FORD福特汽车研发流程介绍

1FORD流程简介早期参与团队标准化管理/汇报 采用唯一的，全球通用到，有纪律的流程尽量减少返工和重复。在产品开发过程早期，与供应商更融洽地合作利用福特跨功能团队与供应商一起在现场工作(4次拜访)使用共同的，明确的交付报告和结构化的管理评审模式GPDS（ Global Product Development System）是FORD公司全球产品开发体系，替代原FPDS福特产品开发体系 GPDS 全球产品开发体系3GPDS 供应商管理过程供应商管理过程-总览总览 PTC/M1DJPTCC PA FDJ PEC LR/ FEC M1 VP TT PP MP1 UnitPTC UnitPA33.5MBJ127MBJ125MBJ120.5MBJ127.5MBJ134MBJ117MBJ113MBJ18MBJ15.5MBJ15MBJ12.5MBJ10MBJ1供应商选供应商选点开始点开始高影响供高影响供应商选择应商选择跨功能小组形成跨功能小组形成启动会议启动会议开始开始第一次现场第一次现场评审评审第二次现场第二次现场评审评审第三次现场第三次现场评审评审第四次现场第四次现场评审评审解决问题解决问题决定：决定：是否进是否进行试生行试生产？产？更新供应商更新供应商 APQP/PPAP 准备状态评估报告准备状态评估报告 (A表表)(655/654) PTC-Program Target Compatibility 项目目标整合PAPA- -Program Approval 项目批准 FDJ-FDJ-Final Data Judgement 工程数据发布VPVP- -Verification Prototype (OTS)样件验证PEC-PEC-Preliminary Engineering Completion 工程数据冻结项目节点（里程碑） LR- -Launch Readiness 生产准备就绪（可生产）TTTT- -Tooling Trial 工装样件 （PSW1）PPPP- -Pilot Production 试生产（可售）(PSW2)MP1MP1- -Mass Production 1 量产 (PSW3)Job #1Job #1 整车投产项目节点（里程碑）6 PTC/M1DJPTCC PA FDJ M1 UnitPTC UnitPA33.5MBJ127MBJ125MBJ120.5MBJ127.5MBJ134MBJ117MBJ113MBJ15MBJ12.5MBJ10MBJ1(655/654) PEC LR/ FEC VP TT PP8MBJ15.5MBJ1 MP1供应商选供应商选点开始点开始关键供关键供应商选择应商选择跨功能小组形成跨功能小组形成启动会议启动会议开始开始第一次现场第一次现场评审评审第二次现场第二次现场评审评审第三次现第三次现场评审场评审第四次现场第四次现场评审评审解决问题解决问题决定：决定：是否进是否进行试生行试生产？产？更新供应商更新供应商 APQP/PPAP 准备状态评估报告准备状态评估报告 (A表表)FORD项目跟踪（装车）节点项目批准工程数据发布手工样件OTSFORD项目开发节点PPAP 的18项Design RecordsDesign Records设计记录设计记录Engineering Change DocumentsEngineering Change Documents工工程变更文件程变更文件Engineering Approval Engineering Approval 工程批准工程批准Design FMEADesign FMEA设计设计FMEAFMEAProcess Flow DiagramsProcess Flow Diagrams过程流程过程流程图图Process FMEAProcess FMEA过程过程FMEAFMEAControl PlansControl Plans控制计划控制计划Measurement System Analysis Measurement System Analysis StudiesStudies测量系统分析研究测量系统分析研究Dimensional ResultsDimensional Results尺寸报告尺寸报告Records of Material / Performance Records of Material / Performance Test ResultsTest Results材料和性能测试结果及材料和性能测试结果及纪录纪录Initial Process StudiesInitial Process Studies初始过程能初始过程能力研究力研究Qualified Laboratory Qualified Laboratory DocumentationDocumentation有资格的实验室文件有资格的实验室文件Appearance Approval ReportAppearance Approval Report外观批外观批准报告准报告Sample Production PartsSample Production Parts生产样件生产样件Master SampleMaster Sample标准样件标准样件Checking AidsChecking Aids检查辅具检查辅具Customer-Specific RequirementsCustomer-Specific Requirements顾顾客特殊要求客特殊要求Production Part Approval Process Production Part Approval Process Submission Warrant (PSW)Submission Warrant (PSW)零件提交零件提交保证书保证书Phased PPAP 要求 Phased PPAPPhased PPAP是是FORDFORD对对PPAPPPAP流程管理的特殊流程管理的特殊要求要求 主要目的是提高正式生产是的质量表现主要目的是提高正式生产是的质量表现 需要供应商证明以下要点：需要供应商证明以下要点： 制造能力制造能力 产品质量产品质量 产能能力产能能力全球阶段性PPAP:是在怎样的基础上建立起来的Phase 3 Capacity Verification产能验证产能验证Phase 2Production Verification生产验证生产验证Phase 1Quality Verification质量验证质量验证Phase 0Run-at-Rate节拍生产节拍生产加强沟通 一至性的沟通 关注少数重要的优先点。 言简意赅 帮助使用者区分优先级1. 去除障碍改善工作流程 简化 稳定化 标准化 节奏化1. 