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Unit 01In-class reading passage universal 1.1/ make an attempt to 2.2/ diverse 2.3/ a labor of love 2.6/ sensitive 3.5/ trigger 3.15/ a string of 3.15/ the focus of attention 3.20/ mutual 4.5/ tease 4.6/ selectively 4.6/ beyond the reach of 4.10/ tempt 4.11/ present 5.8/ range from to 6.5/ subtle 6.6/ comedian 7.4/ appeal to 7.5 &10.14/ lie in 7.11/ value 7.17/ familiarity 7.17/ deliver 9.13/ irritated 10.7/ alternative 11.3/ sophisticated 11.6 & 13.3/ variation 12.2/ mild 12.6/ under our noses 12.15/ clarification 12.16/ suggestive 13.3/ be blamed for 13.7/ persist 13.8As one who has enjoyed humor since I first recognized it, Ive made an attempt to explain and discuss humor with students in such diverse cultures as Latin America and China. 2.1我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大， 有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if Ive just read the weather report. 3.1为什么我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen. 4.9布利茨恩在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗得外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。The audience knows in advance what will be said, because it is classic humor, and any audience values it even more because of its familiarity. 7.15由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。This clarification, of course, does nothing to correct the first statement and the double meaning of the joke becomes even more laughable. 12.16当然，这个解释并没有纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变得更加好笑。After-class reading passageappeal 2.1/ recognizable 2.4/ plot 2.4/ start with 3.1/ end with 3.3/ clue 3.4/ reveal 3.6/ formula 3.6 instinct 3.7/ curiosity 3.7/ assemble 4.9/ rigid 5.1/ commit 5.8/ suspect 5.9/ dated 6.3/ predictable 6.4/ shatter 6.4/ penalty 7.2/ identify 7.4/ convict 8.3/ miscarriage 8.4/ contemporary 9.2/ psychologically 9.5/ complex 9.5/ unsettle 9.12/ affection 10.1/cozy 10.2/ detective drama 10.5/ under arrest 10.6/ take on 11.3/ obsession 12.1/ fictional 12.4/ exert its fatal attraction 13.3The formula appeals to the strongest of human instincts-curiosity-and its popularity shows no sign of going away. 3.6 这种模式吸引了人类最强烈的本能好奇心而人们对这种模式欢迎的程度没有任何减弱的迹象。When a murder is commited, theres no shortage of suspects to be investigated. 5.8当谋杀案发生时，需要调查的嫌疑人不在少数。Criminals go unpunished, people are wrongly convicted and there are miscarriages of justice. 8.2犯罪会逍遥法外，法律会伤及无辜，审判不公时有发生Murder is still considered to be entertainment and the television schedules are full of detective dramas which end with a murderer safely under arrest. 10.3谋杀故事仍被看作是一种消遣娱乐，而且电视节目表里也充斥着那些以杀人犯肯定被捕而告终的侦探剧。So long as human beings remain curious, there seems no doubt that the whodunit in all its various forms, will continue to exert its fatal attraction. 13.1只要人类还有好奇心，那么毫无疑问，各种各样的侦探小说就会继续发挥它致命的诱惑力。