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直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语人称时态句型一、变人称一、变人称 ： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主一随主” ：是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化主句中主语的人称变化. .She said. “ My brother and I wants to go shopping ”. She said her brother and she wanted to go shopping .“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外主句没有宾语。一致。如果引号外主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称也可以用第一人称. . He said to Kate. “ How is your sister now? ” He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：变化如： Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr Smith said Jack was a good boy. 二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：1) 一般现在时一般现在时一般一般过去时态；过去时态； She said: “ I am a student. ” She said (that) she was a student.2)一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时 She said, He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend。3) 现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时；过去进行时； She said ,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book. 一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时注意：以下几种情况时态注意：以下几种情况时态 不变不变直接引语是客观真理直接引语是客观真理 / 习惯性动作习惯性动作 The teacher said The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Jack said. I was born on April 2l, 1980. Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：变（例：could, should, would, might） The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 和已经是过去时的形式时和已经是过去时的形式时， 例：例： ought to， had better, used to Peter said. You had better come here today. Peter said I had better go there that day.三、如何变状语：三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语时间状语由由“现在现在”改为改为“原来原来”（例：（例：now变为变为then, yesterday变为变为 the day before today变为变为 that day He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” He said he wanted to go swimming then.地点状语地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，尤其表示方向性的， here 变变 there The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” The teacher said I should go there at 7:00.指示代词指示代词修饰的状语，由修饰的状语，由“此此”改为改为“彼彼” 例：例：this 改为改为that He said, This books is mine.“ He said that book was his. nowthentodayThat daytonightThat nightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThe day beforelast nightThe night beforetomorrowThe next/following daynext The next/following 直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：直接引语中动词直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用在间接引语中用go:直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：this变为变为that; these变为变为those本来就是本来就是that/those则不变。则不变。四、如何变句型：四、如何变句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导 的宾语从句。 She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“ She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句， 间接引语应改为由间接引语应改为由 whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句. He said, Can you swim, John?“ He asked John if he could swim.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序陈述句语序）。 She asked me, When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner.1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise I1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow
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