资源描述
Unit 8 Honesty:Is it Going out of Style?The purpose of the text: to master the meaning and the using method of the new words; to master the phrases andthe main point of thetextThe important point of the text: the new words; the using of word groups.Background Informationv The text is from Senior Scholastic, Oct. 31, 1980v Author: Stacia Robbins, British writer.v In recent years, there are heated discussions in China about the issue of cheating in exams. Some people hold that cheating only exists in China because of the fierce academic competition, however, the fact is that cheating is also rampant in America. There are reports that some universities require the students to show their ID card when attending an exam, in order to prevent cheating.v In the text, the author shows her doubts: Is honesty going out of style? Or there are some other reasons? If the students are given sufficient trust, maybe they wont commit cheating. Trust may bring back honesty.NEW WORDSv Honesty :n. freedom from deceit, cheating, etc. 诚实v Style: n. fashion 时髦v Poll: n. survey of public opinion by putting questions to a representative selection of persons 民意测验v Admit: v. state or agree to the truth of; confess 承认，供认 Admission n. 2 / 25v Temptation: n. the act of tempting or being tempted 引诱；诱惑v Peek: vi. look (at sth.) quickly, esp. when one should not 偷看v behavio(u)r : n. way of behaving 行为 behave:v. v Indication: n. sign or suggestion 迹象v Competency: n. ability; being competent 能力；胜任 v Diploma: n. official paper showing that a person has successfully finished a course of study or passed an examination 文凭v Corresponding: a. matching 相应的v Criminal: a. of crimev misdemeano(u)r: n. crime that is less serious than, for example, stealing of murder 轻罪v Charge: n. accusation 指控v possess: n. have, own 占有，拥有v advance: a. made available before the date of general publication or release 预先的v regent: n. member of a governing board （学校董事会的）董事v drop: vt. give up; discontinue 放弃；革除v traditional: a. of or according to tradition 传统的v tradition: n. v requirement: n. sth. required; sth. demanded as a condition 要求；必要条件v prewritten: a. written beforehand; written in advance v psychology: n. science of the mind 心理学v psychological: a. v launch: vt. start, set going 发起；发动v campaign: n. series of planned activities for some special purpose 运动v file: vi. march or move in a line 排成纵队行进v exit: n. way out of a place 出口（处）v proctor: n. 临考人v ID card: n. identity card 身份证v dorm: n. (short for) dormitory 宿舍v mug: n. the face or mouth v shot: n. a single photographv mug shot: n. (sl.) photograph of a persons face, used for purposes of identification 面部照片v ringer: n. any person who pretends to be another 冒名顶替者v applaud: vt. praise esp. by striking ones hands to gether 拍手称赞v campus: n. university; the grounds of a university, college, or school 大学;校园v editorial: n. leading article 社论v arrest: vt. seize (sb.) in the name of the law 逮捕v speeder: n. person who drives an automobile at a higher speed than is lawful 违法超速驾驶者v intent: n. purpose; intention v frequently: ad. at short intervals, often 频繁地v overcharge: vt. charge too much 对.要价太高v customer: n. person who buys goods from a shop, esp. regularly 顾客v myth: n. 神话v unlike: prep. not like, different from v cherry: n. 樱桃v biographer: n. person who writes about another persons life 传记作家v ax(e): n. 斧子v character: n. mental or moral qualities that make one person, race, etc. different from others 性格，品质v moral: a. concerning principles of right of wrong 道德的v reinforce: vt. encourage of strengthen 加强v tax: n. 税，税款v clue: n. sth. that helps to find an answer to a question 线索v check-out: n. desk where one pays the bill of the goods one has chosen 结帐处v supermarket: n. large shop where one serves oneself with food and goods 超级市场v overnight: a. for or during the night 住一夜的；一整夜的v inn: n. small hotel 小旅馆，客栈v towel: n. 毛巾v vast: a. very big v numerous : a. manyv watch-dog: a. organized or acting as a watchful guardian, esp. against unlawful practice 起监督作用的v dishonesty: n. the quality of being dishonest v reveal: vt. make known 揭露v evidence: n. sign or proof 证据v ebb: vi. (of the tide) flow back from the land to the sea; grow less; become weak or faint 落潮；低落，衰退v flow: vi. (of the tide) come in; rise; run or spread smoothly （潮）涨；上升；流v incident: n. event; happening 事件v theft: n. (the act of, an instance of) stealing v tend: vi. have a tendency 易于，往往会v link: vt. join or connect 连接；联系v economy: n. 经济 v anyway: ad. at all; in any case 究竟；无论如何v tempt: vt. attract (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolish 引诱v system: n. 体制；制度v systematic: a.v distrust: n. lack of trust; mistrust 不信任，怀疑v contagious: a. tending to spread easily from person to person 传染的v out of style: no longer fashionable 过时的，不再流行v according to: as stated or shown by; in a way that agrees with 按照，根据v (be) faced with: 面对v be hard on: 对.过分严厉v on the rise: increasing steadily 在增长;在加剧v a case in point: a very good example 恰当的例子v all but: all except 除了.都v (be) different from: unlike, not the same as 与.不同v think of . as: regard as v in the case of: 就.来说,至于v come to: arrive at a particular state or position 变成(某种状态)v lie in: exist in 在于v on the other hand: from the opposed point of view 另一方面,反过来说v at ones best: in as good a state as possible 处于最佳状态v go up: rise; increase 上升;增加v go down: fall; decrease 下降;减少New Words and Expressions1.out of style & in style out of style: unfashionableExamples：a. The skirt has gone out of style.b. Honesty will never be out of style. 