中考阅读理解解题技巧

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,阅读理解解题技巧,阅读理解,是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。,阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。,因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,广东,2007,年考题要求考生能读懂,书,报,杂志,中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告,说明,广告等,并能从中获取相关的信息。,1,理解主旨和要义,2,理解文中的具体位置,3,根据上下文推断生词的词义,4,作出判断和推理,5,理解文章的基本结构,6,理解作者的意图,观点和态度,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:,推 理 判 断 型,Step Two,:How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension,一、主旨大意题,（做题要领）,1.干扰项,可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。,2.干扰项,可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,3.干扰项,可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案),是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,1),What does the writer mainly tell us?,2)Which of the following can,summar,-,ize,the main idea of this text?,3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?,4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?,6)Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意题,的常见的提问形式:,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-主旨大意题,Passage 1,In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market,Ford,General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before.The flood of cheaper for-,eign,cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted.Ford operates as far as Asia,and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer.Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable,(,不能满足的）,society.,练习题,细节题,解释,Question:Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph,A,.,GM is one of the largest car producers.,B.Ford operates not only in the U.S.A.,but also in Asia.,C.The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.,D.The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解释,【,解析,】,答案为,C,。,take,sth,.away of,sb,.,和,cast,sb,.,sth,.,的意思相似。,本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。,寻找主题句,往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(,常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析,)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是,论点,，事实细节是,论据,或,主要理由,；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可,直接,或,间接,在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：,what,who,which,where,how,why,等。,事实细节型,解题原则,：,忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Which of the following statement is true?,2）Which of the following,is not mentioned in,the text?,3）The author(or the passage),states,that_.,4）,According,to,the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-事实细节型,Q1)_ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35,to 90,.,A.55 B.175 C.325 D.275,Q2)Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?,A.A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does.B.A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does.C.An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does.D.A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,解释,文章,Passage2,The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart shows,CALORIES NEEDED PER DAY,Baby 750,Office worker 2,700,Child aged 8 2,100,Woman feeding baby 2,700,Man over 70 2,100,Boy aged 16 3,000,Woman 3,600,Farmer 2,600,练习题,解释,第三节,【,解析,】答案为,D,。,根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275,【,解析,】答案为,C,。,根据文章图表，依次验证,A、B、C、D,四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出,C,符合图表内容。,文章,同义法,常在词或短语之间有并列连词,and,或,or，,它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法,如,hot and cold,give and receive,等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法,对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法,等,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;,2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；,3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做题要领,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-词义猜测型,Q:,Which of the following is closest in meaning to,the underlined word,“illiterate”,A.repeat B.reiterated,C.uneducated D.sick,Passage3:,Most women in Ghana the educated and,illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as,housewi,-,ves,and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved,(,应得的，值得的).,解 释,第四节,解 释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （,educated,）,和没有受过教育的,（,illiterate,）；,住在城市的,（,urban,）,和住在农村的（,rural,），,年轻的（,young,）,和年长的（,old,）,正好是一对对反义词。,因此选,C,项。,本题答案选,C,推理判断题,：,高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容,为前提，据作者的观点理论,（,非考生观点,）,，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质,，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题,（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章,隐含意思,，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从,作者的角度,去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型,常见的命题方式有：,The passage implies,(,暗示),that_.,We can conclude,(,得出结论),from the passage that_.,Which of the following can be inferred,(,推论),?,What is the tone,(,语气),of the author?,What is the purpose,(,目的),of this passage?,The passage is intended to _.,Where would this passage most probably appear?