成人学士学位英语考试复习资料

一、时态和语态 1. 如何解答时态问题 例1：You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You ______ just last week. A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed 例2：Anne asked Tom ______ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left 考试重点： 2. 与完成时有关的时态 ★现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now 例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A B C D 例2：English ______ in a new way at my college in the past few years. A. has been taught B. was being taught C. has been taught D. had been taught. ★过去完成时 (had done) 例3：Anne asked Tom ______ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left 例4：The chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. had begun C. has been on D. would began ★将来完成时 (will have done) by 例5：We’re late I expect the film_____ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have already C. will already have started D. have already been started. ★现在完成进行时 (have been doing) 例6：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking ★过去完成进行时 (had been doing) ★ 将来完成进行时(will have been doing ) 例7：By the time you arrive this evening, _______for two hours. A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying. 3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态 ▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时 例1：When the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force. A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you ______. A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come ▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时 例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_______ military service. A. will finish B. has finished C. finish D. would finish 注意： 例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she______ them. A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. have tried 4. 考试小窍门 ◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正确答案。 二、情态动词 1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义 can’t may not mustn’t need’t 2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法 ★must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定” +do 对现在情况的推测 must +have done 对过去情况的推测 例1：I ________ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night. A. might fall B. must fall C. must have fallen D. can have fallen ★ can’t/could’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能” +do 对现在情况的推测 can’t/couldn’t +have done 对过去情况的推测 ★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许…” +do 对现在情况的推测 may/might +have done 对过去情况的推测 3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法 needn’t have done should have done should not have done ought to have done could have done 4. 考试小窍门 在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。 Must do √ Must have done 三、虚拟语气 赵文通 考试重点： 1. 条件句中的虚拟语气 例１：I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. would know 例２：If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using 条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点： 如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。 例3：_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A. If he took B. if he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用 三级考试中经常出现的三个句型： But for/without…，…… ……, otherwise/or… ……, but/though…. 例４：But for your help, I _____ the work in time. A. did not finish B. could not finish A. will not finish D. would not have finished 例５：Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 例６：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_____ to the meeting. A. would have come B. would come C. could come D. had come 例７：We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway A. gave up B. had given up C.would give up D. were to give up 错综时间条件句 例８：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. 2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如: 例１：I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例２：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中 例３：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: 例４：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening 3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气 4. if only 引导的感叹句中 5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中 6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式 7. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式 四、非谓语动词 1. 不定式 不定式的逻辑主语 例１：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例２：It is important for you to work hard. 例３：It is kind of you to help me. 不定式的时态和语态 例４：The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago. A. to be built B. to have been built C. to have built D. to have being built 使用不带to的不定式 1)why not do表示委婉的建议 例１：Why not_____Professor Li for help He is kind-hearted and willing to help. A. ask B. you ask C. to ask D. your asking 2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。 例２：The teacher has the students _____ a composition every other week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 例３：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_____ A. broke B. break C. broken D. breaking 例４：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself_____ A. hearing B. being told C. to hear D. heard 3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。 例５：With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_____ to a hospital. A. send B. to be sent C. being sent D. sending 4)do something but/except do 例６：There is nothing we can do _____ wait. A. but B. rather than C. in spite of C. besides. 5)记住下列不带to的短语 can’t but can’t help but had better 2. 动名词 1. 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式，但意思有差异 remember forget regret stop go on mean 2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式 have trouble/problems/difficult doing something feel like spend/waste…doing something can’t help need/deserve/want be worth what about/how about 3. 分词 分词作表语 独立主格结构 例1：During the discussion, Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his opinion. A B C D 例2：Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_______ A. handed them in B. them handing in C. being handed in D. handing them in 例３：_______ in the air fuels give off heat. A. T burn B. Burned C. T be burned D. Being burned 五、状语从句 赵文通 考试重点： 1． 时间状语从句 ★ while/ when/ as/ until ★ 一…就… no sooner…than/ hardly…when/ scarcely…when ★ the moment the minute the instant ★ 固定句型 It is/has been ….since… 1. 原因状语从句 now that in that 2. 条件状语从句 unless as long as provided that 3. 