持续性PhasedPPAP供应商阶段性PPAP过程图STATUS:Phase 2Completed Phase 2 Warrant#18YesStatus Tracking Database234Proceed to next pageSubmit to CustomerImportant note:Phase 2 and Phase 3 can happen concurrently if all Inputs and Outputs are satisfiedNoINPUTSReleased design#1,2,3 & 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-x RRJob 1 Location (final site & line)Quantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions & Process parameters #5,6 & 7Production Tools, Facilities & Gauging#8,16 & 17EVENT:Conduct Run at RatePlanned production cycle times required to support Daily Production VolumeOutputs from the eventSTATUS:Phase 0 CompletedImplement Corrective Action on InputWas the Pre-Launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced? Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?YesYesYesYesNoNoNoNoAre the RunRate input requirements in place for the production stream?YesSTARTNo Capacity Analysis WorksheetStatus Tracking Database14Proceed to next pageRequired InputsSubmit to CustomerNote: #x refers to the Element Number in PPAP 4th Edition that will assist in confirming requirementsSTATUS: Phase 1 Completed Continue Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) using parts from Phase 0- Dimensional measurements #9- Material Tests #10- Statistical process package #11- Performance Tests #12- Appearance criteria #13- Sample parts #14- Master samples #15- Customer Specific Requirements#17- as defined by PPAPHave the PPAP elements been satisfied?YesStatus Tracking Database1424Important note: For suppliers with only one production stream completion of Phase 1 & 2 occur at the same timeProceed to next pageReturn to Phase 0 for corrective actionNoSubmit to CustomerPhase 1 Warrant#18Phase 2 WarrantScheduled down time defined (TPM, change over, Breaks etc.) Sub supplier material status from Tier-x Phase 3EVENT: Conduct Capacity Verification RunSTATUS:Phase 3 Completed Quantity required is customer DPV for one full dayAll personnel for all shifts, trained Are the CVR input requirements in place for all production streams?YesENDStatus Tracking DatabaseReturn to affected phase and start corrective action Phase 3 Warrant #18& Capacity Analysis Report Determine Root Cause & Plan Corrective Action Was the control plan followed& acceptable parts produced?Did the volume of acceptable parts produced meet or exceed the requiredDPV?NoYesNo3Required InputsPhase 0Phase 1Phase 2Phase 0Run-at-RatePhase 1Quality VerificationPhase 2Production VerificationPhase 3Capacity Verification1 - 设计记录2 - 工程变更文件3 顾客工程批准4 - 设计FMEA5 - 过程流程图6 - 过程FMEA7 - 控制计划8 - 测量系统分析16 检查辅具17 顾客特殊要求9 - 尺寸报告10 材料和性能检测报告11 - 初始过程能力研究12 - 有资格的实验室文件13 外观批准报告14 生产样件15 标准样件18 零件提交保证书phase1 PSW零件提交保证书 phase2 PSW(要素18)所有的生产线进行节拍生产 (要素1 8, 16, 17)对所有的生产线进行质量验证(要素9 15) 产能分析报告零件提交保证书phase3 PSW (要素 18)产能分析报告Have Run-at-Rates (Phase 0) been conducted and Quality Verifications (Phase 1) been satisfied for ALL production streams?Phased PPAP与PPAP的比较Phased PPAP organizes the process into four phasesPhased PPAP organizes the process into four phases Phase 0: Run-at-Rate 按节拍生产按节拍生产 Phase 1: Quality Verification 质量确认（一条生产线）质量确认（一条生产线） Phase 2: Production Verification 产品验证产品验证 （多条生产线）（多条生产线） Phase 3: Capacity Verification 产能验证产能验证PPAPX1 PPFEUJob 1Phased PPAPPhase 0Phase 1Phase 2Phase 3阶段PPAP的要求1. Phase 0：Run-at-Rate初始按节拍生产正式的生产场地、生产人员正式的设备、工装 夹具、模具、量检具文件齐全：EWO/DFMEA/ FC/ PFMEA/CP/培训记录/顾客特殊要求至少300件连续生产产能分析、MSABuilding