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2018 年部编版八年级英语下册第 1 单元知识点总结1Unit 1 What s the matter?一、基础知识1. What s the matte 怎么啦?出什么事情了?【解析】matter/ m?t?(r)/n.问题;事情What s the matter with you?= What s the trouble with you? = What你怎么了 With you?【注】:matter 和 trouble 为名词,其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是 adj.不能加 the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词 with 连用。即:What s the matter with sb.? = What s your trouble? = What s up? = What happens to sb.?What s the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽have a stomachaches 疼,肚子疼have a toothache 牙疼have a headache疼3. 身体部位+ache (疼痛)构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachach 胃疼head+ache=headach 头疼 tooth+ache=toothache牙疼 back+ache=backache 后背痛4. much too+ 形容词,意为 “太. ”,too much+名词,意为 很多,大量。5. enough【形容、畐寸词】足够的/地, enough 放在名词前后,形容词、副词后。good eno ugh 足够好,eno ugh mon ey=much money6. lie down 躺下,lie 身躺,躺着,过去式 lay ;lie 说谎,过去式 lied7. maybe 或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be,是情态动词+be 的结构,意为 可能,也许”,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.sou nd like+名词代词和从句:“听起来好像。” It sou nds like you don t know the truth.It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词, 听起来,好像 ”,The music sounds nice.9. need 需要,实义动词 need+名词,需要某物;need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作 :Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus)下(公交车)get o n 上车11. agree 同意,赞同;agree with sth. 同意某事女口: I agree with that idea.agree to sb. 同意某人的意见女口: I agree to LiLei.12. trouble 问题,麻烦;be in trouble 遇到麻烦,make trouble 制造麻烦,2have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做.有麻烦。313. right away=right now=at once, 意为 马上。14. advice 不可数名词劝告,建议,向 征求意见,give sb. advice on sth 就某事给某人建议;advise 动词advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事advise sb. doing sth.15. 【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼当 exercise 意为练习”时,为可数名词 即可加 s当 exercise 意为 锻炼”时,为不可数名词 即不加 s16. hurt 及物动词,使.疼痛,.受伤,He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词,.(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.17.clean【动词】打扫,clean the classroom 打扫教室,18. hit(用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a sto ne.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ bac 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位;hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位。be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了.、做某事,强调状态;His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to gett ing up early in the morning.get/ become used to sth./ doing sth.变得习惯,逐渐适应 .”强调过程、动作:It s difficult for one to get used to another country20. 【复习】free 形容词空闲的 free time;免费的 the drink is for free;自由的 I want to become a free bird.free【动词】使. 解脱,得到自由:He could not free his arm.21、run out 用完,用尽Whe n his water run out, he knew that he would have to do someth ing to save his own life. 物 sth. run out.某物用尽了。人 sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth.冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性We stude nts should know the importa nce of (lear ning) En glish.形容词:干净的clea ner 意为清洁工shabit.4importance n. 重要(性), important adj.重要的,unimportant adj.不重要的24.decide 动词:决定decision 【名词】决定;抉择;make a decision 做决定make a decisi on to do sth.= decide to do sth.。25. be in the control of 掌管,管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control 无法控制,无法管理be under control 被控制住,在控制之中5Would you mind my ope ning the win dow?27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事 ,give up (playing) computer gamesgive up 后可接名词、代词和动词 ing 形式,也可不接,如:Never give up easily. 二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上 保持一致。4、人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。女口: Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.2.可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。女口: She isn t quite herself today.3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。女口: She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.4.用在某些固定短语当中。look after on eself / take care of on eself 照顾自己teach on eself sth./ lear n sth. by on esell 学enjoy on eself 玩得高兴,过得愉快help on eself to sth 请自用(随便吃/喝些.).hurt on eself 摔伤自己1.