状语从句课件讲解和练习

Adverbial Clauses 在主从复合句中修饰主句中的在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、动词、 形容词、副词等的从句叫做形容词、副词等的从句叫做 “ 状语从句状语从句 ”。分类如下：。分类如下：状状 语语 从从 句句状语从句状语从句1. 时间时间状语从句状语从句2. 地点地点状语从句状语从句3. 原因原因状语从句状语从句4. 条件条件状语从句状语从句5. 让步让步状语从句状语从句6. 目的目的状语从句状语从句7. 结果结果状语从句状语从句8. 方式方式状语从句状语从句9. 比较比较状语从句状语从句1.时间状语从句1)由连词由连词when, while, as, as soon as, before, after, since, till/ until等引导。等引导。主句用将来时，从句常用一般现在主句用将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来时表将来I will tell him when she comes back.2)while, when, as表示表示“当当. 时时”的辨析的辨析 While引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句只指一段时间只指一段时间，强调某一段时间内，主从句动作强调某一段时间内，主从句动作同时同时发发生。从句动词常是生。从句动词常是延续性延续性的的 When既可以指既可以指一个时间点一个时间点,也可以是一段也可以是一段时间，时间，可表示主从句的动作可表示主从句的动作同时同时或或先后先后发生。从句动词发生。从句动词可以是延续性可以是延续性的，的，也可也可以是非延续性以是非延续性的。的。As强调主句强调主句从句动作相并发生从句动作相并发生,译为译为”一一边边一边一边”，同时还可译为，同时还可译为“随着随着”之之意。表示两个动作同时进展。意。表示两个动作同时进展。When he returned , his wife was cooking.While he was reading, his wife was cooking.He hurried home, looking behind as he went .As time goes by, we get older and older.对比训练 1_ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river.3. _ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as另外另外, when/while还作并列连词还作并列连词,连接并列分句连接并列分句,while表示表示 “而而,可是可是”、“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”。 如如:I like reading while my wife enjoys watching TV.While he knew it, he didnt tell us.when表示表示 “就在这时突然发生就在这时突然发生” 。在下列结构在下列结构中，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作中，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。同时发生。1.be about to do when2.be doing when3.had done whenWe were about to start when it began to rain.I was playing computer games when mom came in.while的用法小结的用法小结 ：While I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. ( while =_)He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. ( while= ) While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (while=_)We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son.3. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A. when B. while C. as D. during3)until/till(不用于句首不用于句首) “延续性动词（延续性动词（肯定式肯定式）+until ”表表示示“直到直到为止为止”I waited for him until he came back. “非延续性动词（非延续性动词（否定式否定式）+until ”表示表示“直到直到才才”He didnt go to bed until he finished his work.Not until he saw it himself did he believe it. 注意注意: not until 在句首时要倒装在句首时要倒装4)表示表示“一一就就”的句型的句型 (1)as soon as, once, the moment/ minute/ second, immediately/ directly/ instantlyAs soon as he comes, Ill tell him.The moment I saw him, I recognized him.I left immediately the clock struck 5.(2)on / upon doing / on (upon) ones +nOn arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a famous person.The moment she comes, I will tell him.(3) no sooner than/ hardly when / scarcely when (前句用过去完成时态，前句用过去完成时态，后句用一般过去时态。后句用一般过去时态。)No sooner had they reached home than it started to rain.Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone rang. = Scarcely had I entered the room when the telephone rang. 4) 连接词连接词before的小结：的小结：1. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. /过了多久过了多久没过多久没过多久 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性动词终止性动词的过去式，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起动作开始的那一时刻起”。如： He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。 We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是延延续性动词或表示状态的动词续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去式，则从句表示的时间是“从那延续动作或状态结束从那延续动作或状态结束时算起时算起”。如： I havent heard any noise since I slept. sleep 为延延续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后醒后还未听到任何声音”。 John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher. 约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当不当教师已经三年了。 How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在）上海多久了延续性；不延续性；不 有多长时间了有多长时间了It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员）半个月了。 Its been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。 