动词与介词搭配

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-WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -44 动词词组1动词与表示根源和来源的介词连用( 1 )fromcome from (起源于、出生于、来自),rise from (起源于),derive from (起源于) ,arise from(发生于、 由 而产生), spring from(来自于、崛起于), emerge from(出现于), result from(产生于、起源于), stem from(发生于、滋长于), emanate from(流出于、出生于),grow from (由 而生) ,originate from(起源于),proceedfrom (发生于、由 发出),be derived from (临摹、出身于), be descended from(为 之后裔、系出 ),copy from (抄录自) ,translate from(翻译自) ,quotefrom (引用自), adapt from(改编自)。a I have risen from the ranks to a majorb Her money came from a rich unclec Serious damage may arise from carelessnessd These spring from tiny seedse He is sprung from royal blood他出身皇家。f Something has resulted from my effortsg According to the Bible, we are all descendedfrom Adamh This picture is a copy from Raphael- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -i Thousands of English words are derivedfrom/derive from Latinquote from the classics(引自古文),draw water froma well (从井里汲水),drink from a river(临河而饮),draw conclusions from the evi deuce (由证据中取得结论)。originate (来自),当来源是事物时,用 from 或 in 皆可;当来源为人时,用 from 或 with 皆可。 come from 有两个含义:一是表示“籍贯(出生于何处)” =come of ;一是表示“来自何处”。其区别在于动词时态的不同。当表示“籍贯”时,动时用现在时,因籍贯是永远不变的。当表示“来自何处”时为叙述过去的事情,故用过去时或现在完成时。试比较:a Where do you come from?你籍贯何处?(以现在时构成问句)I come from Beijing我是北京出生的。b Where did/have you come from?你来自何处?I came/have come from Beijing我从北京来。(不一定是北京人)( 2 )ofask (要求、请求、询问)- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -ask 的对象为人时,可用 ask sb 或 ask of sb ;ask sth of sb 表示“请求某人做某事、或询问某人某事”。a May I ask a favour of you?b May I ask a question of you?c He asked his way of a hunterbeg (请求、要求)a He begged a favour of meb He begged money of charitable people inquire (询问、探询)inquire的宾语为人时,不能直接接人,须接介词of 再接人,成为 inquire of sb 。如欲表示“询问某事”时,须用介词 about : inquire of sb about sth ,意为“询问某人某事” 。inquire 的宾语为地方时, 接 at :Ill inquire atthe office and then tell you 我去办公室打听一下再告诉你。a I inquired of him the way to townb He inquired of me the best way to goc I inquired of him about the matterdShe inquires of him about her younger brothers conduct require(要求)- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -如仅表示“向某人要求”时, require 后接 of 再接人,成“ require of sb ”的形式。如欲表示“要求某人做某事、向某人要求某物”时,用 require sth of sb 句型。a I have done everything that was required of meb What do you require of me?c She required an apology of me她要我道歉。 demand (要求)demand 必须加 of 再加被要求的人, demand of sb 表示“向某人要求”。 demand sth of sb 表示“向某人要求某物(做某事)”。试比较:a我要求他答复。I demand him of an answerI demand an answer of himb He demands too high a price of mecome of (出身、出自),be born of(出生)a He comes of ancient familyb She was born of good parents她出身良家。a) from 与 of 皆可用以表示“起源、出处”,但何时用 from ,何时用 of ,须视动词而定。因此对于 from 和 of 所跟的动词必须加以区别熟记。- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -b) of , from 皆可用以表示“种族、门第”,但何时用 from ,何时用 of ,亦决定于动词的不同。一般 spring ,be derived ,be descended 接 from ,come ,be born 接 of 。c)某些动词之后可接from或 of ,意义相同, 但接 from居多。此类动词大多表示 “获得、期望”之意,如 buy ,borrow , hire ,receive ,learn ,have (得到), expect ,want 等。a She learned her English of /from an Americanb All these books may be had of/from any booksellers c Everyone expected great things of/from himd) come from 表示“籍贯”或“来自何处”。 come of 则表示“出身、家庭”。试比较:a He comes from Tianjin他籍贯是天津。b He came from beyond the seas yesterday他昨天从海外来。