让步状语从句 as though although even if even though while whatever 例1：If you read the book a second time, and you will probably have quite a different A B C understanding of the events described in it. D 例2：Hard as he worked, but Mr. Brown couldn’t keep the shop properly. A B C D 六、平行结构 and, or, but 比较级 例1：I enjoy eating in good restaurants and to go to the theater afterwards. A B C D 例２：It usually takes much less time to fly from one country to another than traveling by train. A B C D 例３：The rooms were then empty and most of them have been shut up. A B C D Prefer引出的平行结构： Prefer something to something Prefer doing something to doing something Prefer to do something rather than do something Prefer的特殊用法： Prefer somebody to do something e.g : I prefer you to speak English in the class. 1、a number of, the number of 　　 a number of +可数名词，谓语用复数，意为许多，大量的…… 　　 the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，意为……的数目 2、able, capable, competent able为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，搭配是be able to do s.th。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. （猫在黑暗中能看见东西。） capable 指满足一般要求的能力，搭配是be capable of +doing。 competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. （医生应该能治多种病。） 3、above all；after all；at all; in all above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。如： But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如： After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。 He is，after all，a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子。 He failed after all．他终于失败了。 at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫；根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真；实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意为“竟然”等。如： He doesn’t like you at all．他根本不喜欢你。 Are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做这件事？ If you do it at all，do it well．若你真要做这件事，就得做好。 I was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然来了，我很惊讶。 in all意为“总共”，既可放在句首，也可放在句末。如： There are 25,000 Inuit in all．(＝In all, there are 25,000 Inuit．) 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。 4、aboard, abroad, board, broad aboard 在船（或飞机，车）上。如：I never went aboard a ship. abroad 副词，在国外或海外。如：He often goes abroad. board 为动词，上（船，飞机，车）。如：The passengers are boarding the plane now. broad 为形容词，宽广的。如：He has very broad shoulders. 5、accept, receive accept 接受，receive“接到”，“收到”。如：I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. （昨天我收到了一个请柬，但并没有接受邀请。） 6、accident, incident, event accident事故。如：a traffic accident （交通事故） incident“附带事件”，在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件，事变。 event “事件”，指特别重要的事件，通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果，也指国家和社会的事件。 7-accurate, correct, exact, precise accurate准确的，精确的。如：Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.（火车站的钟应该是准确的。） correct“正确的”，指符合一定的标准或准则，含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong. exact“精确的”，“恰好的”，比“大体上正确”更进一步，表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。 precise强调“精确”，“精密”。 8、accuse, charge, sue accuse 指责，指控，常与of 搭配。如：His boss accused him of carelessness. charge 常与with搭配。如：The police charged the driver with reckless driving. sue 常与for 搭配。如：Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house. 9、acquire, require, inquire acquire取得，获得，学到。如：acquire knowledge （获得知识） inquire打听，询问。如：inquire a person’s name（问一个人的姓名） require需要。如：We require more help. （我们需要更多的帮助。） 10、adopt, adapt adopt （１）收养。如：Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. （他们自己没有孩子，所以决定收养一个小女孩。）（２）采纳，采用，通过。如：He adopted our suggestion.（他采纳了我们的建议。） adopt与adapt词形相近，后者的意思是“使适合”，“改编”等。 11、advantage, benefit, profit advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位，机会或时机。如：He had the advantage of good education. （受过良好的教育对他十分有利。） profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year （你去年赚钱了吗？） benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如：I get no personal benefit from the business.（我个人从这家企业中并不获益。） 12、1affect, effect affect影响（动词）。如Smoking affects health. effect效果，影响（名词）。如：Government policy will not have any effect on us. 13、afford, provide, supply 都有“提供，供给”的意思。 afford一般只用于抽象事物。 provide 和supply意思相同，两个词都和with连用，构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。 14、ago, before ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。 before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。 　　例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。 　　He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。 15、agree on；agree to；agree with agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如： The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month． 上月，就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。 agree to有两层含义和用法： 其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做某事”解。 例如： My father agreed to buy a new pen for me． 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。 其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划／条件／建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如： They have a greed to our plan． 他们已同意我们的计划。 agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如： He agreed with my opinions． 他同意了我的意见。 We agreed with what he said at the meeting． 我们同意他在会上讲的话。 16、alive, living, live alive 指虽有死的可能，但仍活着，一般只作表语。 living可用于人或物，作定语时可前可后。 live只做前置定语，用于动物和个别事物前。 17、almost, nearly 一般说来，almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” （目标）等。 在all, every, always 前，两者都可用。如：He is almost (nearly) smoking. （他几乎每天抽烟。） almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用，而nearly却不能。如：Almost no one believed her. （几乎没人相信他。） 18、alone, lonely alone只表“独自”的客观状态，没有感情色彩，只作表语；lonely表“孤独”，：“寂寞”，能作定语和表语。如：When she is left alone, she feels lonely. （剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。） alone, only均可表“只有”，但alone须置于被修饰词之后，only往往置于被修饰词前。如：He alone (Only he) can remember the story. （只有他才能记起这段经历。） 19、altogether, all together altogether总计，总共。如：Altogether there are six of us. （我们总计六人。） all together 全都在一起。如：We played the game all together. （我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。） 20、although; though; as 三者均可表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式，语气较强；though较常用；as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意： 状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词，但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如： Although／Though he believes it, yet he will not act． 他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。 