on the Basics: Phase 0STATUS:Phase 2Completed Phase 2 Warrant#18YesStatus Tracking Database234Proceed to next pageSubmit to CustomerImportant note:Phase 2 and Phase 3 can happen concurrently if all Inputs and Outputs are satisfiedNoSTATUS: Phase 1 Completed Continue Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) using parts from Phase 0- Dimensional measurements #9- Material Tests #10- Statistical process package #11- Performance Tests #12- Appearance criteria #13- Sample parts #14- Master samples #15- Customer Specific Requirements#17- as defined by PPAPHave the PPAP elements been satisfied?YesStatus Tracking Database1424Important note: For suppliers with only one production stream completion of Phase 1 & 2 occur at the same timeProceed to next pageReturn to Phase 0 for corrective actionNoSubmit to CustomerPhase 1 Warrant#18Phase 2 WarrantScheduled down time defined (TPM, change over, Breaks etc.) Sub supplier material status from Tier-x Phase 3EVENT: Conduct Capacity Verification RunSTATUS:Phase 3 Completed Quantity required is customer DPV for one full dayAll personnel for all shifts, trained Are the CVR input requirements in place for all production streams?YesENDStatus Tracking DatabaseReturn to affected phase and start corrective action Phase 3 Warrant #18& Capacity Analysis Report Determine Root Cause & Plan Corrective Action Was the control plan followed& acceptable parts produced?Did the volume of acceptable parts produced meet or exceed the requiredDPV?NoYesNo3Required InputsPhase 0Phase 1Phase 2Phase 1Quality VerificationPhase 2Production VerificationPhase 3Capacity Verification9 - Dimensional Results10 - Records of Material / Performance Test Results11 - Initial Process Studies12 - Qualified Laboratory Documentation13 - Appearance Approval Report14 - Sample Production Parts15 - Master Sample18 - PPAP WarrantPPAP Warrant (element 18)Run-at-Rate for all production streams (element 1 8, 16, 17)Quality Verification for all production streams (element 9 15) Capacity Analysis Report PPAP Warrant (element 18)Have Run-at-Rates (Phase 0) been conducted and Quality Verifications (Phase 1) been satisfied for ALL production streams?INPUTSReleased design#1,2,3 & 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-x RRJob 1 Location (final site & line)Quantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions & Process parameters #5,6 & 7Production Tools, Facilities & Gauging#8,16 & 17EVENT:Conduct Run at RatePlanned production cycle times required to support Daily Production VolumeOutputs from the eventSTATUS:Phase 0 CompletedImplement Corrective Action on InputWas the Pre-Launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced? Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?YesYesYesYesNoNoNoNoAre the RunRate input requirements in place for the production stream?YesSTARTNo Capacity Analysis WorksheetStatus Tracking Database14Proceed to next pageRequired InputsSubmit to CustomerNote: #x refers to the Element Number in PPAP 4th Edition that will assist in confirming requirementsPhase 0Run-at-Rate1 - 设计记录2 - 工程变更文件3 顾客工程批准4 - 设计FMEA5 - 过程流程图6 - 过程FMEA7 - 控制计划8 - 测量系统分析16 检查辅具17 顾客特殊要求产能分析报告Phase 0: 节拍生产输入设计发布(PPAP #1, 2, 3, 4)供应商应该有可销售产品的设计记录，包括下层件的详细信息。