c He comes of good family他出身良家。d He came of a poor peasant family他出身于贫穷农家。( 3 )out ofask out of(由 而发问),pick out of(由 挑选),write out of ones own head (创作), pay out of ones own pocket (自己出钱)。- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -a He asked out of curiousityb You will have to pay out of your own pocket2动词和表示推断的介词连用( 1 )fromjudge from/by (由 判定、 由 判断),conclude from (由 判定) ,infer from (由 推论、 由 推断) ,deduce from (由 推论、 由 推断) ,judge from/by appearance(以貌取人),speak from experience(经验之谈),paint from nature(模仿自然作画、写生)。a Judging from what you say, he ought tosucceed b Judging from/by his appearance,he seems tobe a man of good conduct( 2 )byjudge by ,know by(由 知), call by (据 而叫),tell by (由 知), recognize a person by the voice(依声音辨别某人)。a A man is usually judged by what he doesb He is called by the name of his fatherc A man is known by the company he keeps观其所交,而知其人。- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -3动词和表示比较的介词连用( 1 )tocompare to (把 比作) ,liken to (与 相象) ,prefer to (较喜欢 而不喜欢 ),其中 to 为介词。a Life is compared to a voyage人生好比航海。b Life is likened to an act of the stage人生好比舞台上一幕戏。c I prefer death to dishonourd I prefer working to doing nothing( 2 )withcompare with (与 比较), contrast with (对照、对比), increase with (随 而增加), vary with (随 而变化)。a His English cannot compare with mineb That will show a great increase compared with today c I contrast this picture with thatd You may contrast this book with another onee An armys power increases with its sizef The size varies with the temperature- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -4动词和表示原因及动机的介词连用( 1 )fromsuffer from(受 之苦),act from(由 而行动),die from被用做表示死亡之原因时,其含意是由于外界添加的刺激或影响而致死的,而不是出于本人自身的原因。常见的还有: die from some unknowncause, die from ablow , die from fatigue, die from a wound, die fromover- work,die from drinking too much wine,die fromhunger , die from the memory of the world(为世人所忘),die from/of apoplexy,die from weakness,die fromthe effects of overexposure to the sun。a He suffers from a great loss in businessb He is now suffering from influenzac He acked from a sense of duty责任感使他采取了行动。d The baby died from lack of caree He died from a blowf The little child died from eating to excessg She died from some unknown cause( 2 )ofdie of 用于表死亡的原因时, 最常用的是 “因 疾病而死亡”, of 在此用法中常用: die of a disease , die of ( an )- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -illness,die of sorrow/love, die of diphtheria,dieof/from apoplexy, die of a decline, die of disappoint-ment,die of hunger, die of thirst, die of a brokenheart, die of/with grief, die of old age, die ofexhaustion , die of a fall, die of fever( consumption,cold ,smallpox, typhoid fever, congestion of thebrain)。a He died of a heart attackb She died of high fever( 3 )atat 常和表示情绪或感情的动词连用,如wonder,marvel ,tremble ,shudder ,rejoice ,cry ,blush ,weep , grieve , hesitate ,laugh 等。 die at 亦表示死亡的原因,常用如下情形: die at the stake (焚死、受火刑而死), die at ones post (殉职)。a People wonder at his learningb They rejoiced at the news of his safe returnc She trembled at the sound of burstingd He shuddered at the sight of bloode He hesitated at the difficultyf She always laughed at a good Joke( 4 )for- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -die for表死亡原因时,有指“为某一目的、事业而死”的意义:die for ones country,die for ones faith,die forsome cause(为了某种事业而死),die for a crime(因罪而死)。