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第 4 讲 完形填空完形填空是考查考生的阅读理解和语言运用能力的一种综合题型。它考查的知识面广，覆盖面大，综合性强，灵活性高。它题材广泛，包括社会生活、科学常识、风土人情、人文环境、传记故事等多个方面。完形填空主要有以下特点：1信息词汇(或通常所说的“实词”名词、动词、形容词和副词等)比重大，考查单词在一定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。同时也有考查连词的题目，主要考查考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及句子之间关联性的理解。2文章结构严谨，层次分明，充分考查考生的语言运用能力和理解能力，以及上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。3以单词、短语填空为主，通过词义辨析考查考生灵活运用语言知识的能力。其中，结合文章考查对词语用法的掌握主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析和惯用搭配，而词义辨析通常要放到一定的语境之中才有意义。4对知识和能力进行综合运用的考查。1通读全文，领会大意通读全文，领会大意完形填空所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，因此在做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解文章大意，抓住重点，特别要留意文章首句和每段首句。切忌在没有把握文章大意之前就匆忙填写一遍或对空格一一选填。2紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案完形填空以短文的主题句为立足点，考生可从该句的时态、语气来推测全文的主要内容，从自己学过的词汇、习惯用语、固定搭配等方面入手。这里的词汇考查的是词义与词形的辨析，主要是指同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。这里的固定搭配是指词与词之间的搭配，主要指动词和介词、动词和副词、形容词和介词等的搭配。考生可根据这些方面的内容来分析对比备选答案。3瞻前顾后，全文贯通瞻前顾后，全文贯通一般来说，所选答案只有和上下文与结构都吻合的时候，才是正确答案。因此，考生必须注意上下文的参照，连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来，切记不要耽误太久，可暂放一边，待其他答案选好之后，再回过头来仔细推敲。对于那些拿不定主意或未能选答的空白，不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上，要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出正确答案。4复查核对，决定取舍复查核对，决定取舍全部题目做完之后，要仔细检查核对。其方法是：将所选答案填到空白处，重读全文，把它作为一篇完整的阅读文章来通读，凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来，然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照，务求一一过关，避免遗漏。另外，在平时的练习中，对每一篇完形填空考生均可重复做上几遍，通过反复的练习，不但可以牢固地掌握所学基础知识，而且能够提高完形填空的应试能力。(一)2011 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试One day a poor man was traveling on horseback.At noon, hetied his horse to a tree and then46to eat something.A fewminutes later, a rich man came along and tied his horse to the sametree.“Please tie your horse to another tree, ” said the poorman.“My horse is wild.It will kill yours.”47the rich man said, “I shall tie my horse as I like!” Hetied up his horse and had his lunch nearby.After a moment theyheard a terrible48 , the two horses were fighting.They went upto them, but it was too49 .The rich mans horse was killed.“Seewhat your horse has done!” cried the rich man.“You will have to50it.” And he brought the poor man before Mr.Know.Mr.Know asked the poor man some questions.But he made no51 .At last Mr.Know said, “This man is dumb.He cannot speak.”“Oh,” the rich man shouted52 .“He can! He spoke to mewhen I met him.”“Are you sure？” asked Mr.Know.“What did he 53 ?”“He told me not to tie my horse to the same tree because hishorse was wild and would kill my horse.”“Oh ,” said Mr.Know. “So he54you.Then can youexpect to get money55him？”The rich man said nothing and left silently.( )46.A.put down C.sat downB.set downD.turned down( )47.A.So( )48.A.song( )49.A.lateB.ButB.wordB.slowC.AndC.bellC.hardD.ThoughD.noiseD.quickCBDA( )50.A.pay for C.wait for( )51.A.idea C.money( )52.A.quietly C.happilyB.look forD.care forB.mistakeD.answerB.angrilyD.heavilyB.tellD.say( )53.A.speak( )54.A.helped C.warned( )55.A.for C.withC.talkB.thankedD.orderedB.from D.aboutADBDCB(二)2010 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试One day a rich woman lost her purse with a lot of money init.So she made a46 , “If anybody finds my purse and47itto me, Ill give half the money to him.”A poor man48the purse near a shop.He sent it back to thewoman, but the rich woman49 .“There was an expensive ring inmy purse besides money,” said the woman, “I wont give you halfthe money in my purse until you return it to me.” “But Ive neverseen an expensive ring in50purse,” said the man.They began to quarrel (争吵).The man became 51andtook her to a judge ( 法 官 ) . 52the judge heard what hadhappened to them, he said to the woman, “Im sure that you havelost a purse, and there is an expensive ring in it.But there is 53asomelot of money in this purse.So I dont think its yours. 54time.Maybe somebody will give your purse back.”Then the judge55to the man and said, “Take the pursehome.If the owner doesnt come to get it back in two days, it willbe yours.”( )46.A.face C.promise B.mistakeD.conversationC( )47.A.gets( )48.A.hadB.showsB.knewC.pointsC.heard D.returnsD.found( )49.A.kept her wordC.tried her bestB.changed her mind D.pulled her down( )50.A.your( )51.A.sad( )52.A.Before( )53.A.only B.her B.angryB.ThoughB.truly C.his C.excited C.After C.nearly D.myD.worriedD.IfD.really( )54.A.Wait forC.Look afterB.Listen toD.Talk about( )55.A.ranB.cameC.wentD.turnedDDBABCAAD(三)2009 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试Sunday was going to be the birthday for me and my other two46month, we decided toclassmates.As we were born in thehave a big party toOn that evening, we invited all of our classmates.We prepareda lot of food and drinks.After singing the birthday song, we48the delicious cake together.We sang more songs and playedgames.Then someone told funny stories, and49laughed.Threehours flew by quickly.Because we had to50before 11:00, weended our party at 10:00.Before we left, our classmates gave5147 it.of us a birthday card with their best wishes. 52we took somepictures together.What a great time we had! At that moment, I feltlove, happiness and friendship.Before the party, only my53could remember my birthday,and I had never had such a big party and so many friends wishes.5455I wanted to say to my classmates, “Thank you, and I willforget this evening, especially each of you！”( )46.A.different C.same( )47.A.cost C.laughB.best D.some B.celebrateD.loveCB( )48.A.sent C.prepared( )49.A.everyone C.anyone( )50.A.go to the party C.go to schoolB.rememberedD.sharedB.someoneD.no oneB.go to bedD.go to workB.someB.FirstlyD.mostD.Anyway( )51.A.both( )52.A.Finally( )53.A.teachers C.parentsC.eachC.HoweverB.classmatesD.friends( )54.A.Since( )55.A.alreadyB.SoB.yetC.ThoughC.everD.After D.neverDABCACBD
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