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动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动动词原形词原形“, 有时可以不带有时可以不带to.动词不定动词不定式没有人称和数的变化式没有人称和数的变化, 在句子中不在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。构成：构成：TO + DO(动词原动词原形形)用法：用法：1. 用作宾语用作宾语 (v. + to do ) I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you.need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to dobegin to do start to do try to doforget to do remember to do like to doStop to do go on to do2. 用作宾语补足语：用作宾语补足语：(V. + SB. + TO DO )She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mother taught him to read and write. want sb. to do wish sb. to do get sb. to do order sb. to do find sb. to be like sb. to do would like sb. to do help sb. to do作宾语补足语不带作宾语补足语不带TO 的情况：的情况：Let me do it.I saw him cross the street.常见动词有：常见动词有：使役动词使役动词: let, make, have感官动词感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to比较：比较：I heard her singing in the next room.I heard her sing in the next room.3. 用作状语用作状语(ADVERBIAL)：He came to show me his new CD player. (目的目的)I went there to see my teacher. (目的目的)She came back to get her English book. (目的目的)The boy was too frightened to move. (结果结果)4.4.用作主语用作主语1. To be here at Christmas time is my dream.2. To go abroad is his dream. 3. To say is easy, to do is difficult.(这时可将其用形式主语这时可将其用形式主语it来替换来替换) It is my dream to be here at Christmas time. It is his dream to go abroad. It is easy to say, it is difficult to do.5. 用作表语用作表语His work is to feed the animals. Her job is to look after the patients.My wish is to be a scientist.Give me something to drink. I have two books to read. They have much food to eat. He asked for a room to live in. I dont have a pen to write with. The ice is hard enough to skate on. He bought a toy to play with.6. 用作定语用作定语 (这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词若是不及物动词, 介词不能省略介词不能省略)7. 疑问词疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how 加加to do可构成不定式短语可构成不定式短语, 在句中可在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。When to start has not been decided. (主语主语)I dont know what to do. (宾语宾语)He can tell you where to get the book. (宾语补足语宾语补足语)The question is who(m) to ask. (表语表语)比较比较(COMPARE)I dont know what to do.I dont know how to do it.I dont know what to do about it.非谓语动词非谓语动词 (动词不定式和动词动词不定式和动词-ing形式形式)中考考查重点讲解中考考查重点讲解e.g. 1. He has promised to behave better later. 2. The boy decided not to become a sailor. 3. I hope to go to college. promise, decide, hope, agree, choose, fail, wish, learn+ to do sth.I.4. He agreed to help us.5. She chose to study chemistry. 6. He failed to persuade him. 7. Do you wish to eat alone?enjoy, finish, keep, mind suggest, cant helpe.g. 1. 他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。 He always enjoys listening to music. 2. 我打扫完房间了我打扫完房间了 I have finished cleaning the room. 3. 你不能像这样老变主意。你不能像这样老变主意。 You shouldnt keep changing your ideas like this. + doing sth.II.4. Would you mind _ with you?5. He suggested _ for a walk. 6. I couldnt help _. my cominggoing outcryinglove, hate, forget, remember stop, like, try, mean+to do sth.doing sth.1. Mary loves _. 2. I hate to _. 3. 她忘记寄这封信了。她忘记寄这封信了。 She forgot _. reading / to readtrouble / troubling himto post the letterIII.4. 我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。 Ill never forget _ a letter for the first time.5. I remember _ her once. = I remember that I _ ( see )her once.6. Remember _ me. = I hope youll phone me.postingseeing sawto phone他停下来跟我说话。他停下来跟我说话。He stopped _. 他停止讲话他停止讲话 He stopped _. 他喜欢游泳。他喜欢游泳。He likes _. 我不想打扰你。我不想打扰你。I dont like _. 她试着写作文。她试着写作文。She tried _.to talk with metalkingswimmingto disturb youwriting a composition她设法打电话找你。她设法打电话找你。She tried _我本来打算今天给你这本书的我本来打算今天给你这本书的, 可是可是我忘了。我忘了。I meant _ today, but I forgot.这意味着浪费时间。这意味着浪费时间。This means _ much time.to get you on the phoneto give you this bookwasting IV. ask, tell, get, wish, want, teach, know, understand 1. I asked him _ here early. 2. Get him _ a doctor. 劝劝他去找医生看看。他去找医生看看。 3. Ive known him _ very fast. 我听说他跑得比较快。我听说他跑得比较快。4. What did you understand him _?你认为他说的是什么意思呢？你认为他说的是什么意思呢？+ sb. to do sth.to cometo seeto runto saymake, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel , notice + sb. do sth.e.g. I cant make the horse go. 我无法使这匹马走动。我无法使这匹马走动。 I wont have (允许，容许允许，容许) you say such things. 我可不许你说这样的话。我可不许你说这样的话。 My mother wouldnt let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。 Did you notice him leave the house? 你看到他离开房间了吗？你看到他离开房间了吗？ I often hear him sing the song. V.sb. + be done + to do sth. e.g He is often heard _ the song. They were made _ day and night.to singto work. be +happy, glad, pleased angry, sorry, luckyslow, quick, careful ready, nice + to do sth.e.g I am sorry to hear that. He is wrong to say so. I was very lucky to get a copy so cheap. “我这么便宜地买到一本我这么便宜地买到一本,真是幸运极真是幸运极了。了。 * quick to learn sth. * 学某事学得快学某事学得快Be careful not to fall off the ladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。当心别从梯子上掉下来。