所有的电子档数据，都需要有硬拷贝的文件来进行追踪，以及评审。StartReleased Design#1, 2, 3, 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-X Run-at-RateQuantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Job 1 location (final site and line)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions, and Process Parameters#5, 6, 7Production tools, facilities, and gauging#8, 16, 17Planned production cycle times required to support daily production volumeAre the Run-at-Rate input requirements in place for the production stream?Was the pre-launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced?Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?Implement corrective action on inputEVENT: Conduct Run-at-RateSTATUS: Phase 0 CompleteCapacity AnalysisReportStatus Tracking Database41YESNONONONONOYESYESYESSubmitto customerOutputs from the eventYESPhase 0: 节拍生产输入经过培训的操作员供应商必须出示证据，以证明所有涉及到的现场操作员，已经得到了针对新模具、设备、流程等方面的培训。StartReleased Design#1, 2, 3, 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-X Run-at-RateQuantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Job 1 location (final site and line)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions, and Process Parameters#5, 6, 7Production tools, facilities, and gauging#8, 16, 17Planned production cycle times required to support daily production volumeAre the Run-at-Rate input requirements in place for the production stream?Was the pre-launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced?Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?Implement corrective action on inputEVENT: Conduct Run-at-RateSTATUS: Phase 0 CompleteCapacity AnalysisReportStatus Tracking Database41YESNONONONONOYESYESYESSubmitto customerOutputs from the eventYESPhase 0: 节拍生产输入顾客定义的生产量一般默认为300件连续性的产品供应商必须使用计划的量产状态下的节拍，设备，人员和至少一套模具来进行此次生产。StartReleased Design#1, 2, 3, 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-X Run-at-RateQuantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Job 1 location (final site and line)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions, and Process Parameters#5, 6, 7Production tools, facilities, and gauging#8, 16, 17Planned production cycle times required to support daily production volumeAre the Run-at-Rate input requirements in place for the production stream?Was the pre-launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced?Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?Implement corrective action on inputEVENT: Conduct Run-at-RateSTATUS: Phase 0 CompleteCapacity AnalysisReportStatus Tracking Database41YESNONONONONOYESYESYESSubmitto customerOutputs from the eventYES底盘件：最少300件钣金件：最少30-100件内外饰件：最少30-100件电器件：最少300件 动力系统件：最少动力系统件：最少300件件排气系统：最少300件燃油系统：最少300件节拍生产数量19Phase 0: 节拍生产输入供应商量产零件所使用的生产场地所有的量产件需要在计划的量产场地使用为量产开发的模具，检具，过程，材料，人员，环境和过程设置进行生产。所有的过程参数，必须在节拍生产前完成验证并确认。