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人教版八年级上册英语知识点Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Where did you go on vacation?谈论假期生活，一般过去时How often do you exercise?谈论生活习惯，一般现在时 rm more outgoi ng than my sister谈论事物比照，形容词比较级Whats the best movie theater?谈论事物比较，形容词最高级Unit5Unit6Unit7Unit8Unit9Uni t10Will people have robots?对将来生活的预言，一般将来时）How do you make a banana milk shake?描述进程，祈使句）Can you come to my party?学习邀请，作出、接受和拒绝邀请，学习表请求的句子If you go to the party, youll have a作出决定e（学习if的条件状语从句）Do you wa nt to watch a game show?谈论内心想法，一般现在时I m going to study computer scien（谈谈生活的目标，一般将来时） 复习一般过去时 复合不定代词的用法 反身代词的用法 系动词的用法 动词后的to do和doing的区别 ed形容词和ing形容词的区别 近义词”的区别 本单元中的主谓一致现象 动词过去式的构成及不规则动词表 用同义短语转换同义句时谓语动词形式一致性的培养。（11）感慨句的结构和连词的选择。Un it1Where did you go on vacati on?单词anyone e niw ?any where e niwe ?(r) adv.任何地方 n.任何(一个)地方 wonderful w ?nd?fl adj.精彩的；极好的 few fju ?most m?st adj.最多的；大多数的；something s ?m0 ? pron某事物；nothing (二not anything) n?0?myself ma ?every one evriw ?n pron.每人； 人人 yourself j ?self pron.你自己；你亲自 hen hen n.母鸡；雌禽bored b?/d adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的 diary da ?i n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary) seem s?m vi.似乎；好似some one s?mw?n pron.某人； 有人quite a few相当多；不少(后接可数名词)of course ?vk?当然activity ?kt 3/?ti n.活动；活跃decide d?sa?i v.决定； 选定(decide to do sth.)try tra ? v.尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.) bird b ?/d n.鸟；禽paragliding p?r ?(ja?d?bicycle ba ?s?building b ?d?trader tre ?d?(r) n.商人；商船wonder w ?nd?(r) v.惊奇；想知道；疑心differenee d fr?ns n.差异；不同top t?p n.顶部；顶wait we 旬 v.等； 等待(wait for)umbrella ?mbrel ? n.伞；雨伞wet wet adj.湿的；雨天的below b ?l ?as ?z conj.如同；像.一样enough ?n?f adj.足够的adv.足够地；充分地duck d ?k n.鸭肉；鸭hungry(反 full) h ? g ri adj.饥饿的；渴望的feel like(doing sth.)想要dislike d?sla* v.不喜欢；厌恶n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感重点短语1. go on vacation 去度假2. stay at home 待在家里3. go to the mountains 去爬山4. go to the beach 去海滩5. visit museums 参观博物馆6. go to summer camp去参加夏令营7. quite a few相当多8. study for为而学习9. go out 出去10. most of the time 大部分时间11. taste good 尝起来很好吃12. have a good time 玩得高兴13. of course 当然14. feel like给的感觉；感受到15. go shopping去购物16.in the past 在过去17. walk around 四处走走18. because of 因为19. one bowl of 碗20. the next day 第二天21. drink tea 喝茶22. find out 找出； 查明23. go on 继续24. take photos照相25. something important 重要的事26. up and down 上上下下27. come up 出来28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物29. taste + adj. 尝起来30. look+adj. 看起来31. nothingbut动词原形除了之外什么都没有32. seem+to be+ adj.看起来33. arrive in+ 大地点 / arrive at+ 小地点 到达某地34. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事35. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 /36. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事37. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 /38. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事39. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事40. want to do sth. 想去做某事41. start doing sth. 开始做某事42. stop doing sth. 停止做某事43. dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事44. keep doi ng sth.继续做某事45. Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做呢？46. so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于47. tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快三、重点句子：1. Where did you go on vacatio n?你去哪儿度假的？2. Long time no see.好久不见。3. Did you go any where in terest in g?你去有趣的地方了吗？4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.大多数时间我只呆在家里看书和放松。5. Everythi ng was excelle nt.切都很棒。6. I bought somethi ng for my father.我给我爸爸买了些东西。7. How did you like it ？你觉得它怎么样？8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚槟城。9. For lun ch, we had someth ing very special.午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。10. but many of the old buildings are still there.但是许多旧的建筑物还在那里。11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。12. And because of the bad weather , we couldn t see anything below.