He is ready to help . 愿意帮忙愿意帮忙. e.g. I found it very important to learn English well. = I found that _ _ very important to learn English well. I feel it my duty to do so. = I feel that _ _ my duty to do so.think, make, find, feel+ it + adj. / n + to do sth. it wasit isIts + ( for + sb. ) + to do sth.Its +difficult, hard, easy,possible, impossibleimportant,+ (of + sb.) + to do sth.clever,wise, kind, good, right, nicewrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish careful, careless .e.g It is hard _ you to do it well. = For you to do it well is hard. It is kind _ you to help me. = You are kind to help me. forof Its clever _ him to say so. It is impossible _ you to finish it. It was wrong _ you to tell a lie. It was careless _ you to make so many mistakes in the exam. It is silly _ her to do such a thing. It is important _ you to learn English well. offorof of of fore.g. e.g They had no room to live _. The pen is very good to write _. The chair is nice to sit _.what / where / when / how / why + to do sth. e.g. How to do it is still a question. Have you decided when to hold the party ? in withon. EXERCISES1. - Youve done very well this time. - Its really kind _.A. for you to say so B. for you saying soC. of you to say so D. of you saying so2. It is better to lose ones life than _.A. if you lose your spiritB. losing his spiritC. to lose ones spiritD. your spirit getting lostCC3. I cant work in this way. - Why not _ it in some other way?A. try to doB. try doingC. trying to doD. trying doing4. Since you find it difficult _ a decision, youd better a discussion( 讨讨论论) with your parents.A. reach; haveB. reaching; haveC. reach; havingD. to reach; haveBD5. My father hates(痛恨痛恨) _. He never allows me _.A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; smokingC. smoke; smokingD. smoking; to smoke6. The girl was beginning _.A. get angry B. to get angryC. getting angry D. angryDB7. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. where to chooseB. which to chooseC. what to choose D. to choose which8. The bag is too heavy for me _.A. to carry itB. not to carry itC. to carryD. not to carry9. The teacher will teach him _.A. to useB. use itC. how to use itD. usesBCC找出句子中的不定式找出句子中的不定式, 并说出作用：并说出作用：1. It takes you ten minutes to get there.2. I hope to see him soon.3. His wish is to become an artist.4. People eat to live, but not live to eat.状语状语表语表语宾语宾语主语主语5. I have a lot to tell you.6. Its not right to be always thinking of oneself.7. We often see him play football.定语定语主语主语宾语补足语宾语补足语1. 跳舞非常有趣。跳舞非常有趣。2. 种些植物是非常有必要的。种些植物是非常有必要的。To dance is a lot of fun.It is a lot of fun to dance.To grow plants is very important.3. 说英语对我来说并不容易。说英语对我来说并不容易。4. 听到你的声音真高兴。听到你的声音真高兴。To hear your voice is so nice.It is so nice to hear your voice.To speak English is not easy for me.1. 我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。2. 最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3. 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。My work is to clean the room every day.The best plan is to leave at once.My dream is to be a scientist.1. 他想借用我的录音机。他想借用我的录音机。2. 他们开始读和写。他们开始读和写。3. 李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。4. 你长大了想做什么？你长大了想做什么？He wants to borrow my radio.They began to read and write.What sports does Li Lin like to play? She likes to play soccer.What do you want to be when you grow up?1. 我有许多书要看。我有许多书要看。2. 她有几个问题要问。她有几个问题要问。3. 他有一台电视要修。他有一台电视要修。4. 我没什么可担心的。我没什么可担心的。I have many books to read.She has a few questions to ask.He has a TV set to repair.I have nothing to worry about.5. 他是一个值得信赖的人。他是一个值得信赖的人。6. 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。7. 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。He is a man to believe in.Edison was the first man to invent the lights.His sick mother has three months to live at most.They looked for him everywhere and found him _ under the tree.a. liesb. lyingc. layd. lain考点考点: see/hear/find/watch sb. do sth. (看见某人做了某事）看见某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watch sb. doing sth. (看见某人正在做某事看见某人正在做某事) bI saw him _ the supermarket just now.a. enteredb. enteringc. enter d. to enterThe girl who sold matches was found _ the next morning.a. die b. dying c. died d. deadcd-Do you remember _ me somewhere in Hangzhou?-Yes. I think thats 2 years ago.a. see b. seeing c. to see d. sawbforget/remember to do sth.forget/remember doing sth.stop/go on to do sthstop/go on doing sthThe scientist stopped _ to me though he was busy.a. talking b. to talkc. to have talk d. having talkbThe more you think about it, the more questions you will think of _.a. ask b. asked c. asking d. to ask考点考点: to do 表示目的表示目的The doctor did what he could _ that child.a. save b. to save c. saved d. savingdbI have no pen _.a. writing b. writing withc. to write with d. writingto do 作定语作定语, 如是不及物动词构成不如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语定式短语作定语, 其后需接介词其后需接介词c
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