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完形填空突破(三)议论文1议论型完形填空的特点(1)议论形式的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后,作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。(2)议论形式的完形填空一般都是由论点（作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象）、论据（用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法）这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题分析问题解决问题的过程。(3)英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点,因此,在词语表达上除了客观之外,还比较注重委婉。常用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和情态动词can,could,may,might,would,should等。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性,往往较多地使用since,now that,therefore,in that case,because,so,but,however等过渡词和连接词。2议论型完形填空的备考策略(1)遵循“首句”原则对于议论文形式的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的首句是做好试题的基本原则之一。有一项调查结果表明,英语议论文有60%90%的主旨句在文章的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就“牵住了牛鼻子”,再理解文意也就不难了。(2)理清论点、论据、结论议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比,议论型完形填空稍微难做。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的,我们只要把握事件发生、发展的过程,就能将情景掌握好。然而议论文形式的完形填空就不这么简单了,如果我们对哪是论点、哪是论据、哪是结论都不清楚,只是莽撞地选择答案,其结果可想而知。所以理清论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。(3)“三论”结合验证答案一般来说,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系,因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论据与论点相悖,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那就说明我们对于文章的把握欠条理和系统,我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分,直到清楚为止,然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。1(2010·长治一次月考)In our life,we have rarely expressed our gratitude to the ones whod lived those years with us.In fact,we dont have to wait for 1 to thank the ones closest to usthe ones so easily 2 .If I have learned anything about giving thanks,it is this：Give it now！ 3 your feeling of appreciation is alive and sincere,act on it.Saying thanks is such an easy way to 4 the worlds happiness.Saying thanks not only 5 someone elses world,but brightens yours.If youre feeling 6 ,unloved or unappreciated,try reaching out to others.It may be just the 7 you need.Of course,there are times when you cant express gratitude 8 .In that case dont let embarrassment sink you into silencespeak up the first time you have the chance.Once a young minister,Mark Brian,was sent to a 9 town of Kwakiutl Indians in British Columbia.The Indians,he had been told,did not have a 10 for thankyou.But Brian soon found that these people had 11 generosity.Instead of saying thanks,it is their custom to 12 every favor with a favor of their own,and every kindness with an equal or superior 13 .They do their thanks.I wonder if we had words in our 14 for thankyou.Would we do a better job of 15 our gratitude？Would we be more responsive,more sensitive,more caring?Thankfulness sets in motion a chain reaction that 16 people all around usincluding ourselves.For no one ever 17 the tune of a grateful heart.Its message is 18 ；its words go 19 all earthly barriers；its music 20 the heavens. 1A.requirementsBanniversaries Ccelebrations Dcongratulations答案B解析考查概括和推理。由首句可知,在生活中,我们很少向那些和我们一起生活许多年的人表达感激之情。此处表示事实上我们不必非要等到周年纪念日时才向他们表示谢意。anniversary周年纪念日；requirement需要,需求；celebration庆祝；congratulations贺词。只有anniversary符合句意。2A.overlookedBsatisfied Cattended Dappreciated答案A解析考查过去分词。