并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。语法：复合不定代词或副的构成及用法构成：由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词；加上 -where构成副词。用法：1合成不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语等。2不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.There is nothing wrong with the TV . Everybody likesreadi ng.3some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中；any-不定代词则多用于否认句、疑问句中。但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定答复时的疑问句中Some one is calli ng me.There isn t anyone else there.Is an ybody over there?Could you give me someth ing to eat?4形容词修饰不定代词时，通常要放在不定代词之后。There is someth ing delicious on the table.5somewhere, any where, no where, everywhere 用作副词。Flowers come out everywhere.注： 形容词修饰不定代词要后置：anything special不定代词做主语时谓语用单厂稳固练习：用不定代词或不定副词填空：1.1 can t hear anything =anchear.2. There ison the floor. Please pick it up.3. Didgo to play basketball with you ?4. I phoned you last ni ght, butan swered it.5. Maybeput my pencil. I can t find it .单项选择1. No onehow to do it. A.k nowB. knows C. knowing D. knew2. EverythingOK, isn t it?A. was B. are C. and D. is3. There sin the newspaper. You should read it.A. importa nt somethi ngB. somethi ng bori ngC. bori ng somethi ngD. someth ing importa nt.1. arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.（翻译）arrive为不及物动词，意为,arrive in到达+大地方国家 省 市arrive at到达+小地方机场 商店等）get to到达+地方reach到达+地方The SmithsNew York at 8:00 last night.A.arrived at B. got to C.reachD.arrived2. so we decided to go to the beach n ear our hotel.(翻译)3. decide为及物动词，意为决定，决心。决定做某事： .4. My sister and I tried paragliding.翻译try to do s而意为;try doing sth. 意We shouldn t try(study) English, we should try(study) English.5.1 felt like I was a bird.( 翻译).feel like |意为 常接.另外feel like还意为Do you feel like a cup of tea?6.1 wonder what life was like here in the past. 翻译wonder |为及物动词，意为 想知道”后常接疑问词who, what, why)引导的从句I wonderyou are doing.(我想知道你正在做什么。)6. What a differenee a day makes!感慨句，结构为 What +名词+主语+谓语！补充：7. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.为等候，后接人或物。太多，后接可数名词复数；+不可数名词money; 太后接形容词或副词big8 .My father did n t bring eno ugh mon ey.Eno ugh后可接，其形式分别为; 。(1) want to do sth.想要做某事 want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 would like to do sth.想要做某事(2) decide to do sth.决定做某事(5) decide on 决定某事课后练习、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I didn t find ( someone ) there.2. Is there ( something ) important in today s newspaper?3. Look! There is ( anybody ) at home. The light is on.4. Amy ( meet ) a famous actor yesterday.5. There ( be ) forty-five students in our class last term.6. Miss Green ( come ) to China in 2008.7. Little Tom ( be ) here a moment ago.8. She ( buy ) a new bag yesterday.二、单项选择( )1. you to the movies？ Yes, I did.A. Did went B. Did go C. Are went( )2. How was your weekend? Great! We a picnic in the park. A. haveB. has C. had ()3. Mrs Green with her little daughter at home that rainy night.A. was on B. were on C. was at ( )4. - Who told you to clean the windows?-Miss Wang A. toldB. did C. has told ( )Yes, I yesterday.5. Do you always to the zoo?A. go go B. go wentC. went go ( )6. there any koalas in the zoo last year? No, thereA. Are aren t B. Were wasn t C. Were weren t ()7. Did you go with ? Yes, I did.A. someoneB. anyone C. somebody ( )8. Did you buy special? No, I didn t.A. somethingB. some things C. anything三、句型转换1 Lucy played computer games yesterday.( 改为一般疑问句 ) Lucy computer games yesterday?2 We went to the Palace Museum.( 对划线部分提问 ) you ?3 There was someone here just now. 改为否认句 4 She played volleyball just now. 改为否认句 She 5 volleyball just now. They ate a lot of ice cream.（ 对划线部分提问 ） they ?6 My vacation was pretty good.（ 对划线部分提问 ） your vacation?Monday, July 15thI arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. My sister and I tried paragliding. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting!For lunch, we had something very specialMalaysian yellow noodles. They were delicious! In the afternoon, we rode bicycles to Georgetown. There are a lot of new buildings now, but many of the old buildings are still there. In Weld Quay, a really old place in Georgetown, we saw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago. I wonder what life was like here in the past. I really enjoyed walking around the town.Tuesday, July 16thWhat a different a day makes! My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train. We waited over and hour for the train because there were too many people. When we got to the top, it was raining really hard. We didn t have an umbrella so we were wet and cold. It was terrible. And because of the bad weather, we couldn t see anything below. My father didn t bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice asome fish. The food tasted great because I was so hungry!不规则动词过去式：am, is-wasare-were,do-did,see-saw,say-saidgive-gaveget-got,go-wentcome-camehave-had,eat-atetake-tookrun-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-maderead-read,write-wrotedraw-drewdrink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-sweptbuy-bought,swim-swam,sit-sat,bring-brought,can-could,cut-cutbecome-became,begin-began,draw-drewfeel-feltfind-foundforget-forgothear-heardkeep-keptknow-knew,learn-learnt learned leave-left,let-let,lose-lost,meet-met,read-read,sleep-slept,speak-spoke,take-tookteach-taught ,tell-told,wake-wokeUn it2 How ofte n do you exercise?单词housework ha ?sw?hardly h a?i adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚ever ev?(r) adv.曾经；在任何时候once w? ns adv.次；曾经twice twa ?s adv.两倍；两次In ternet ?program pr ? g r?m n.节目；程序；课程；节目单full f ?l adj.满的；充满的；完全的swing sw? n摇摆；秋千v.摇摆；旋转maybe me?Di adv.或许；也许；可能swing dance 摇摆舞least li ?t adj.最小的；最少的at least 至少hardly ever很少；几乎从不；难得junk n.垃圾；废旧杂物coffee k ?fi n.咖啡；咖啡色health hel0健康;人的身体或精神状态result r ?z?lt.结果；后果percent p ?sent adj.百分之的on li ne ? nla ?television tel ?v?i n.电视机；电视节目although ?e? conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是through 0 Jiprep.穿过；凭借；一直到body b ?mind ma ?nd.头脑；想法；意见；心思such s?t? adj.这样的；如此的together t ? g ee?(r) adv共同；一起die da? v.死；枯竭；消失writer ra ?:?(r) n.作者；作家dentist dent ?magazine m? g ?zi?however ha?ev?(r) adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么 almost ?m ?st adv.几乎；差不多none n?n pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无less les adj.更少的；较少的point p?it n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数 such as例如；诸如junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常less tha n不至少于help with housework 帮助做家务how often 多久一次on weekends 在周末 hardly ever 几乎从不 twice a mon th每月两次every day 每天go to the movies 去看电影swing dance 摇摆舞stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚be free 有空use the In ternet用互联网play tennis 打网球at least 至少once a week 每周一次be good for 对有好处notat all 一点儿也不 the most popular 最受欢送的have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动go camping去野营in one s free time在某人的业余时间such as 比方；诸如 go to the den tist 去看牙医old habits die hard积习难改more tha n 多于；超过less tha n 少于help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事How about? 怎么样？want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事How man y+可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句？ 有多少spe nd time with sb.和某人一起度过时光It s+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的的。ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事by doi ng sth.通过做某事What s your favorite?你最喜爱的是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式三.重点语法(一)重点句型1. What do you usually do on weeke nds? 1 ofte n go to the movies.(1) on weekends/on the weekend 在周末(2) go to the movies 去看电影(3) 第一个do助动词第二个do实意动词2. hardly ever几乎从不hardly ever相当于hardly, ever起强调作用。hardly为副词，意为 几乎不没有”相当于almost not，本身具有否认含义，不能再使用其他否认?词。E.g. She hardly eats anything.辨析：hardly和hard hard作形容词，意为 困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；hard作副词，意为努力地，猛烈地”hardly意为几乎不”(1) The ground is too to dig(2) I can understand them.