StartReleased Design#1, 2, 3, 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-X Run-at-RateQuantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Job 1 location (final site and line)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions, and Process Parameters#5, 6, 7Production tools, facilities, and gauging#8, 16, 17Planned production cycle times required to support daily production volumeAre the Run-at-Rate input requirements in place for the production stream?Was the pre-launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced?Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?Implement corrective action on inputEVENT: Conduct Run-at-RateSTATUS: Phase 0 CompleteCapacity AnalysisReportStatus Tracking Database41YESNONONONONOYESYESYESSubmitto customerOutputs from the eventYES20Phase 0: 节拍生产输入生产过程包括控制计划，过程流程图和过程参数PPAP #5,6,7供应商必须有一个能够清晰描述生产步骤和顺序的过程流程图供应商必须要有过程FMEA供应商必须要有过程控制计划StartReleased Design#1, 2, 3, 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-X Run-at-RateQuantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Job 1 location (final site and line)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions, and Process Parameters#5, 6, 7Production tools, facilities, and gauging#8, 16, 17Planned production cycle times required to support daily production volumeAre the Run-at-Rate input requirements in place for the production stream?Was the pre-launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced?Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?Implement corrective action on inputEVENT: Conduct Run-at-RateSTATUS: Phase 0 CompleteCapacity AnalysisReportStatus Tracking Database41YESNONONONONOYESYESYESSubmitto customerOutputs from the eventYES21Phase 0: 节拍生产输入量产模具，设备和检具PPAP #8,16,17供应商必须确认使用的设备、模具、检具状态是否为新开的，整修的还是迁移的用于量产的资源是否符合顾客要求的数量和质量标准StartReleased Design#1, 2, 3, 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-X Run-at-RateQuantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Job 1 location (final site and line)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions, and Process Parameters#5, 6, 7Production tools, facilities, and gauging#8, 16, 17Planned production cycle times required to support daily production volumeAre the Run-at-Rate input requirements in place for the production stream?Was the pre-launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced?Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?Implement corrective action on inputEVENT: Conduct Run-at-RateSTATUS: Phase 0 CompleteCapacity Analysis ReportStatus Tracking Database41YESNONONONONOYESYESYESSubmitto customerOutputs from the eventYES22Phase 0: 节拍生产输入供应商计划产能的生产节拍必须满足顾客的需求供应商必须提供证据证明在计划的量产现场都能满足要求的情况下，生产线能够生产出满足顾客日产量的产品。StartReleased Design#1, 2, 3, 4Trained supplier production operatorsSub-supplier(s) material status from Tier-X Run-at-RateQuantity of parts required as defined by customer (default 300 consecutive parts)Job 1 location (final site and line)Production process including control plan, flow diagram instructions, and Process Parameters#5, 6, 7Production tools, facilities, and gauging#8, 16, 17Planned production cycle times required to support daily production volumeAre the Run-at-Rate input requirements in place for the production stream?Was the pre-launch Control Plan followed?Were the prescribed number