a They died for their motherlandb He died for his country( 5 )withwith 表示原因时,是指由于外界的某种变化而影响到体内或内心的某种变化的心理原因。常与如下动词连用:chatter ,tremble ,quiv- er ,shiver ,shake ,shudder , totter , burst , foil ,burn ,kindle ,seethe (激动),simmer (激动), cry ,exclaim ,weep 。die with 表示死亡原因时, 多用于由于某种感情、 情绪而导致的死亡。 如 die with horror ,die with/for joy (由于病极而死) ,die with laughing 。a His voice trembled with angry他的声音因愤怒而颤抖。b She shook with laughter她笑得全身抖动。c The people seethed with discontent人们因不平而骚动。d He almost burst with laughter他几乎放声大笑起来。e She died with horror她吓死了。- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -f She died with/for/from overjoy( 6 )overover 指由于某原因或事件而产生的心理活动或感情冲动,常和如下动词连用: cry ,weep ,laugh ,rejoice ,mourn , grieve 等。a We laugh over his foolish operationb She was crying over her misfortunesc She wept over her sad fated We all rejoice over the victorye She grieved over her misfortunesf He is foolish as to cry over a novelg They rejoiced over the glorious victory( 7 )indie in表示死亡原因时,用于下列情形:die in battle(战死), die in ones bed(老死), die in poverty,diein annoy, die in a ditch,die in childbed/child birth(因生产而死),die in ones boots(横死、死于非命),die in harness(殉职)。a He died in his bedb He died in his boots( 8 )on- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -die on表示死亡原因时,常指如下情形:die on thescaffold (死在刽子手之手),die on the battlefield(战死)。( 9 )bydie by 表示死亡原因时, 常指如下情形: die by violence (死于非命、横死、惨死), die by the sword (死于刀剑之下), die by hanging (缢死), die by pestilence (死于流行的疾病) ,die by ones own hand(自杀),die bydrowning(溺死)。5动词和表示理由的介词连用for 常与 dismiss, punish, blame , suffer , reward等动词连用,表示赏罚的理由, 如 win a medal for bravery,suffer for ones sins, sent to prison for stealing。a Heaven has rewarded him for his honestyb He was rewarded for saving the girls lifec He was punished for stealingd He was dismissed for neglecting his worke You will suffer for your wickedness some daysuffer for和 suffer from有区别, suffer for后接的原因大都是主语做的坏事(如犯罪等),而suffer from后接不是原因,而是遭受的对象, 意即给主语带来痛苦的东西 (如贫穷、疾病等)。 for 与 apolo- gize ,make up 连用,表示“补偿”之意。- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -f You should apologize for your rudenessg We must make up for lost time6动词和表示品质、材料、构成成份的介词连用( 1 )of表示“材料、由 做成”, of 后的材料与成品性质相同,只发生物理变化。 (注意与 from 的区别),常用的有: make of ,build of ,form of ,weave of , create of ,常用作被动语态。表示“组成成分” ,of 常与下列动词构成成语: consist of (由 组成), be composed of , be made up of , be formed of 。consist of 中无 be 动词,以上几个成语可以互相换用。a Bottles are made of glassb This house is built of stonesc The cloth is woven of silk and goldd Man consists of soul and bodye Water made up of oxygen and hydrogenf Japan is formed of four large islands( 2 )from , out offrom表示“由 制成”,是指成品与原材料之间发生了质的变化即化学变化,如:Wine is made from pineapple- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -当材料变质与否不明时, 可用 of 或 from 。若以材料为主语,而以成品为宾语,则用 into ,而不使用 from 或 of ,而 out of 表示“由 做成的、什么材料被做成为什么成品”之意。a Bread is made from/of flour and waterb Flour is made into breadc We make paper into many thingsmake of原是 make out of的省略形式,故 make out of也指物理变化,当make和 of 分开时,用make out of,否则用 make of。试比较:d Many useful things are made of paperWe make many things out of papere Many things are made of bambooWe make many things out of bamboo虽然把 make 和 of 分开,但表示 “造就成 、 当成是 ”的意义时,则仍使用 of 而不用 out of 。f I will make a teacher of you我将使你成为教师。g She will make a fool of him她将愚弄他。( 3 )in表示“用 原料、 用 语言” 意义,in 常和 write ,speak , cast em- broider , paint , answer 等动词连用。- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -aHe painted in oils,but I painted in water-colorsb You must write letters in inkc Can you answer it in English?d The design is embroidered in golde The statue was cast in bronzef He did not write it in ink, but with a pencil在表示“材料”时, in 常和 with 混用,须特别注意。 in 表示“材料”,而 with 表示“工具”,如“我将用墨水写封信”是:I shall write a letter in ink而不是用 with ink,因为 ink为原料而非工具,再如下例则更易混错:write inpencil/chalk;表示“工具”之意时,则须用write with apencil/a piece of chalk。判别方法:物质名词:表示材料,此时一般用in 。普通名同:可表示材料与工具,当该名词前无冠词也不是复数形式时, 一般表示材料用 in ;如有冠词或用复数形式,一般表示工具,用 with 。 in 表示“穿戴衣服、鞋子”等时,常和 be dressed ,clothed ,clad (穿衣), attired (穿着), arrayed (穿着)等连用。a We usually write in blue inkWe usually write with pens or pencilsb Dont write a letter in pencilDont write a letter with a pencil- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -c She was dressed in a blue hat with a red flower on it bIn spring the mountains are clothed in verdure( 4 )withwith用于表示材料时,常指“用 装饰、用 充满”之意,常与下列动词连用: abo und ,fill , crowd , pack , cram ,teem ,load ,pave ,cover ,stud (散布),decorate , ornament ,sprinkle (撒),stain (沾污) ,spread ,line(排列着), furnish (供应), equip , stock ,arm (装备),store ,如 a path paved with brick,a career pavedwith good intentions,a sea studded with islands,loadones stomach with food。a India abounds with rainb The bottle was filled with waterc The road is paved with stonesd The river teems with fish ( Fish teem in this river )e He went home loaded with honoursf The city was all decorated with flags on National Day g We are well provided with food and clothingh His hands were stained with dye- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -7动词和表示状况、情况的介词into连用常见的该类成语有: get/run into debt(负债),get intotrouble, fly into a passion/rage(大发脾气),fall intodisgrace (失宠) ,come into plan(开始活动) ,fall intoan error(犯错误), burst into flame/tears,come intoforce , come into fashion/style(流行), put intoexecution (实行),put into effect(实施),put into oneshead (使想起), get into favour(受欢迎), get intobusiness(做生意)。a Man is liable to fall into errorb When did the new style of dress come into fashion ?c He flew into a passiond That type of evening dress came into styleshortly after the war8动词和表示目的、目标的介词连用( 1 )forfor 可以表示目的,for 也可表示“希望、愿望”的目的,常和下列动词连用:hope ,wish ,crave ,hanker (渴望) ,sigh (热望、思念),pine (渴慕),yearn ,long ,hunger , thirst 。hope for the best ,yearn for home ,hunger forknowledge, hanker for affection。a They fought for independence- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -b They went out for a picnicc We are going for a bathd We hope for fine weathere The mother yearns for her childrenf Never thirst for riches上述 long , yearn , crave , hanker, thirst, hunger等后也可接 after ,意义不变, 只是语气较 for 强,而现代英语以接 for 较为普遍。 for 又可表示“搜索、寻求”的目的,常和 look ,seek ,search ,hunt 连用,构成成语: searchfor/after truth, hunt for/after a lost book。 for 还可表示“祈求”的目的,常和ask , beg ,pray , apply连用。a Im looking for my penbThe teacher is searching for the missing papers上述 for 除 look 后均可换为 after ,look for 意为“寻找”, look after 意为“照顾、照料”。试比较:a Im looking for my watchb Ill look after his childrenask for表示“恳求、请求”之意。注意以下几点:当表示“要求某物”时用 ask for sth ,当表示“要求某物被如何”时,用 ask for sth to be done 。