(3) Its raining ,the people can go outside.3. -How ofte n do you watch TV?-Twice a week.(1) how often意为 多久一次，多长时间一次 ”用来提问频率。twice a week 一周两次拓展:一次 once 两次 twice三次或三次以上基数词 + times three times four times4. Whats your favorite program? = What program do you like best?你最喜欢的节目是什么？5. How come?怎么回事？怎么会？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词 why。但how come开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。How come you did nt tell me about it? = Why you did nt tell me about it?6. I go to the movies maybe once a mon th. 我也许一个月去看一次电影。maybe副词，意为或许，大概，可能”常位于句首。E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park.辨析：maybe 与 may bemaybe 副词，作状语，意为 “或许，大概，可能 ”，常位于句首may be 属于 “情态动词 +be 动词”结构，意为 “可能是 ”。(1) The baby is crying she is hungry.(2) The woman a teacher.7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.ask ab. about sth. 询问某人某事8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. 我们都知道 许多学生经常上网，但是让我们感到惊讶的是 90% 的学生每天都上网，而另外 10% 的学生一周至少 上网达三至四次。(1) other: adj. 其他的 +名词the other: adj. 其他的 +名词 (在特定的范围内 )one,the other, 一个 , 另一个E.g. One of them is blue ， the other ones are purple. 它们的其中一个是蓝色的，其他的是紫色的。others: 其他的东西 the others: 其他的东西 ( 在特定的范围内 ) E.g. One of the children likes reading ， the others like singing.后句可替换为 the other students like singing.(2) at least 至少 at most 最多，至多E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most.9. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. 大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了写家庭作业。10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. 关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。the answers to our questions 问题的答案dance to the music 和着音乐的节奏跳舞key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目，但是娱乐节目是最流行的。12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过 锻炼来放松。(1) It s +adj.+to do S做某事,的E.g. It s very easy to learn English well.(2) by doing sth.通过做某事(3) the best way to do sth. is做某事的最好方式13. It is healthy for the mi nd and the body.这有益于身心健康。stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康14. Old habits die hard.旧习难改。(二)语法知识：频度副词1. 频度副词的含义(1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。常用的频度副词按高低依次为always usually sometimes seldom hadly ever n ever100%80%60%30%10%0%(2) 表示具体的频率、次数时，一次用once,两次用twice，三次或三次以上用 基数词+times表示：threetimes, four times, six times2. 频度副词在句中的位置(1 )频度副词一般在实意动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后E.g. We n ever eat junk food.Lucy is sometimes very busy.I can hardly say a word.(2)有些频度副词也可位于句首，但表示不同含义sometimes常位于句首，和位于句中区别不大。E.g. Sometimes Jack plays computer games.often用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有 quite，very修饰E.g.Very ofte n he goes on li ne.Usually也可位于句首，其前不用修饰语。E.g. Usually my father goes up early.Always 一般不用于句首，但可以用在祈使句中。E.g. Always remember this.3. 对频度副词提问时，用 how ofte nE.g. -How ofte n do you go to the movies?-Once a monthUnit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.单词outgoing a ?t g ?loudly la ?dli adv.大声地；高声地；花俏地quietly kwa ?li adv.安静地；悄悄地；平静地 hard-working h adw ? adj.勤勉的；努力工作的 competition ?k? mp?t?n n.竞争；比赛 fantastic f?nt?st ?c adj.极好的；了不起的 which adj.哪一个；哪一些 pron.哪一个；哪些 clearly kl ?i adv.清楚地；显然地 win w ?care about 关心talented t?l ?nt?d adj.有才能的；有天赋的 truly tru ?i adv.真实地；真诚地；正确地 care ke?(r) v.关心；担忧；照顾；在乎 serious s?i ?s adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的 mirror m ?(r) n.镜子；反映 necessary nes?s?ri adj.必要的；必然的 both b ?should ?旬aux.应该；可能；应当；将要touch t ?t? vt.触摸；感动reach ri ? v.到达；伸出；达成；取得联系；延伸；(伸手)去够 heart h a?n.心脏；内心fact f?kt n.事实；真相；实际break bre永v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断 laugh l af?v.发笑；笑；嘲笑n.笑声；笑；笑料similar s ?share 空?(r) vt.分享，共享；分配；共有loud la ?d adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地primary pra ?m?i adj.最初的，最早的be different from 和 不同in formatio n ? nf? me? n.信息；情报；资料；通知as long as 只要bring out拿出；推出the same as与.