Unit 02In-class reading passage intrigue 1.3/ column 2.5/ inspiring 2.6/ make a habit of 3.2/ all walks of life 3.3/ be flooded with 4.3/ recipient 4.4/ spirit-lifting 4.5/ uplifting 5.3/ be on to sth. 5.4/ unresponsive 5.5/ reassurance 5.6/ boost 5.6/ shy away from 6.2/ sentimental 6.4/ drawback 7.1/ attach importance to 7.2/ savor 7.5/ virtually 8.5/ cordial 8.6/ associate 8.8/ acquaintance 8.9/ be characterized as 9.3/ lift up 9.5/ be credited for 9.7/ turn . around 9.7/ reinforcement 10.6/ thrive on 10.6/ practitioner 11.4/ vague 14.3/ precise 14.4/ spontaneous 15.1/ linger in 15.2/ stationery 16.4/ Its that counts 16.5/ milestone 17.5/ acknowledge 17.11/ considering 17.13/ complimentary 19.1/ mentor 19.2/ overdue 19.5In a world too often cold and unresponsive, such notes bring warmth and reassurance. 5.4在这样一个习惯于冷漠，无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。 We all need a boost from time to time, and a few lines of praise have been known to turn around a day, even a life. 5.6 我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。Throughout his career he has followed up virtually every contact with a cordial responsea compliment, a line of praise or a nod of thanks. 8.4 在他整个职业生涯中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信，内容亲切一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一段感谢语。His notes go not only to friends and associates, but to casual acquaintances and total strangerslike the surprised person who got a warm pat on the back for lending Bush an umbrella. 8.7 他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人象那位借伞给他的人，后来收到他热情洋溢的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 Acknowledging some success or good fortune that has happened during the year seems particularly appropriate considering the spirit of the Christmas season. 17.11鉴于圣诞节的氛围，对一年来所取得的成功与得到的好运特意表示一下赞美和祝贺似乎是恰到好处的。 After-class reading passagedelightful 1.7/ incessantly 2.1/ permission 2.2/ make sth. of . 2.7/ become accustomed to doing sth. 2.8/ novice 3.3/ blurt out 4.1/ act on 4.5/ deliberately 5.3 / proceed 5.5/ wink at 6.2/ shrug my shoulders 6.4/ sense 8.3 / be edgy with 8.4/ remainder 9.1/ serviceman 15.1/ military 15.1/ coffin 15.2/ sheepishly 18.2/ ragged 18.9Very neat in appearance, he had that happy-to-be-alive attitude that made even his occasional mischievousness delightful. 1.4 他外表非常整洁，他那乐天派的态度甚至使他那偶尔的淘气也显得那么的可爱。I didnt know what to make of it at first, but before long I became accustomed to hearing it many times a day. 2.6起初我不明白他的话到底什么意思，可是每天听他说好多遍，不久我就习以为常了。I hadnt asked any of the students to help me watch Mark, but since I had stated the punishment in front of the class, I had to act on it. 4.2我并没有让任何学生帮我监视马克，但是既然我已经当着全班的面说了惩罚办法，我就要说到做到。We had worked hard on a new concept all week, and I sensed that the students were growing frustrated with themselvesand edgy with one another. 8.1我们整整一周都在学习一个新概念，我感觉到学生们开始泄气了，而且相互间变得急躁易怒。Opening the billfold, he carefully removed two worn pieces of notebook paper that had obviously been taped, folded and refolded many times. 17.1他把皮夹打开，小心翼翼地拿出两张破旧的笔记本纸。很明显，那纸已经用胶带粘贴、反反复复折叠过很多次了。Unit 03In-class reading passage Innumerable 1.2/ constitute 1.3/ masculine 1.4/ feminine 1.4/ heredity 1.5/ become incorporated into 1.8/ unconsciously 1.13/ aspiration 1.14/ bias 2.3/ favorover 2.3/ unintentional 2.5/ postgraduate 2.13/ call on 2.14/ tremendous 2.16/ have an impact on 2.16/ diminish 2.28/ noticeably 2.28/ subordination 2.28/ assign 3.4/ in accordance with 3.5/ stereotyped 3.5/ be deprived of 3.13/ vital 3.13/ dimension 4.1/ assumption 4.2/ be superior to 4.8/ genetic 4.10/ intellectual curiosity 5.10/ be approved of 5.14/ obedience 5.15/ carry over 5.15/ analytical 5.22/ reinforce 5.25/ turn out 5.251.This has a tremendous impact on the learning process for, in general, those students who become active classroomparticipants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement. 