汉英篇章翻译：技巧综合分析

C-E汉英篇章翻译：技巧综合分析 说明一（1）京剧歌唱的主要调式有“西皮”和“二黄”两种。（2）两者又各有其转调即“反西皮”和“反二黄”，通称“反调”。（3）此外，属于西皮类的还有“南梆子”、“娃娃调”等曲腔，属于二黄类的还有“四平调”、“高拨子”等曲腔。（4）京剧歌唱的主要板式：“西皮”、“二黄”两种调式，均有原板、慢板、快三眼、导板、回龙腔、散板、摇板等主要板式，此外，二黄又有跺板，西皮又有流水、快板、二六等板式。（5）反调中反二黄有慢板、原板、散板等板式，反西皮有二六板式。说明二（6）京剧行当分生旦净丑四大类，生行有老生（或称须生）、小生、武生，此外还有武老生、武小生、红生（勾红色脸谱，如赵匡胤、关羽等）、娃娃生。（7）旦行有青衣、花旦、老旦、武旦、刀马旦、彩旦（亦可列入丑行）。（8）净行（亦称花脸行），主要有铜锤花脸（重唱工）和架子花脸（重表演）两种，另外还有武花脸（以武打为主）。（9）丑行有文丑、武丑两大类。Note I(1) The principal modes of Beijing Opera singing music (diaoshi) are xipi and erhuang. (2) + (3) Each of these two principal modes is associated with secondary modes: xipi with fanxipi (inverse xipi) and nanbangzi, and erhuang with fanerhuang (inverse erhuang), sipingdiao, and gaobozi. Each secondary mode produces its own distinctive atmosphere. The male and female versions of each mode have characteristic patterns of melodic contour and cadences, and influence melodic construction as well.(4) + (5) Each mode in both its male and female versions may be applied in one of several metrical types (banshi). Each metrical type in each mode sets patterns of meter and tempo, and influences melodic construction through its inherent melodic tendencies. Each metrical type is indicative of a particular psychological state. Erhuang includes the metrical types manban (slow-meter), yuanban (primary-meter), kuaisanyan (fast three-unaccented-beat-meter), daoban (lead-in-meter), huilongqiang (undulating-dragon-tune), sanban (dispersed-meter), yaoban (shaking-meter) and duoban (stamping-meter). Xipi has its own versions of all of these metrical types and additionally it includes liushuiban (flowing-water-meter), erliuban (two-six-meter) and kuaiban (fast-meter).Note II(6) The role types of Beijing Opera are divided into four main headings: sheng (male),dan (female), jing (painted-face) and chou (comic). Each one of these is subdivided into variations of the main role. Every role has its individual techniques of movement, speech and song, as well as its own costume styles and conventional makeup.Sheng (male role): laosheng (elder roles, bearded, singing in natural voice), xiaosheng (young roles, singing in falsetto or in a mixed media of natural voice and falsetto), wusheng (martial roles, skilled in acrobatics and martial techniques, and young in age).(7) Dan (female roles): qingyi (demure and gentle, always exemplary in behavior), huadan (the vivacious and dissipated type, military skills), daomadan (sword and horse type, skilled in fighting with weapons), laodan (old woman, gentle and motherly) and caidan (ugly woman, composed of comic or villainous female characters).(8) Jing (painted-face role), including the principal painted-face role and the minor painted-face role, the civil painted-face role and the martial painted-face role. Some are devoted more to singing while others stress acting.(9) Chou (comic), clown roles, again divided into the civil and the martial, the latter is noted for skillful acrobatics and humorous gymnastic display, rather than a verbal display of wit.（杨知选编，彭阜云、彭工译京剧名唱一百段，中国对外翻译出版公司）分析这一段主要运用的翻译技巧是：重写/改写(rewriting),并辅以其他技巧,如音译加注(transliteration + annotation)，直译加注(literal translation +annotation)，标准汉英(use the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character)，异化(foreignization)，补偿法(compensation)等。句(1) 调式-直译加注(literal translation +annotation)；“西皮”、“二黄”-标准汉英(use the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character)。句(2) + (3) 两句合并(combination)重写,做了适当的内容增补、调整；有-选词(diction)；转调、“反调”-概略化(generalization) ；“xipi with ”、“erhuang with ”-增词(amplification)；“反西皮”、“反二黄”-音译加注(transliteration + annotation)；曲腔-切分(division)；“Each secondary mode.The male and female”-补偿 (compensation)。句（4）+（5）两句重写并切分(division)；板式-直译加注(literal translation +annotation)；“in both its male and female versions”-增词(amplification)；：-选词(diction)；原板、慢板、 流水、快板-音译加注(transliteration + annotation)；“Each metrical type in. Each metrical type is”-补偿(compensation);反调中反二黄有慢板、原板、散板等板式，反西皮有二六板式。减词(omission)。句（6） 整句改写并切分(division)。生旦净丑-音译加注(transliteration + annotation)；“Each one of Each role has”-补偿(compensation)；老生、小生、武生-音译加注(transliteration + annotation)，补偿(compensation)；赵匡胤、关羽-减词 (omission)。句 (7) 音译加注(transliteration + annotation)，补偿(compensation)。句（8）整句切分(division)。铜锤花脸、架子花脸、武花脸-释义(paraphrase)；重唱工、重表演-合并(combination)。句（9）释义(paraphrase)；补偿(compensation)。