比较：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词） He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon asD. although It is about ten years _ I met you last. A. since B. for C. when D. as_ we got to the station, the train had left already. A.If B. Unless C. Since D. When.1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.A. while B. afterC. In case D. the minute2. How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers?A. when B. untilC. before D. sinceWe didnt go home _ we finished the work. A. since B. until C. because D. though. He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; thenScientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. whenWhy didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after_ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. UnlessDid you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once5) 一些表示时间的一些表示时间的名词词组名词词组也可引导时也可引导时间状语从句。如：间状语从句。如：next time（下次）（下次）, every / each time （每次）。（每次）。e.g. Every time I caught a cold , I had pain in my head. Next time he comes , I will tell you.2. 让步状语从句让步状语从句 引导词有：引导词有：although, though, as , while（尽管）（尽管）, even if/though,(即使，纵然即使，纵然) ，whetheror( 无论无论还是还是 ), 以及以及whoever= no matter who whenever= no matter whenwhatever= no matter whatwherever= no matter wherehowever= no matter how 疑问词疑问词+ever = no matter + 疑问词疑问词 无论无论 1)as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装，句型引导的让步状语从句要倒装，句型为：为：形容词形容词/ 副词副词/ 名词（不带冠词）名词（不带冠词）/ 动词动词（原形）（原形）+ as +主语主语+谓语谓语Young as he is, he knows a lot.Much as I like it, I cant afford it.Farmer as he is, he is well-educated.Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone. 2）although不倒装，不倒装， though可倒装也可可倒装也可不倒装不倒装, as 必须倒装必须倒装 Although/Though he was ill， he didnt stop working.3）no matter +疑问句引导让步状语从句疑问句引导让步状语从句No matter what happened, he shouldnt mind.=Whatever happened, he shouldnt mind.No matter who you are, you should obey the social rules.=Whoever you are, you should 4) whether or not 不管不管或不或不Whether you believe it or not, it is true.whether or不管不管还是还是1. Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned. 2. Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time.Though/althoughThough / Although he was old, he worked hard. = He was old but he worked hard.注意一个典型的中国错误：注意一个典型的中国错误： though / although 切不可与切不可与but连用。连用。5) even though和和 even ifeven though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为不大或假设的事情，意为“即使即使”、“纵然纵然”；Most of us ignore the food advice, even if/ even though we know it is true.1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved, _the cost. Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever 对比训练 3 1. Child _ she is, she know a lot.2. He did the experiment _ he was told.3. The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not _ good. A. during B. as C. so D. though E. both B and C 3. 地点状语从句地点状语从句引导词有引导词有: where, wherever注意：不要混同于注意：不要混同于where 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句与定语从句的区别：与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，定语从句前有一个表示地点的名词。定语从句前有一个表示地点的名词。Go back where you came from.Go back to the village where you came from. (有志者，事竟成）有志者，事竟成）Ill follow you wherever you go.Where there is a will , there is a way.When you read the book ,you d better make a mark _ you have any question. A at which B at where C the place where D whereWhen you read the book ,you d better make a mark at the place _ you have any question. A which B at where C the place where D where4. 原因状语从句原因状语从句由由because, since, now that, as, for引导。引导。(1). because 语气最强，用来回答语气最强，用来回答why提问，提问，可用在强调句型中可用在强调句型中,引导的从句表示直接的、引导的从句表示直接的、根本的原因根本的原因 It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.(2).Since语气比语气比because弱，表示关系上的自然弱，表示关系上的自然结果，一般译成结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于既然，鉴于”（往往放于主句（往往放于主句之前）之前）Since no one is against it ,lets carry out the plan.（既然没人反对（既然没人反对, )(3).as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking today.(4).for也可以表示原因，不是说明直接原也可以表示原因，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推理，用于因，而是对某种情况加以推理，用于补充补充说明说明理由。理由。He must be ill, for he is absent today.(5).now that(既然既然) 用来说明一种新情况，用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理，然后加以推理，now that放于句首时，放于句首时，that可省略。可省略。 Now ( that) everybody is here, lets begin. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. AsHe took off his coat _ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since5. 目的目的状语从句状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that 用于正式文体中，所引用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。从句可于主句前或后。so thata. 较常用，一般用于主句后较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，有时可分开，that 有时可省有时可省; 从句中从句中要有情态动词要有情态动词，否则，否则, 就成为下一种句型：就成为下一种句型：b. 无无情态动词则引导情态动词则引导结果状结果状语语从句。