2.15 这对学习过程有着巨大的影响，因为总的来说，那些积极的课堂活动参与者对学习更加乐观有信心，并能在今后取得更大的成就。2.It was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were “taking over” the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. 2.24教授们和女学生们都发现男孩们正在“接管”课堂讨论，而女生积极参与的程度则明显下降。3.Research done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. 3.1赛德克夫妇所作的研究显示，教师有时候会按照固有的性别模式给男孩子和女孩子布置不同的任务，这样便不知就不见地使女孩子不能像男孩子一样积极地参与。4.Since hands-on-work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives. 3.10既然使用课堂材料动手操作是早期教育的一个重要方面，这些女孩子就这样被剥夺了重要的学习经历，这会影响到她们今后的整个人生。5.Thus, through the educational process that occupies most of the childs waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold. 5.22教育过程占据了孩子除睡眠以外的大部分时间，社会则通过这一过程加强了它固有的价值观，并按其传统的、 期望的模式造就了不同性别的人。After-class reading passagein a minority 1.3/ be accustomed to 1.6/ protest 1.8/ disrupt 1.8/ discrimination 2.4/ be typical of 2.5/ deliberately 3.3/ set out to do sth 3.3/ go too far 3.5/ deprive sb of sth 5.3/ allocate 5.7/ authority 6.4/ pervade 7.2/ disregard 8.5/ be obliged to 8.5/ burn to death 9.3/ essay 10.3/ make a thing of 10.5 /contempt 11.2/ dramatically 11. 9/ at a disadvantage 12.2/ They are allowed to tease the girls and they receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. 1.3他们被允许取消女生，他们作业做得马虎却受到表扬，要是女生做这样的作业就得不到宽容。Boys are accustomed to being teachers pet, an, if girls get anything like equal treatment, boys will protest and even disrupt lessons. 1.5男生们习惯于做老师的宠儿，若女生得到任何一点与男生平等的待遇，男生就会抗议，甚至扰乱课堂教学。She argues that discrimination against girls is so typical of co-educational schools that single-sex classes are then only answer. 2.3她认为在男女同校的学校里，歧视女生的现象太典型了，唯一的解决办法是实行男女生分班上课。In other words, when teachers give girls mote than a third of their time, they feel that they are depriving the boys of their rightful share. 5.1也就是说，当老师花在女生身上的时间超过三分之一时，他们就觉得自己剥夺了男生应得的时间。But girls can be ignored; their hands can be held up for ages, and their often polite requests for assistance are disregarded as the teacher is obliged to remain with the boys.” 8.2 然而女生的要求会被忽视，她们长时间地举着手，通常很礼貌地请求帮助但老师不予理睬，因为老师必须关注那些男生。Unit 04In-class reading passage creativity 1.1/ practically 2.3/ manufacture 2.4/ substance 2.6/ perfect 2.9/ strategy 3.1/ function 3.6/ approach 4.3&7.3/ sacrifice for 6.5/ apply . to .6.7/ combine . with .7.5/ be up to 7.20/ workable 7.22/ scorn 7.28/ dismiss 7.28/ involve in 8.2/ consequence 8.5/ by its nature 9.4/ conventional 9.5/ item 10.4/ automatically 10.8/ trait 10.12/ motivation 10.13If Dick Drew had listened to his boss in 1925, we might not have a product that we now think of as practically essential: masking tape. 2.1 如果1925年迪克德鲁听从了他老板的意见，也许我们就不会有遮护胶带这种用品了。现在我们几乎离不开它It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children, both at home and at school. 