此处“so easily 2 ”为过去分词短语作定语修饰ones。overlook忽视,忽略；satisfy使满意；attend参加；照料；appreciate赏识,感激。结合句意,只有A项合适。此处表达的是“一些我们最容易忽略的人”。3A.While BSince CAlthough DDespite答案A解析考查语境。句意为：在你的感激之情活跃而真诚时,把它表达出来吧。while在时候；since既然,因为,用来引导原因状语从句；although虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句；despite介词,意思是“不管,尽管”,故应选while。4A.add up to Badd to Cmake up Dlook for答案B解析考查动词短语。add to增加；add up to总计；make up虚构；补足；look for寻找。此处不定式短语作定语,只有add to合适,表示“说出感谢是增加快乐的如此简单的方式”。5A.widensBstrengthens Cclears Dbrightens答案D解析考查动词和上下文照应。此处是一个并列句,后一句省略了also,故前一句中也要使用brightens。句意为：表达感谢不仅能照亮别人的世界,而且也能照亮你的世界。widen(使)变宽；strengthen加强,巩固；clear扫除,清除,结合句意和上下句的结构可以排除这三项。6A.worn out Bleft behind Ccut out Dleft out答案D解析考查并列关系。分析句子结构可知,此处的短语必须能与unloved,unappreciated构成并列关系,表达详尽的意义。leave out有“忽视,使不受欢迎”之意,符合要求。wear out(使)精疲力竭；leave behind留下,忘了带；cut out删去；停止,意思都明显不符。7A.requirement Border Cmedicine Dencouragement答案C解析考查语境。根据上下文可知,如果你感到你被冷落,向其他人表示你对他们感兴趣,这或许正是你需要的“良药”。medicine良药,有效的东西,可以比喻为解决问题的方法,符合句意。requirement需求,要求；order命令；顺序；encouragement鼓励,都与句意不符。8A.safely Bimmediately Ccarefully Drightly答案B解析考查副词和上下文照应。结合下句中的“有机会的时候把它大声说出来”可知,此处意为“有些时候你不能马上表达自己的感激之情”。safely安全地；immediately立即,马上；carefully小心地,谨慎地；rightly正确地。结合词义和语境可知,答案为immediately。9A.remote Bnearby Ccrowded Dpoor答案A解析考查行文逻辑。结合上下文的意思及其提到的“印第安人”可知,Mark Brian应是到了一个遥远的、偏僻的小镇,故用remote遥远的,偏僻的。nearby附近的；crowded拥挤的；poor贫穷的,文中均没有涉及。10A.purpose Bdesire Cword Dheart答案C解析考查行文逻辑。结合下一句的转折可知,印第安人不用语言来表示感谢,而是以自己的行动体现出来,并非没有感激之意,所以不能说他们没有这种意图(purpose)或欲望(desire),同样heart也错误。have a word for表示“说”。11A.special Bstrange Crespected Dunknown答案A解析考查形容词。结合句意可知,此处说的是他们有着与众不同的特点,即这些人有着特别的慷慨。special特别的,特殊的；strange陌生的,奇怪的；respected受尊敬的；unknown未知的。根据句意可知,special为正确答案。12A.sell Bshow Cdo Dreturn答案D解析考查逻辑关系。结合上下文可知,他们不是将感谢说出来,而是以实际行动来回报对方的帮助,故最佳答案为return。sell出售,卖；show显示,展现；do做；return回报,归还。13A.kindness Bmanner Creward Dvalue答案A解析考查平行关系。结合前文的“every favor with a favor of their own”可知,此处应用kindness,意为“友好的行为,好事”。manner方法,态度；reward报酬,奖赏；value价值。14A.world BvocabularyCknowledge Dbooks答案B解析考查语境。结合语境“我想在我们的词汇中是否有表示感谢的词语”可知答案。world世界；vocabulary词汇；knowledge知识；book书。15A.communicating Bconnecting Cconvincing Dcopying答案A解析考查动词。结合上下文语境,此处表达的应是“传递,表达”谢意。communicate传达,传递。连接(connect)、说服(convince)和复制(copy)都不符合文意。16A.treats Btranslates Ctransports Dtransforms答案D解析考查动词。set sth.in motion使(某物)运转,开动(机器)等,使(程序等)开始。本句话的意思是“感谢会产生连锁反应,而这会改变我们周围的人,包括我们自己”transform改变,符合句意和逻辑。17A.getsBmisleads Cmisunderstands Dmisspells答案C解析考查逻辑关系。结合上句,此处在解释说明原因,表达为什么感谢有如此的力量,故此句句意应是“没人会误解一颗感激之心”。get获得,变成；mislead把带坏；misunderstand误解,误会；misspell拼错。故选C项。18A.common Buniversal Cordinary Dusual答案B解析考查形容词。universal全体的,普遍的；common常见的；ordinary普通的；usual惯常的。此处解释感谢的特点和作用,即它传递的信息是普遍的,为大众所公认的。故选B项。19A.beyond Bover Cbesides Dthrough答案A解析考查介词搭配。此处介词与go构成的短语要与句中的barriers搭配。句意为：它的语言能超越世俗的障碍。go beyond超出,符合语境。go over复习；查看；go through经历,遭受；besides除之外,均不符合句意。20A.covers Bexcites Ctouches Ddecorates答案C解析考查动词。cover覆盖；touch感动；excite使激动,使兴奋；decorate装饰。结合语境,此处应用touch。句意为：它的音乐可以感动上天。2(2009·江苏)The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community.As a result,all students must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma.Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,working in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience,students must keep a journal(日志) and then write a 5 about what they have learned.Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning.Perhaps most importantly,students are forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others.Students are also able to learn reallife skills that 9 responsibility,problemsolving,and working as part of a team. 10 ,students can explore possible careers 11 service learning.For example,if a student wonders what teaching is like,he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month. 12 there are many benefits,opponents(反对者) 13 problems with the new requirement.First,they 14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.Because service learning is timeconsuming,students spend 15 time studying the core subjects.Second,they believe that forcing students to work without 16 goes against the law.By requiring service,the school takes away an individuals freedom to choose.In my view,service learning is a great way to 17 to the community,learn new skills,and explore different careers. 18 ,I dont believe you should force people to help othersthe 19 to help must come from the heart.I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices：a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service.Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility,and as young adults,we must learn to handle both wisely.1A.spend Bgain Ccomplete Dsave答案C解析此空要求选择一个谓语动词,而且其宾语是service learning,不是sixty hours。sixty hours在句中作的是定语,根据搭配和句意可知此题应该选C项,意思是完成60小时的服务性活动的学习。本题易误选A项,但spend作“花费”讲时,其宾语是表示时间和金钱的名词,所以它是错误的。2A.and Bor Cbut Dfor答案B解析此题选or,意思是“否则”。句意为：否则他们将得不到毕业证。3A.Subjects BIdeas CProcedures DExamples答案D解析根据下文include后的内容可知此处应该选examples。subjects科目；主题；ideas主意,想法；procedures程序,步骤,均不合题意。4A.With BBefore CDuring DAfter答案C解析在活动期间学生要写日志,然后再写报告。所以此处用during,意为“在期间”。5A.diary Breport Cnote Dnotice答案B解析学生每天写日志,最终将会总结而成的是“报告”。diary日记；note(笔记)和前文的journal意思相近,所以不正确；notice通知,也不合句意。6A.courses Bbenefits Cchallenges Dfeatures答案B解析从上下文可以看出此处说的是支持者认为此项活动有许多“益处”。7A.beyond Babout Cover Din答案A解析最重要的好处是强迫学生不仅仅考虑自己,还要考虑他人的需要。beyond their own interests意为“超越他们自己的利益”。8A.careful Bproud Ctired Daware答案D解析become aware of意为“意识到”,符合句意。9A.possess Bapply CincludeDdevelop答案C解析下文紧接着举了三个例子,所以此空用include,其词义是“包括”。10A.Gradually BFinallyCLuckily DHopefully答案B解析从上下文可以看出,学生研究一项可能的职业应当是这项培训的最高要求,所以用finally。11A.through Bacross Cof Don答案A解析through意为“通过”,符合句意。12A.So BThus CSince DWhile答案D解析因为下文提到的是反对者的观点,所以用while虽然,然而,引导让步状语从句。13A.deal with Blook into Cpoint outDtake down答案C解析反对者当然是“指出”一些问题。deal with对付,处置；look into调查；检查；take down拿下；写下,记下,都不符合句意。14A.argue Bdoubt Coverlook Dadmit答案A解析反对者的观点也是言之确凿的,所以此处不能用doubt。overlook忽略；admit允许进入；承认,不符合句意。argue后跟that从句时意为“主张,认为”,符合句意。15A.much Bfull Cless Dmore答案C解析service learning占用了时间所以学习时间就减少了。故此处用less。16A.cost Bpay Ccare Dpraise答案B解析根据常识可知此处应该选pay。句意为：第二,他们认为强迫学生工作而不付给报酬是违反法律的。17A.contribute Bappeal Cattend Dbelong答案A解析从下文可知作者首先承认了这项活动对社区的贡献,所以此处用contribute。18A.Therefore BOtherwise CBesides DHowever答案D解析两句之间是转折关系,所以用however。19A.courage Bdesire Cemotion Dspirit答案B解析句意为：想要帮助别人的愿望必须来自于内心深处。desire愿望,欲望；courage勇气；emotion情感,情绪；spirit精神。20A.decision Bpurpose Csolution Dresult答案C解析从下文可知这是一个解决问题的方法,所以用solution。decision决定,决心；purpose目的,意图；result结果。
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