从句。for fear that; in case; lest (以免以免)等。等。so that so . that . He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. = in order that He got up early so that he caught the early bus. = He got up so early that he caught the early bus. Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. I shall write it down lest I should forget. 注意：注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用用so as to do 或或 in order to do He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock. He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.Ill speak slowly so that everybody can understand me.He wrote the name down for fear that( in case) he would forget.Ann listened carefully _ she could discover what she needed. A. such that B. in order that C. because D. even though11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless6. 结果状语从句：结果状语从句：引导词有：引导词有：sothat, suchthat,(如此如此,以至以至于于 ) so that(以至于以至于) , only + to do (结果结果). 常用句型：常用句型：1)so+ adj. (adv.) + that2)so+ adj. + a (an) + n. +that3)Such +a (an) +adj. + n. + that4)Such +adj. + n (s) +thatHe spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.He got to the station finally, only to find the train had left.(only + to do表示出乎意料的结果，而动词表示出乎意料的结果，而动词的的ing形式表示自然而然的结果。形式表示自然而然的结果。)定语从句和结果状语从句的区别定语从句和结果状语从句的区别 注意：注意：在在sothat，suchthat结构中一般成分结构中一般成分齐全。这也是与齐全。这也是与as引导定语从句的区别。在引导定语从句的区别。在soas，suchas 这一结构中，这一结构中，as引导定语从句，引导定语从句，在句中做成分。在句中做成分。1. This is so interesting a book that we all like it .这是一本如此有趣的书以致于我们都喜欢。这是一本如此有趣的书以致于我们都喜欢。（that引导的是结果状语从句引导的是结果状语从句）2. This is so interesting a book as we all like . 这是一本我们都喜欢的有趣的书。这是一本我们都喜欢的有趣的书。(as 引导的是定语从句，因为引导的是定语从句，因为as充当宾语，所以无充当宾语，所以无it)1. He left in _a hurry _he forgot to lock the door.A.such, that B. so, that C. such, as D. so, when2. Farmers rotate (轮作) their crops _ the soil will remain fertile.A. so that B. because of C. in order to D. rather than3. It was _ a hundred people looked lost in it.A. so large a room that B. so large roomC. a such large room D. such large a room4. He has _ little education that he cant teach _ little children. A. so; such B. too; such C. a; so D. very; so 7. 条件状语从句条件状语从句1. 由由if, unless(= if not), so/ as long as(只只要要), suppose/supposing(假设，如果假设，如果), in case(以防以防), only if (只有当只有当) , if only (只只要要.就好了就好了) , on condition (只要只要), in case (假使假使) , providing / provided (that), supposing that（假若，倘使），（假若，倘使），on condition that(条件是）条件是） 等引导。等引导。You may use the room as long as you clean it up afterwards. Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have time. Ill buy this house provided / providing / supposing I have enough money.She will not forgive you unless you say sorry to her right now.She wont leave on condition that you ask her to stay.2.“祈使句祈使句+and/ or/ or else/otherwise”引引导的结果句，祈使句在实际意义上相当于导的结果句，祈使句在实际意义上相当于条件状语从句。条件状语从句。Use you head, and you will find a way.= If you use your head, you will find a way. Get up now, or you will be late.= If you dont get up now, you will be late.1、The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. Aas long as BwhileCif Deven though2、 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if 8. 方式状语从句方式状语从句 引导词有引导词有: as(如同如同 ), just as (正如正如)， as if/though (好像好像) They are talking as if (as though) they were old friends.注意：注意：as，like 都表示都表示“像像”， I work as others do . I work like others.as 是连词是连词 ，后加句子，后加句子 like 是介词，后加名词、代词、名词短语是介词，后加名词、代词、名词短语We must do as the Party tells us.Leave the things as they are.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. It sounds as if it is raining.9.比较状语从句比较状语从句由由as as , not as/ soas , morethan . , less than ., the more , the more.(越越 ，越，越 .)He ran as far as he could.The harder you try, the better you will understand.He is not so / as healthy as his brother. They jumped up and down as hard as they could. John is less clever than Peter.二、二、状语从句的时态问题状语从句的时态问题问题1：1、The house could fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work. A has done B is doing C does D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。三三、状语从句的倒装问题、状语从句的倒装问题状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况： 否定词开头； so 加 adj. 开头； as / though引导的让步状语从句。 Hardly had he got to the station when the train left. No sooner had he got to the station than the train left. Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize