 引导状语从句，表示主句、从句的动作引导状语从句，表示主句、从句的动作或状态同时、之前、之后发生。或状态同时、之前、之后发生。 When they arrived, it was already midnight 从句和主句的动作同时发生，可用从句和主句的动作同时发生，可用as，但，但不可用不可用while，因为，因为arrived是非延续的动词是非延续的动词 When the clock struck eleven, all the lights went out. 从句的动作在主句之前发生。只能用从句的动作在主句之前发生。只能用when。 When he ran to the stop, the bus had gone. 从句动作在主句动作之后发生，只可用从句动作在主句动作之后发生，只可用when。、when = and then,作并列连词，连接作并列连词，连接两个分句两个分句,when前通常有逗号。意为前通常有逗号。意为“这时这时. 就在这时就在这时.“ I was wandering in the street, when suddenly I caught sight of one of my old friends. while 、while意思是意思是during the whole of the time that,指在一段时间里，所引导的指在一段时间里，所引导的从句中的动词是延续性的，可译为从句中的动词是延续性的，可译为“在在.期间，期间， 在在.之时之时” She visited a lot of places while she stayed in U.S. He felt asleep while he was watching TV.、while可用作并列连词，连接两个分句，可用作并列连词，连接两个分句，表表“对比，不同对比，不同”。中文常备翻译为。中文常备翻译为“而而.” My son likes to watch boxing games while I would rather listen to music.as多用于动作发生时间较短时，常有多用于动作发生时间较短时，常有“正正当当.之时之时”之意之意 She fell of the bus as she got down. 表表“边边边边”或或“随着随着.”之意时常之意时常用用as He whistled as he rode on. As time went on, he became less active. as表表 “由于由于.” 引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句 Im not going out as I have a lot to do. as用于表用于表“虽然虽然”的倒装句中。的倒装句中。 Young as she is, she is already a professor. Child as he is, he knows a lot.2、since的用法：的用法：since表从过去某一时间或动作、事情起表从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止，到目前为止，“自自.以以 来来”、引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时、引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时（或现在完成进行时）时，从句中用一（或现在完成进行时）时，从句中用一般过去时。般过去时。 Ive been living here since I came to Beijing. .、常用句型：、常用句型： it is (has been).+ since +一般过去时一般过去时 It is five years since I began to learn English.3、until与与till的用法与区别：的用法与区别：、until/ till 修饰的谓语动词为延续性动修饰的谓语动词为延续性动词。在句首时多用词。在句首时多用until. Lets wait till / until the rain stops Until then, I knew nothing at all about it.、主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，应、主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，应用用 not.until.句型句型 She didnt come back until this morning. not.until的倒装句和强调句。的倒装句和强调句。 He didnt stop until he had finished all his work 倒装句倒装句: Not until he had finished all his work did he stop. 强调句强调句: It was not until he had finished all his work that he stopped.
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