2. admit to: (formal) confess to; not denyExamples:Did the young man admit to taking these commodities without paying for them?Mrs. Cross admits to being easily annoyed.Mr. Smith admitted readily to a great liking for horror films.3. It can be argued such a response may not mean much: It can be argued (that) money may not bring you happiness.It can be argued (that) success in exams may not mean much.4.be faced with: be confronted with; meet face to faceExamples:Now we arc all faced with a very difficult situation.Faced with such a rival, he has little chance of winning.5. be hard on: be stern or strict with; be an unjust or unlucky burden onExamples:Dont be too hard on the child.Its hard on John, having to work when the rest of us are vacationing.6. behavior: (1) way of behavingExamples:His son won a prize for good behavior at school.I am surprised to witness his rude behavior to his mother.(2) the way a machine behavesExample:The new furnaces behavior is satisfactory.7. indication: (1) sign or suggestionExamples:There is not much indication that the draught will be over soon.The bed showed indications of being slept in. (2) pointing to or outExamples:We use different tones for the indication of different meanings.The indication of that arrow is that visitors should turn left here.8.on the rise: increasingExamples:The number of students in our school is on the rise.The sales volume of the new products has been on the rise since the manager advertised them on TV.9.corresponding: (1) matching Examples:The peace talk was held between corresponding officials in the two governments.The average temperature in July this year is 0.5 degree higher that in the corresponding period last year. (2) the same Examples:You win the lottery if you had chosen a number corresponding to the one published in the newspaper.The police found corresponding footprints outside the house where the murder took place.10. a case in point: a fit exampleExamples: An average student can be a top student with additional work. Cathy is a case in point.Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. A case in point is Chicago.10. charge:Examples:Services charges are not included in hotel rates.You can dial 1 - 890 numbers free of charge.11. possess: have; ownExamples: He was charged with possessing drugs.He lost all he possessed in the fire.The witch possessed magic powers.12. requirement: sth. needed or demandedExamples: There is a greater requirement for electricity in summer than in any other season.We will try our best to meet the requirements of our customers.Chinese, maths, and English are three major requirements in college entrance.ISO 9000 is a set of quality requirements.14. across the nation: throughout the country15. to do more than talk: to do something instead of just talking16. . launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating: . start a series of activities for stopping one form of cheating.launch: (1) start; set goingExamples: Truck drivers in France launched a strike for earlier retirement.The government launched an attack against corruption.(2) set a ship afloatExample: The First Lady was invited to launch the new ship.(3) set a rocket, missile, etc. in motionExamples: launch a satellite /rocket /missileIt is expensive to launch an astronaut into outer space.17. filed out of their exam: left the exam hall or room in a single file, i.e., one by one18. had a mug shot takenMug is a slangy word for face, for example:You have got an ugly mug.A mug shot is a photograph of a persons face used on the drivers license,university ID card, etc. A mug shot may also be taken by police for purposes of identification.19. like police arresting speeders:A speeder is one who drives faster than the posted speed limit. 20.arrest: (v.) seize (sb.) in the name of lawExamples: The police arrested the drunken driver three days after the accident.My neighbor was arrested on suspicion of having sent several mail bombs.20. the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word: the intension is not to catch all of the cheats, but to catch a sufficient number of them for the purpose of giving a warning to other students: if a few are caught, the other students will hear about it and be deterred from cheating.21. in the case of: so far as someone or something is concernedExamples: Poverty depressed most people; but in the case of my father (or: in my fathers case) it only urged him to work harder.We cant make an exception in the case of Mary.22. unlike: (prep.) & (a,) not like: different from Examples: Unlike his brother, John is very interested in poetry.it is unlike her to cry.The two movies are quite unlike though they depict the same period in history.23. fun stories: humorous stories read for amusementThe intent of fun stories is usually to entertain rather than to educate.24. moral(a.) concerning principles of right and wrongExamples: Moral standards change with time.A Godparent is supposed to be responsible for the Godchilds moral welfare.25. come to a bad end: come to some misfortune, esp. to an unpleasant death.Examples: You will surely come to a bad end (or: come to no good end) if you keep driving so carelessly.If you dont give up crime, youll come to a bad end.26. reinforce: strengthenExamples: More troops were sent to reinforce the fortress.Most modern buildings are made of reinforced concrete.The football team was reinforced by two foreign goalkeepers.27. clue: sth. that helps