反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。女口:我自己能完成作业(误) Myself can finish my homework.(正)I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2.反身代词表示某人自己”不能表示某人的东西”因为它没有所有格的形式。 表达 某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用 one s own.女口:我用我自己的蜡笔画画(误)I m drawing with myself crayons.(正)I m drawing with my own crayons.26.【复习】mind 意为介意, mi nd doing sth.介意做某事say to on eself 自言自语leave sb. by on eselff 把某人单独留下 buy on eself sth 给自己买 东西in troduce on eself 介绍. 自己6Unit 1 What s the matter?【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词连用。即:What s the matter with sb.? = What s_=What _ What s the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.2. I_ 我感冒了。 have a cold= _ a cold=have _ 感冒发烧 _ 咳嗽 _胃疼,肚子疼 _牙疼_ 头疼_3. 身体部位+ache (疼痛)构成新的复合词stomach+ache _ 胃疼 head+ache=_ 头疼牙疼_后背痛_4. much too+词,意为 “_._ ”,too much+ 词,意为 _ 。5. enough【形容、畐寸词】足够的/地, enough 放在词前后,词、词后。足够好_ 足够的钱 _6. _ 躺下,lie 仝_,过去式_ ; lie 意: _ ,过去式 _7. maybe “”,常用于句首,表示,后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be,是 动词+be 的结构,意为“”,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.sou nd like+名词代词和从句:“” It sou nds like you don t know the truth.It sounds like a good idea. sound+ 词, 听起来,好像 ”,The music sounds nice.9. need 意: _,_ 动词,need+名词,需要某物;need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是 _,表示人主动被动的动作你上课需要认真听讲: You _ carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是_ ,表示主动被动的动作:你的脏衣服应该洗洗了。 Your dirty clothes _10. _ (the bus)下(公交车)_ 上车1.、基础知识?怎么啦?出什么事情了?【解析】matter/ m?t?(r) /n.问题;事情What s the matter with you?= Whats you? = What s with you? 你怎么了?【注】:matter 和 trouble 为名词,其前可加或词性物主代词,wrong 是 词.不能加 the=What s711. agree 同意,赞同;同意某事 _女口:我同意你的办法。I _.同意某人的意见_ 女口:我同意你的意见。I _812. trouble 意;_ 遇到麻烦 _ 制造麻烦 _have trouble (in) doing sth. =have_ (in) doing sth 做.有麻烦。13._ =_ 意为”马上。14. advice _名词 意: _.就某事给某人建议: _advise 动词建议某人做某事: _advise sb.sth.15、【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼当 exercise 意为 练习”时,为_名词 当 exercise 意为 锻炼”时,为_ 名词16、_hurt .动词,使.疼痛, 受伤,He hurt his leg while exercising._动词,.(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.17、 clean【_词】打扫,clean the classroom 打扫教室,_:干净的 ,清洁工18. hit(用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a sto ne.hit sb. the /打某人的头、鼻子、后背, _ 用在所打较硬的部位;hit sb. the /_打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子, _ 用在所打较软的部位。_,强调_ ; His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to gett ing up early in the morning.变得习惯,逐渐适应” _强调_:It s for one_ another county s ha 对人们来说逐渐适应城市的节奏是困难的。20.【复习】free 形容词意: _free time; _the drink is for free;_ I want to become a free bird. 名词:自由 _He could not free his arm._物 sth. run out.某物用尽了。sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last ni ght.22. risk (sb.) to do sth.冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the_ _ (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性下决心去做某事: _习惯于、适应了、做某事free【动词】意:21、用完,用尽人 sb._ _ should know_ _要性。 n. 重要(性):_En glish我们学生应该认识到学英语的重adj.重要的:_adj.不重要的: _24 动词:决定: _ 【名词】决定;抉择做决定;_925.掌管,管理:_The headmaster is_ _ _ this new school 校 长管理这所新学校。无法控制,无法管理: _被控制住,在控制之中: _26.【复习】mind 意为:, 介意做某事:Would youthe wi ndow?你介意我打开窗户吗27.放弃(做)某事:sth.,give up 后可接词、词和动词形式,也可不接,如:Never give up easily二、【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数 上保持一致。数、人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数1.可用作语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如:Maria bought_ a scarf.玛丽给自己买了条围巾。We must_very_ 。我们必须照顾好我们自己。2.可用作_语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。She isn t qujte_today.3.可用作主语或宾语的语,常用来加强_。女口: She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.4.用在某些固定短语当中。照顾自己_自学玩得高兴,过得愉快 _ 摔伤自己请自用(随便吃/喝些)_自言自语 _ 把某人单独留下 .给自己买东西_介绍自己101.反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的 _语,起_ 作用。女口:我自己能完成作业。(误) Myself can finish my homework.(正)_ _ can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework _ 。我能自己完成作业。2.反身代词表示 某人自己”不能表示 某人的东西”,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达 某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用 _如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I m drawing with myself crayons.(正)I m drawing with_ crayons.
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