of acceptable parts produced?Were the parts produced in the defined period?Did all operations meet their planned cycle time?Implement corrective action on inputEVENT: Conduct Run-at-RateSTATUS: Phase 0 CompleteCapacity AnalysisReportStatus Tracking Database41YESNONONONONOYESYESYESSubmitto customerOutputs from the eventYES2. Phase 1：质量确认 零件尺寸报告 材料、性能检测报告 初始过程能力研究， Ppk=1.67 生产样件 分供方的PSW已签署 提交Phase1 PSW阶段PPAP的要求3. Phase 2：产品验证 所有生产线按节拍生产（Phase0要求） 所有生产线的质量验证（Phase1要求） 分供方全部完成Phase2 提交Phase2 PSW注：针对多条生产线生产同一产品，若只有一条线可省略。阶段PPAP的要求4. Phase 3：产能验证 Phase2 认可的 PSW 所有班次人员完成培训 分供方产能分析 产能分析报告，GP9 证明在5天/周和3班/天的情况下能满足顾客LCR 提交Phase3 PSW阶段PPAP的要求每次提交PPAP时，需要向STA提交检查清单只有该检查清单的所有要素均备STA认可，才能签署PSW 所有班次人员具体要求请联系STA阶段PPAP检查清单所有CC/SC/HIC 需要使用计量型量具所有CC/SC/HIC尽可能采用放错，如不能则需要SPC控制过程能力 Cpk1.33， Ppk1.67所有过程控制需满足FORD特殊要求，如CQI-9过程能力要求Thank You!项目管理项目管理三大要素项目管理三大要素质量、进度、资源质量、进度、资源产品项目特点产品项目特点: : 项目时间性较强项目时间性较强 具备一定的要求或标准具备一定的要求或标准顾客输入顾客输入 产品项目的开展遵循产品项目的开展遵循规定规定的路径的路径顾客要求顾客要求 成本限定性较强成本限定性较强目标成本分解目标成本分解阶段评审（质量阀）项目进度问题清单经验教训商务问题人力资源变更管理发货跟踪项目管理样件确认是一个宝贵的机会，关键的闸口样件确认是一个宝贵的机会，关键的闸口是否只有个别样本？是否只有个别样本？ ( (质量阀质量阀) )小批运行能力小批运行能力是否来自于确定制程？是否来自于确定制程？外观要求确立外观要求确立产品规格确立产品规格确立试验条件确立试验条件确立检验规格是否确定检验规格是否确定材质是否已经明确达到要求？材质是否已经明确达到要求？样件确认：32 PTC/M1DJPTCC PA FDJ M1 UnitPTC UnitPA33.5MBJ127MBJ125MBJ120.5MBJ127.5MBJ134MBJ117MBJ113MBJ15MBJ12.5MBJ10MBJ1(655/654) PEC LR/ FEC VP TT PP8MBJ15.5MBJ1 MP1供应商选供应商选点开始点开始关键供关键供应商选择应商选择跨功能小组形成跨功能小组形成启动会议启动会议开始开始FORD项目跟踪（装车）节点项目批准工程数据发布手工样件OTS项目成功的因素： 项目的目标、范围是否明确；项目的目标、范围是否明确； 是否获得领导的积极支持；是否获得领导的积极支持； 项目的组织是否健全、稳定；项目的组织是否健全、稳定； 是否建立了有序的、有效的、良好的沟通渠道；是否建立了有序的、有效的、良好的沟通渠道； 是否具有有效、全面的项目管理，严格的变更是否具有有效、全面的项目管理，严格的变更控制；控制； 是否建立了良好的、积极的、团队合作的工作是否建立了良好的、积极的、团队合作的工作氛围；氛围；项目关键工作要素：35项目阶段常见问题QSB问题分析响应缓慢快速响应 调试件流入到顾客生产现场不合格品控制 操作检验流程不完善，发生问题岗位验证 员工操作随意性大标准化操作员工没有培训到位标准化的操作工培训 防错出现问题，批量产生缺陷防错验证问题解决措施迟迟无法落实分层审核预见到重大问题，最终还是发生 风险降低 零件污染，影响外观和功能 异物控制二、三级零件质量问题 供应链管理 变更导致的问题变更管理项目阶段常见问题：质量风险识别质量风险识别质量风险遏制质量风险遏制GP128DPR&RCS手段：手段：飞行检查飞行检查产品审核产品审核过程审核过程审核FTQ、RPN降低降低1. 试产阶段之后，批量交付之前，必须进行产品审核,之后按计划定期 进行复审。2. 必须从已生产的成品中-待交付状态抽取样本3. 产品审核所需零件抽样数量应根据产品复杂程度和以往的经验一般 来说一个零件号至少要抽510 件4.在确定了与顾客要求有偏离时,要求供应商制定立即整改措施，在整 改措施和结果得到批准前，所有相关货品处于隔离状态。5. 在检验零件的同时也要对检验和测量设备的品质和性能进行评价,连 同供应商一方的测量作业人员能力，并在过程审核中给予重视,如发 现与要求有偏差也必须商定整改措施.产品审核产品审核质量验证与确认：一、逐工序验证一、逐工序验证 使用控制计划使用控制计划进行每道工序过程审核进行每道工序过程审核 好处：便于操作好处：便于操作 使用限制：试产不足时难以操作使用限制：试产不足时难以操作二、产品验证二、产品验证产品审核产品审核 使用事先制订的特性列表使用事先制订的特性列表包含包装、可包含包装、可靠性、材质等靠性、材质等 好处：严格，全面好处：严格，全面 使用限制：测试条件和人员要求使用限制：测试条件和人员要求刚开始量产阶段-发货控制期GP12客户端图纸上规定的特殊特性与客户端装配有关的尺寸或参数可能造成客户停线特殊过程所产生的结果贯穿性的参数具有可靠测量条件特殊特性的后续作用：特殊特性的后续作用：质量保证的基础质量保证的基础关键过程定位关键过程定位过程能力分析过程能力分析建立特殊特性列表-尽早辨识项目风险： 项目风险是项目在其周期内不期望发生事件的客项目风险是项目在其周期内不期望发生事件的客观不确定性观不确定性 是所有影响项目目标实现的不确定因素的集合是所有影响项目目标实现的不确定因素的集合 包括：事件（不希望发生的变化）事件概率、包括：事件（不希望发生的变化）事件概率、 事件影响、风险源等因素。事件影响、风险源等因素。 项目风险：项目风险的识别：项目风险的识别： 确定风险的来源；确定风险的来源； 风险产生的条件；风险产生的条件； 描述风险的特征；描述风险的特征； 分析风险对项目的影响分析风险对项目的影响风险的种类：风险的种类： 要求不明确、技术、管理、质量、资源、要求不明确、技术、管理、质量、资源、法规、物料法规、物料典型项目风险举例： 物料不能按时到位，或时间到了仍存在质物料不能按时到位，或时间到了仍存在质量问题量问题 产品测试条件欠缺，或潜在所需成本高产品测试条件欠缺，或潜在所需成本高 客户的设计总处于更改之中，要求仍有不客户的设计总处于更改之中，要求仍有不明确之处明确之处 生产工艺水平缺失生产工艺水平缺失 项目周期太紧，没有时间进行完整的前期项目周期太紧，没有时间进行完整的前期质量控制质量控制风险突破：技能，权限，沟通Thank You!