as表示“尽管；虽然”，只能用于倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如： Young as／though he is, he knows a lot． 他虽然年纪不大，却懂得很多。 注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。例如： Child as／though he is, he can speak two foreign languages． 虽然他是个孩子，但他会说两门外语。 though可以放在句末，表示“但是”，although却不能。例如： They said they would come; they did not, though． 他们说他们会来，可是他们并没有来。 although只用来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(＝as if)”，不能说even although或as although。例如： I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes． 尽管你穿着便衣，我相信你是在值勤。 21、among, between among 在……中间（三者或三者以上之间）。如：Our house is hidden among trees. between在两者之间。如：It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese. 22、answer, reply, respond 用作动词，都可表“回答”，“答复”。 answer是常用词，后可接letter（回信），question（回答问题），doorbell（开门），telephone（接电话），advertisement（应征广告）等。 reply较正式，一般只作不及物动词，可与to连用。如：He has replied to my letter.（他回答了我信中提的问题。） respond作“回答”解，用得较少，也同to 搭配。如：He quickly responded to the question. （他很快就回答了问题。） 另外，respond还可表“对……反应”，“响应”。 23、approve, prove approve（1）赞成，同意。如：I don’t approve of wasting time.（我不赞成浪费时间。） （2）批准，通过。如：The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。 prove和approve词形相似，prove是“证明”，“表明是”等。 24、arise/rise/raise/ arouse arise是一个不及物动词，意思是“起源于（和from连用）和“出现”。 rise是一个不及物动词，意思是“上升”，该词是不及物动词：rise, rose, risen raise是一个及物动词，意思是“举起”。 arouse的意思是“引起，导致”。 Black smoke rose from the chimney. He is too weak to raise that heavy box. Accidents usually arise from carelessness . A crisis has arisen in their marrige. Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors. 25、as (so) far as; as (so) long as as（so）far as的意思是“就……而言（所知）”，as (so) far as sth．is concerned是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”；as (so) long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。如： As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs． 就我所知，一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。 There is nothing that we can’t do so ／ as long as we keep on trying to do it． 只要我们不断地努力去做，就没有什么事干不成。 As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go． 就中国的旅游业而言，需要做的工作还很多。 26、as though；even though；though as though（＝as if），意为“好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如： He spoke as though（as if）he had been here before．他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。 It looks as if（as though）it is going to rain．看起来好像要下雨。 even though（＝even if），意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；even though有退一步设想的意味，与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实，even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如： He will not tell the secret even though（even if）he knows it．即使他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it．他虽然知道这个秘密，但他不会说出来。 27、assure, ensure, insure assure的意思是“使（某人）确信”，一般用作：assure sb. of /that…，后面不能直接跟that从句。 ensure的意思是“保证”，后面可以接双宾语，也可以接that从句。 insure的意思是“给…上保险”。例如： He assured me that it was true. We can’t ensure you a good post. My house is insured against fire． 28、at the beginning；in the beginning at the beginning 在……初；在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如： Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term． 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 in the beginning 相当于at first，表示“起初、开始”时，含“起初是这种情况，而后来却不是这种情况”之意，不与of连用。例如： In the beginning，some of us took no interest in physics． 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。 29、at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time at the time通常用于过去时句子中，指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如： Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time． 当时，许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。 有时，at the time的后面可接“of．．．”短语。这时，它表示“在（某事态）发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如： Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖ 1989年旧金山发生地震时，你在那里吗？ at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of．．．”短语。例如： In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan．At that time (＝At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded． at one time＝during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”，“曾经”。例如： They used to be good friends at one time． 他们曾经是好朋友。 at a time则意为“一次”，表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用，表示频率。例如： Don’t speak all at once．One at a time, please． 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。 Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time． 这些药每天服三次，每次服三粒。 30、awake, wake, waken 都可作动词。 awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用于比喻。 wake常指“睡醒”，多为不及物动词。 waken多用作及物动词，常指“吵醒”，“惊醒”。 31、await, wait await是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions. wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物动词，后常接介词for。如：I will wait for you at the school gate. 32、award, prize, reward award, reward作动词。award意为“授予（奖品，奖金等）”，后面可跟双宾语；reward意为“报酬”，“酬谢”，只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。 award, prize, reward作名词时，award常指奖金，奖品；prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖；reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。 33、because／since／as／for 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词，但是as，because，since是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why的提问时，必须用because作答。 如：We stayed at home because it rained．因为下雨我们呆在家里。 as与since引导的从句多置于句首，不过as表示十分明显的原因，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”；而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。如： As he was not feeling well，I decided to go there alone．由于他身体欠佳，我决定独自去那里。 Since everyone is here，lets start．既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。 for引导的从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即推测性理由，或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如： There must be nobody in the classroom，for the light is off． 教室里一定没有人，因为灯灭了。（推测性理由） 34、beat, win beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手，后接对手作宾语。 Win作及物动词时，其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如：He has won the race.（他赢得了赛跑的胜利。） 35、beside, besides beside在……旁边。如：Come and sit beside me. besides除……之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one. 36、besides；except；but 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时，except／but意为“除……外（不再有）”；besides意为“除……外（还有）”。请比较： All of them have seen the film except／but Wu Dong． 除了吴东外，他们都看过了那部影片。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong． 除了吴东看过那部影片外，他们也都看过了。 except后接名词、代词、－ing或不定式时，可以与but互换；except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为but所替换。如： I’ll do everything except