3.1 这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用，而且全国各地的专家认为，对孩子也应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学校。Creativity is the matter of using the resources one has to produce original ideas that are good for something. 5.5 创造性是指能利用已有的资源想出新点子，而这些点子有助于解决某方面的问题。Experts say that it is important to create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creativea place where wild ideas are honored and valued, never scorned or dismissed. 7.24专家认为必须创造一个可以自由发挥创造力的氛围，一个尊重和赞赏而不是鄙视或不理会荒诞想法的环境。They can involve children in decision making if the problem is appropriate, asking the child for suggestions. 8.1如果遇到合适的问题，家长可以就该问题征求孩子的意见，让他们参与决策。After-class reading passageslot 1.11/ rectangular 1.12/ vigorously 2.2/ vicinity 2.3/ manual 2.5/ orient 2.6/ exploratory 3.4/ mere 3.7/ passerby 3.8/ / intervene 3.12/ expectantly 3.16/ on occasion 3.17/ for the sake of 4.1/ intervention 4.3/ supervision 4.5/ socialization 4.10/ agenda 5.8/ withdraw 5.11/ retrieve 5.13/ awkwardly 5.17/ child-rearing 6.4/ not in the least 6.9The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number printed on it. 1.6我们房间的钥匙系在一块大塑料牌上，牌上印有房间号。Because of his young age, lack of manual dexterity, and incomplete understanding of the need to orient the key “just so”, he would usually fail. 2.4 可是因为他太小，手不灵活，又不完全理解钥匙要放在“正好”的位置才能插进钥匙孔里，所以，他往往放不进去。He loved to bang the key on the slot and probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds it made, and the physical feelings it gave him, as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot. 2.8 他喜欢用钥匙砰砰敲打窄孔，也许他从钥匙的撞击声及敲敲打打给他带来的肢体感受中得到的乐趣，不亚于偶尔有几次把钥匙真地插入窄孔时所给予他的乐趣。She would then smile somewhat expectantly at Elle or me, as if awaiting a thank youand on occasion, would frown slightly, as if to criticize us as parents. 3.15 然后她会有所期待地对埃伦或者我微笑，好像在等着我们感谢她或者有时也会微微地皱起眉头，好像是在批评我们做父母的没有尽到责任。But it also became clear to us that we were dealing with totally different attitudes about the preferred behavior for children and the proper role of adults in their socialization. 4.7 然而，同样明显的是，在希望孩子怎样行事，在孩子融入社会生活时大人应起的作用方面，我们遇到了两种截然不同的态度。Unit 05In-class reading passage Passage Iexcept for 1.1/ golf course 1.8/ commercial 1.15/ deny 1.16/ endorsement 2.7/ follow our lead 2.8/ sneaker 2.9/ cereal 2.9/ pose 3.6/ run into 3.7/ perfection 4.2/ give of 4.6/ look up to 4.8/ determination 4.9/ handle 2.12/ dunk 5.2/ lets face it 5.11/ reinforce 5.15/ take something too far 6.2/ put sb. on a pedestal 6.2/ be bound to 6.4/ fall off 6.4/ worship 6.7/ scary 6.16/ publicity 7.3/ confining 7.12/ have a fit 7.15/ you name it 7.19/ measure up to ones expectations 7.20/ outweigh 8.2/ championship 9.5I dont think we can accept all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete and not accept the responsibility of being a role model, of knowing that kids and even some adults are watching us and looking for us to set an example. 2.1 我认为我们不能只接受作为著名运动员而带来的荣誉和金钱，而拒绝承担作行为榜样（而应负的）责任， 我们有责任知道孩子们，甚至一些大人们正看着我们，期望我们树立起一个榜样。 There are days when I dont want to pose for a picture with every fan I run into, when I dont feel like picking up babies and giving them hugs and kisses (no matter how cute they are), those are the days I just try to avoid the public. 3.6 有些日子，我并不想同遇见的每个球迷都摆姿势合影，不想抱起婴儿拥抱、亲吻（无论他们有多可爱）。