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中考复习系列中考复习系列动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式用法归纳概概 说说动词不定式动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆 动词不定式的主要用法动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语充当谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。没有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成构成(有时可以不带有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的。动词不定式的否定形式是否定形式是“not+动词不定式动词不定式”(此时此时not不能再与助动词连用不能再与助动词连用)。三、动词不定式短语具有名词、三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能形容词和副词等的功能, 可在句中可在句中用做多种句子成分。用做多种句子成分。 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补 主语主语: 常置于句末常置于句末, 而用而用it代替其做形式主代替其做形式主语。语。例例: To go in for sports helps you stay fit. It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own. 返回注注: 此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由由for或或of引出引出, 逻辑主语由逻辑主语由of引出引出时时, 表语的形容词为表语的形容词为kind，nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容等表示性格品质评价的形容词。词。例例: Its right of him to refuse the invitation. (him为逻辑主语为逻辑主语) 点击规律点击规律: 动词不定式在句中作主语动词不定式在句中作主语时时, 除了除了直接作主语直接作主语外，外， 常放在常放在: It is adj(形容词形容词)to do sth. 或或 It is n(名词名词)to do sth. 句型中句型中, it仅作形式主语。仅作形式主语。 动动 词词 宾宾 语语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：例：would you like to see my photos?Kevin planned to visit his uncle 类似类似用法的词还有用法的词还有:start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide, agree, love, like, hate, prefer等。等。I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语为形式宾语)点击规律：点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外这些动词后面除接不定式外, 还可以接动还可以接动名词名词, 意思区别不大。意思区别不大。提示板：提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。指一次性的动作。I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。但我现在不想游。stop, forget, remember, go on, try等等词或短语后面可以接不定式。词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板：提示板： 1) stop to do sth. : 停止一件事，去做另一件事。停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth. :停止正在做的事。停止正在做的事。 例如：例如： When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking； 当老师走进来时当老师走进来时, 学生们停止说话；学生们停止说话； when he came out, the students stopped to talk 当老师走出去时当老师走出去时, 学生们又开始说话。学生们又开始说话。 2) 思考思考: forget, remember, go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？名词用法有何区别？ 点击规律：在点击规律：在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中，句型中，it是是形式宾语形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。词不定式。返回如：如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text 点击规律点击规律: 某些动词或短语后面既可某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语以接动词不定式作宾语, 又可接动名词又可接动名词作宾语作宾语, 二者用法上的区别可以通过造二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分句子加以区分, 如上页的如上页的stop例句。例句。表表 语语放在连系动词放在连系动词be后面后面 例句例句: His wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the environment.The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。生命。 点击规律点击规律: 动词不定式在句中作表语时动词不定式在句中作表语时, 通通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 返回定定 语语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。代词的后面。例例: He is the first person to sail around the world. I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 返回提示板提示板: 如果动词不定式和前面所如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是且动词是不及物动词不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后面的切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：介词。如： I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with？ 作作 状状 语语 a.目的状语目的状语: 放在放在go, come, use, live, in order等词后面等词后面.如：如： I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at 返回b. 原因状语原因状语: 放在放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed， excited等词后面。等词后面。(有些资料上把这有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后等的形容词后, 对其进行补充说明对其进行补充说明, 作形作形容词补足语容词补足语）如：）如： I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you c. 作结果状语。如作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people宾语补足语宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to： tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, get, wish, 等词后面常等词后面常接不定式作宾补。接不定式作宾补。例例: I asked a friend to read it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write 返回(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see, watch, hear, feel, make, let, have, observe, notice, help等等)后后不带不带to 的不定式作宾补。如：的不定式作宾补。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板提示板: 若变成若变成被动语态被动语态, 在上述结构在上述结构中中, 不定式符号不定式符号to要加上要加上。如如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room “疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”用法用法 不定式前可带不定式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词等疑问词, 这种这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。主语等。例例: He didnt tell me where to go. (直宾直宾) I dont know what to say now.(宾语宾语) I dont know what to do next. (宾语）宾语） He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语宾语补足语) 返回Its still a question how to get there(主语主语) 在初中阶段还涉及到在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被不定式被动语态一般式动语态一般式(to be+过去分词过去分词)”例例: There are twenty more trees to be planted. 根据句意根据句意, 用括号内所给动词的适当形用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。式填空。 1. Its time for us _ (have) supper 2. Would you like _ (go) shopping with me？ 3. It took us half an hour _ (work) out the problem to go 主语主语to go 宾语宾语to work 主语主语4. He is old enough _ (join) the army 5. I feel strange _ (have) a twin sister 6. I am very glad _ (meet) you here7They prefer _ (stay) at home rather than go outto join 结果状语结果状语to have 形容词补足语形容词补足语(原原)to meet 形容词补足语形容词补足语(原原)to stay 宾语宾语8. We saw them_ (come) into the room just now 9. What he said made me_ (feel) sorry 10. I am sorryI forgot_ (tell) you the news 11. His plan is _ (spend) a few days in the mountains to come 宾补宾补to feel 宾补宾补to tell 宾语宾语to spend 表语表语12. Have you got anything _ (say)? 13. Have you decided which one _ (choose)? 14. Do you know when_ (start)？ 15. He is too weak _ (carry) the big stone to say 定语定语to choose 定语定语to start 不定式短语作宾语不定式短语作宾语to carry 结果状语结果状语Hi, relax yourself!
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