直接引语变间接引语

直接引语变间接引语一、.时态变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时cancouldmaymightmustmust/ had to1. l like English very much,he said. He said that he liked English very much. 他说：“我很喜欢英语。”2. He said, It would rain soon. He said that it would rain soon. 他说：“很快就会下雨。”3. She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen4. She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.5. She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。二、.时间状语的变化直接引语间接引语now 现在then 那时；当时today 今天that day 那天tonight 今晚that night 那天晚上this week 本周that week那周yesterday 昨天the day before前一天yesterday morning 昨天早上the morning before前一天早上The day after tomorrow 后天in two days time / two days later两天后the day before yesterday 前天two days before 前两天two days ago 两天前two days before 两天前last week 上周the week before前一周tomorrow 明天the next (folowing) day 第二天next week 下周the next (following) week第二个星期here 在这里there在那里this这个that那个these 这些those那些come 来go去bring带来take带走He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.三、人称的变化一般规律：“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”（1）直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语时，其人称与主句的主语一致。（2）直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语时，其人称与主句的宾语一致。（3）直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时，其人称不变。For example：An English teacher asked his students，“Are you interested in my lessons？”An English teacher asked his students if they were interested in his lessons。She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。四、各类句子由直接引语变为间接引语的方法：1.当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，跟在引述的动词之后（that也可以省略）。主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。eg: She said :My sister doesnt want to come here.她说：“我妹妹不愿意来这。” She said that her sister didnt want to go there . He said,lm sleeping now .他说：“我现在在睡觉。” He said that he was sleeping then.2. 直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序，主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers? She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you? She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.ls everybody here?the teacher asked.老师问道：“大家都到齐了么？”The teacher asked if / whether everbody was there.（2） 选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。 I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike.(3) 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。He asked , Where do you live? He asked me where I lived.She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.She asked ,:Where does he live?“ 她问：“你住在哪里？”She asked where he lived.3. .直接引语为祈使句时使用ask / tell / order sb. to do sth. ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth. ; ask / tell / order sb. never to do sth.其中ask, tell, order 的选择要根据句子的语气而定。常使用的动词有：ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等Get up early tomorrow , Bill,he said. 他说：“比尔，明天早点起床。” He told Bill to get up early the next day.Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.His father told him not to leave the door open.注意：（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词加以转述。 He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. Would you mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window. Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. Shall we listen to the music? he asked. He suggested listening to the music.4. 直接引语如果是感叹句，改为间接引语时，改成用疑问代词what或疑问副词how引导的宾语从句。也可以改为that引导的从句。He said to me ,What a beautiful park it is. He told me what a beautiful park it was.或 He told me that the park was quite beautiful.She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.5. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如： He said, Lets go to the film.He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.五、注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化：直接引语是客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。He said to me, I was born in 1973.He told me that he was born in 1973.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better come here today。Peter said I had better go there that day。如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：He said, Im a boy, not a girl.He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , I could swim when I was only six .He said that he could swim when he was only six. 直接引语变间接引语练习题1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”2She said: “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.”7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”11He said, “We are still students.12He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”13The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”15She said, “I was reading the book while he was waiting for a bus.”16Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”19I said to him, “I have finished it.”20She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.”21“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.22“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.23“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.24“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.25“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.单项选择1. He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ _ _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do答案1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11 He said they are still students.12 He told me that he was born in 1978.13 The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14 He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15 She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16 Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17 He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.18 She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.19 I told him I had finished it.20 She told us she would come here tomorrow21 The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.22 The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.23 The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.24 Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.25 The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.7