处在这种时候，我就尽量避开公众。As athletes, we cant take the place of parents, but we can help reinforce what they try to teach their kids. 5.13 作为运动员，我们不能取代父母，但是我们能协助他们去强化他们努力教给孩子们的那些思想。Parents just have to make sure they dont take it too far. Sometimes they put us on a pedestal that feels more like a tightrope-so narrow that were bound to fall off eventually. 6.1 父母亲一定不能做得太过火。他们有时把我们奉若神明，使我们感到是在走钢索-在这么细的钢索上我们最终必定会摔下来。Its a great feeling to think youre small part of the reason that a kid decided to give school another try instead of dropping out or that a kid had the strength to walk away when someone offered him drugs. 8.2想到某个孩子决定在事业上再做一番尝试而不是辍学，或者碰到有人向他兜售毒品时，能从毒贩子身边走开，而这其中也有你的一小部分功劳时，那种感觉好极了。After-class reading passages on the surface 2.2/ gloriously 2.4/ legitimately 2.6/ courageous 2.6/ thrilling 2.7/ disorderly 2.8/ arena 2.9/ paradox 3.1/ and the like 2.3/ transform 2.5/ unremarkable 2.6/ competitive 2.8/ on top of this 2.12/ be characterized by 2.15/ privilege 2.16/ perpetually 4.3/ conceited 4.11/ artificially 5.5/ shield.from. 5.6/ eligibility 5.11/ attorney 5.13/ given 6.1/ invariably 6.8/ overprotected 7.1/ flattered 7.1/ inevitably 7.4/ privileged 7.5/ rightfully 8.9/ discard 8.12/ needless to say 8.20/ disadvantaged 9.6/ misguide 10.1/ fundamentally 10.7In an increasingly complicated and disorderly world, sports are still an arena in which we can regularly witness a certain kind of greatness. 2.7 在一个日益复杂无序的世界中，体育仍是一个可以让我们时常目睹某种伟大表现的竞技场。2. Yet theres something of a paradox here, for the very qualities a society tends to seek in its heroes-selflessness, social consciousness, and the like-are precisely the opposite of those needed to transform a talented but otherwise unremarkable neighborhood kid into a Michael Jordan. 3.1 然而这显然是自相矛盾的，社会想从英雄身上寻求的品质，如大公无私、社会意识等等，恰好与运动员所需的品质大相径庭，用这些品质是无法把一个有体育天赋而在其他方面表现平平的街坊小孩变成迈克尔.乔丹的。On top of this, our society reinforces these traits by the system it has created to produce athletes- a system characterized by limited responsibility and enormous privilege. 2.12 此外，我们的社会用它创建的培养运动员的制度进一步强化了这些特征。该制度的特征是：责任有限，待遇丰厚。4. And for those successful enough to rise to the level of big-time college sports, the “reward” is often an artificially controlled social environment, one that shields them form many of the responsibilities other students face. 5.3 对于那些能在最高水平的大学体育竞技中崭露头角的运动员来说，“回报”往往是一种人为设置的社会环境，这种环境使他们免于承担其他学生要面对的许多责任。5. Overprotected by universities, flattered by local communities, give star status by the public, rewarded with seven or eight-figure salaries, successful athletes inevitably develop the feeling that they are privileged beings-as indeed they are. 7.1 大学的过分呵护、当地社区的吹捧、公众给予的明星地位，以及七八位数字的年薪，这些使 得成功的运动员必然形成这样的感觉：他们是有特权的人-他们也确实是有特权的人。Unit 07In-class reading passage Passage Ifaculty 1.1/ confront 1.9/ routine 3.3&4.9/ presentation 4.3/ look back on 2.5/ distinguish .from. 2.7/ ill-advised 2.10/ abuse 2.12&8.5/ forgiving 3.1/ deadline 3.5/ matter 4.4/ unimaginative 4.9/ fantasy 5.1/ pretense 5.4/ conventional 6.1/ address 6.1/ ill-informed 6.8/ for the sake of 6.9 / adequate 6.11/ unchallenging 6.13 / commencement 7.1/ act out 8.5/ be rid of 8.12/ unlearn 8.13Passage IIPreparatory 1.6/ formulate 2.3/ make it 2.6/ put 3.2/ pop into my mind 3.4/ crucial 3.8/ budget 3.10/ tolerant 3.11/ broaden our view 3.14/ get away with 4.3/ tough 4.15/ get down to 4.15/ by no means 4.19/ due 5.3Despite your fantasies, it was not even that we wanted to be liked by you. It was that we did not want to be bothered, and the easy way out was pretense: smiles and easy Bs. 5.1 (passage I) 对这一切尽管你们可以想入非非，但我们决不是因为想要讨你们的欢心，而是因为我们不想让你们来罗嗦。