同样的in fact事实上；实际上；确切地说be similar to类似于；与相似重点短语1.more outgo ing更外向2.asas与一样3.the singing competiti on唱歌比赛4.be similar to与相像的/类似的5.the same as和相同；与一致6.be differe nt from与不同7.care about关心；介意8.be like a mirror像一面镜子9.the most importa nt最重要的10.as long as只要；既然11.bring out使显现；使表现出12.get better grades取得更好的成绩13.reach for伸手取14.in fact事实上；实际上15.make frie nds交朋友16.the other其他的17.touch one s heart感动某人18.be tale nted in music有音乐天赋19.be good at擅长20.be good with善于与相处21.have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣22.be good at doing sth擅长做某事23.make sb. do sth.让某人做某事24.want to do sth.想要做某事25.as+adj./adv.的原级 +as与一样26.It s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说，做某事 的。二.重点语法（一）重点句型萨姆和汤姆1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。both (1)表示 两者都” both用在含有be动词的句中，应放在be动词的后面；用在含有行为动 词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面，bothand表示 两者都” both.and在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等， 位置比较灵活。E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems.( 连接主语)The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)【考例】My parentsdoctors.A. both are B. all are C. are all D. are both拓展：all表示 三者或三者以上全都”的意思， every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)， each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。练习：用 all,both,every,each 填空1) My brothers and I arel at school.2) stude nt may have one book.3) Tom and Jim are my good frie nds.4) Three stude nts are flyi ng kites,they arein Class 1.2. Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。as.as意为 与一样”，as.as中间接形容词或副词的原级。其否认结构not as/so.as意为 不如”。E.g. He is as tall as his father.他和他爸爸一样高。Tom gets up as early as Jim.汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。Lucy isn t as outgoing as Mary.露西不如玛丽外向。注意： 其否认式为 not as/so +ad_i./adv. +as。E.g. This dict ionary is not as/so useful as you thi nk.(2)假设有修饰成分，女口 twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个 as之前。E.g.Your bag is twice as expe nsive as mi ne.你的包比我的贵一倍。3. You can tell that Lisa really wan ted to win, though.不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。win此处用作不及物动词，意为赢；获胜”Who won the race ?win还可用作及物动词，意为 赢得；在中获胜”此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争E.g. He won the first prize.辨析：win与beatbasketball game. beat表示 打赢；战胜”用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.though此处作副词，意为 不过；可是；然而”通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didn t, though.拓展：though作连词，意为 虽然；尽管”相当于although。E.g. Though he has no mon ey, he lives very happily.注意：although/though 与 but不能同时出现在一个句子中。E.g. Though he has no mon ey, he lives very happily.=He has no mon ey, but he lives very happily.3. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。(1) the most important意为 最重要的” 是important的最高级形式。important的比较级为 more important，形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词the。 E.g. I thinkEn glish is the most importa nt of all the subjects.The most important thing is to work hard.have fun意为获得乐趣；玩得高兴”E.g. It s a good place toenfun.拓展：have fun doing sth.意为 做某事很有趣”E.g. Did you have fun visit ing that country ？5truly cares about me.care about 关心，在意take care 留神take care of 照顾练习：用适当的词组填空1) Your mother trulyyou.2) He has tohis sister.3) not to fall in to the river.6. I thi nk a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。 make sb. do sth.意为 让某人做某事”clock.E.g. His father always makes him get up before five o拓展： make 的用法： make 加名词 make food 做饭 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱 make + sb./sth. + adj.使某人感到；使处于某种状态E.g. The soft music makes Tina sleepy. make sb./sth. + n.使某人成为 E.g. The party made her a good teacher. make sb./sth. +过去分词 让某人被E.g. I made myself understood by all the students. make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事 (不能带不定式符号 to)E.g. Wars make the peace go away.注意：当 make 用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号 to.E.g. We were made to work all night.I was made
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