a The beggar asked for a loaf of bread- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -b He asked for the door to be shut表示“向某人要求某物”时,用ask sb for sth。Dont come and ask me for money so often如欲表示 “要求某人做某事”用 ask sb to do sth。Ask him to do it for youask after 意为“问候、问安” 。apply to sb for sth 意为“向某人请求某物”。a He is applying for an appointmentb We shall apply to friends for helpbeg 与 ask 的用法相同。 pray 的常用句型为: pray for sth ,pray to God/sb for sth ,pray for peace ,pray for pardon 。a He prayed to God for helpb The peasants are praying for rainfor 还可表示 “劳心、 劳力”的目的,常和 work ,labour,toil (辛劳工作),read ,study ,struggle,strive ,compete ,contend,contest ,try ,scramble等动词连用。 strive forliberty,try for a prize,strive for the truth,struggle forinfluence/power, strive for mastery, contend for aprize , compete for custom, scramble for seats。a He labours for the happiness of mankind- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -b Some toil for money,some for famec We must strive for independence and libertyfor 还可表示“准备”的目的,如prepare for, makepreparation for (为 准备), prepare ,ready 后接 against 则表示“预防、防备”之意。a I have been preparing myself for the entrance examination b Have you made any preparation for your trip?for 还可表示“有 才能、资格”,常用的成语有:bequalified for(有 的资格),be cut out for(有 的才能), have talent for(有 的才能),have a genius for(有 的天才),have ( no )ability for/in(有 / 无做 的力量),have great talent for(有 的天才) ,have a turnfor (有 的天才),have a talent for music(有音乐天才), have an eye for the picturesque(有审美眼光),have a good ear for music(对音乐有高超的鉴赏力),be gifted for something(做某事有天赋)。a He has an aptitude for languagesb He is not cut out for that sort of workc He has great talent for paintingd He has a good ear for musicfor 还可表示 “嗜好、 喜好”的目的,常见的成语有: havea tastefor(喜好), have a fondness for(喜欢), have- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -a liking for (喜欢) ,have a weakness for (偏好),have a fancy for (喜好) ,go in for (爱好) ,care for (喜欢) ,have an inclination for(爱好), have a taste for art,have a weakness for music。a He has a liking for wineb Do you care for some more tea?for 后接表示“同情”的目的,常和动词 care ,fear ,grieve , weep ,blush , tremble 连用。aI dont care for myself,but I fear for the childrenb I tremble for your safetyfor 还可表示“向 地方、以 为目的地”,后接地点名词,常构成下列短语:start for, leavefor ,set out for,set off for (动身前往) ,sail for ,be bound for(启程往) ,make for(向 移动), head for(向 出发), embarkfor (搭往 )。a I shall leave for Beijing in a few daysb He set off for France this morningto 也可用于表示“目的地”,但与 for 不同。 for 只是表示“面向 的目地”,没有到达之意。而 to 则表示“到达 目的地”,有“到达”之意。因此在上述所列的成语后不可接 to 。试比较:a a train for Guangzhou向广州开出的列车- 学习资料分享 -WORD格式- 可编辑 - 专业资料 -(仅向广州方向,广州并非一定是停靠站)a train to Guangzhou开到广州去的列车(广州为停靠站)b He has gone to Japan他已抵达日本。He had left for Japan他已出发往日本去。be intended for,be destined for意为“成为 职业的人、以 为职业、命中注定如何”。be born(for ) a poet(天生的诗人),intend on for(立志要使 成为 ),beeducated for the law(被培养成为律师)。a I felt that he was destined for something greatb My father intended me for a physicianfor 亦可表示“为了 目的”,常和 go ,come ,send , call 连用。a I am going out for a walkb Have you sent for the doctor?for 还可以表示“为了谁、给予谁”,常和make ,buy ,set ,write ,read 连用。 go for a walk/ride,swim ,etc ,run for ones life(逃命), work for ones living(为生计而工作), read for pleasure(以读书为乐趣)。a Her
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