一 个简单的办法就是作假：微笑，让你们轻轻松松都得B。It has failed you by being easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, interesting, unchallenging fun. 6.11(passage I) 由于大学成了一个轻松、自由、包容、体贴、舒适，充满乐趣、好玩的地方，它没有对你们尽到责任。I mean, when you give you what you want but have not earned, dont abuse them, insult them, act out with them your parlous relationship with your parents. 8.3 (passage I) 我的意思是，当他们把你们想要但不是你们应得的东西给了你们时，要善待他们，不要侮辱他们，不要再他们身上重演你们与父母之间的那种糟糕的关系。At college, we must learn to budget our time (and money!) and to be tolerant (otherwise we wouldnt survive in a crowded triple room!) 3.10 (passage II) 在大学里，我们必须学会计划时间（还包括计划用钱），学会容忍（否则，住在一个拥挤的三人间里，我们会无法过下去的）。When the going gets tough, the tough have to get down to work because, unlike what Neusner believes, college does not give “painless” solutions to mistakes. 4.14 (passage II) 当学习紧张时，本来刻苦学习的人也得更加努力 学习，因为大学并不像诺伊斯纳所认为的那样，会给失误提供“省事的”解决办法。After-class reading passagedepressing 1.3/ desperation 2.4/ cough up 2.6/ against all odds 3.6/ head for 3.9/ in session 3.13/ leisurely 8.1/ stroll 8.2/ stagger 8.3/ mutter 8.4/ lengthy 9.6/ tentative 9.7/ curse 9.8/ moan 9.8/ be gazed over 9.14/ charitable 10.1/ ease their minds 10.6/ obscure 11.5/ bizarre 12.2/ administrator 12.3/ rotten 12.8/ pathetic 12.10/ institution 12.19/ soothe their minds 13.2/ executive 13.5/ contented 14.5/ dreadful 14.10/ chilling 14.11 1. It is a horror that stays with a person for the rest of his life: the desperation, the frustration, the realization that one has to cough up mounds of knowledge that one doesnt even possess. 2.3 这种恐惧刻骨铭心，一生都忘不了-是一种绝望、沮丧，是意识到自己不得不勉强应答一大堆并未掌握的知识。2. There probably is no feeling in this world more exhilarating than being on a college campus during final exams, and knowing that you dont have to take them. 8.8 出现在大学校园里并且知道你不必参加期末考试，这世界上可能没有比这更令人兴奋的感觉啦。3. Under normal circumstances they probably would have been curious about my presence, but on this night their eyes were so glazed over that they couldnt even think straight. 9.11 在平时，他们可能会对我的出现感到好奇，但是，那天晚上，他们的目光呆滞无神，思维也不清晰了。4. It is a secret that all of us who have been to college learned only after we got out; a secret that, if college students knew it, would ease their minds and make them calm. 10.3 这是我们所有上过大学的人走出校园后才领悟到的秘密，如果让大学生领悟了这个秘密，他们就会轻松、平静。5. The only place youll ever encounter something as bizarre and frightening as a final exam is at college. 12.1只有在大学里，你才会遇上像期末考试那样稀奇古怪、令人恐惧的事情。Unit 8 TimeKey words and Phrasesin-class readingAntique 1/ remind 2/ interact 6/ tension 10/ symptom 10/ stroke 11/ addict 17/ security 18/ synchronic 22/ external 28/ cue 29/ humidity 29/ reshape 33/ alter 35/ brink 36/ recall 36/ accelerate39/ perceptual 39/ thereby 39/ perceive 43/ f
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