to find an answer to a question Examples: Holmes has found some clue to the mystery.28. lie in: exist in; be found inExamples: The cure for ignorance lies in education.Do you believe that Happiness lies in contentment“?29. overnight:(1) for or during the nightExamples: The bag contains things I will need when staying overnight at a hotel.This kind of bamboo can grow 20 centimeters taller overnight.30. . people need to know one another to be at their honest best.: . people need to know one another well if they are to treat one another as honestly as possible.Here the phrase at their honest best means at their best as far as honesty is concerned.at ones best: in ones best condition or stateExamples: He acted in all kinds of plays, but he was at his best in comedy.31 vast:32 (1) large in quantityExamples: He inherited a vast sum of money from his aunt.Look out! A vast swarm of bees are coming this way.numerous: many Examples: Numerous village and township enterprises have sprung up since 1978.Numerous stars were horn after the Big Bang.33. . could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?: .is it because we are becoming more skillful in revealing such dishonestyFurther examples: I am happy that you have come after all.I am afraid I have to decline your invitation. Not that I am unwilling to come. but that I have been very busy these days.reveal:(1) expose; make knownExamples: His wife did not reveal to the patient his hopeless condition.34. evidence: sign or proofExamples: The case was dropped for lack of evidence.35. incident: event; happeningExamples: In her book she told some interesting incidents on her visit to Africa.Even such an ordinary incident reveals greatness in his character.36. tend to: be apt to: have a tendency toExamples: Farmers tend to use more machinery now.Children tend to tike action movies.37. But it doesnt seem linked to the economy.: There seems to be no connection between cheating and the economy.Examples: The two incidents were already linked together in the newspapers.38.tempt: persuade (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolishExamples: The serpent tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.He was tempted into selling top military secrets to foreign intelligence agents.39. attractExamples: I feel tempted to eat more than is good for my health.The spring sun tempted us to go for a walk.40. beat the system: defeat or get the upper hand of the systemPhrases & Expressions:1.according to: based on 根据电话费根据一天中的不同时段而不同。Telephone charges vary according to the time of the day.2. It can be argued such response may not mean much. 人们可以争论说，这样的回答也许没有多大意义。It can be argued.这里用被动语态避免直接提到主语是谁mean much=be of importance 有重要的价值mean everything 意味着一切3. be faced with : face 面对，面临他们面对着困境。They are faced with a very difficult situation.4. be hard on : be too strict with 对过于严格别对她太苛求了，她毕竟只是个孩子。Dont be too hard on her; she is a child after all5. a case in point ： a very good example 恰当的例子,佐证 Nowadays, parents tend to spoil their children; my neighbor is a case in point.6. Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating.across= throughout 全部，整个across the nation/ world/ cityto do more than talk = do sth. instead of just talking 不止是说说而已We must do more than talk. Its time for action.7. all but: all except 除了以外都除了三名成员外，其他人都交了所得税。All but three of the members have paid their income taxes. 8. be different from: differ from, be unlike 不同于Man is different from other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.9. think ofas : regard or consideras 把看作，认定为I think of him as a happy person with lots of friends.10. in the case of : as far asbe concerned, as to 就来说，至于就人口而言，中国是世界上最大的国家。In the case of the population.China is the largest country in the world.辨析in the case of,in case of与in casein case of: for fear that sth. should happen; if sth should happe以防,万一你最好带把雨伞，以防下雨。In case of rain, youd better take an umbrella.in case: if, for fear that 如果，以防如果他来的话，告诉我一声。In case he comes, let me know.Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.11. out of : from among 其中，之中Six out of ten people in town have seen the movie Titanic.12. come to: arrive at a particular state 变成 (某种状态)They are disappointed that their efforts have come to nothing.（完全失败，成泡影）13. Its less likely. 可能性比较小。Its likely that. 从句，很可能Its very likely that he will come again.Its likely to . 可能会Its likely to snow in the evening.14. at ones (the) best: in a state as good as possible 处于最佳状态早上是我状态最佳的时候。I am never at my best early in the morning.15. ebb and flow 潮的涨落,盛衰,消长excercisesTranslation :1. Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly. 巨额投资使这一地区的经济得以迅速发展。 2. They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital. 他们为新建一所医院开展筹款运动。 3. It is true that success lies in diligence. 成功在于勤奋，这句话很正确。 4. Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted to take such expensive gifts. 他们都具有很高的道德标准，决不会受诱惑接受如此贵重的礼品。 5. There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation. 有迹象表明，不少工厂正面临这十分困难的局面。 6. The police arrested the criminal on a charge of armed robbery several hours after they found an important clue to his identity. 警方找到罪犯是谁的重要线索后，在几个小时内就以武装抢劫罪拘捕了他。 7. Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people. 调查揭示，对某些人来说，退休往往会造成心理上的病痛。 8. The medical team did more than complain about the relatively poor working conditions at the local hospital. For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money. 医疗队并没有一味抱怨当地医院较差的工作条件。比如说，好几位医生就曾用自己的钱购置了简单的医疗器械。
展开阅读全文