解破学骨学课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/14,#,1,Hunan University of Arts and Science,HUMAN ANATOMY,1Hunan University of Arts and,2,The general description,The bones of trunk,The skull,The bones of limbs ,homework,第一篇：,Chapter 1 Osteology,骨学,2The general description第一篇：Ch,3,1 The general description,The general features of the bones,The bone number of the adult,The shape and classification of the bones,The structure of the bones,The chemical composition and physical properties of the bones,The basic concepts,The visceral bones,31 The general descriptionT,4,Proper shape,Hard and resilient,Abundant in blood and nerve supply,Metabolism and growth,Repairing,修复,Regeneration,再生,Reconstruction,再造,The general features of the bones,4Proper shape The general fe,5,儿童的骨头比成人多。,因为：,儿童的骶骨有,5,块，成人后合为,1,块。,儿童的尾骨有,4,5,块，成人后合为,1,块。,儿童有,2,块髂骨、,2,块坐骨和,2,块耻骨，到成人就合并成为,2,块髋骨。,这样儿童的骨头要比成人多,11,12,块， 就是说有,217,218,块。,而初生婴儿的骨头竟多达,305,块,。,6 Auditory ossicles,Trunk bones,126 Limb bones,23 Skull bones,The bone number of the adult,Totoal =,?,206 in adult,成人骨块数,5儿童的骨头比成人多。因为：6 Audito,6,long bone,short bone,flate bone,irregular bone,The shape and classification of bones,Bone types,6long bone The shape and cla,7,The structure of bones,Bony substance,骨质,Periosteum,骨膜,Bone marrow,骨髓,Nervous fibers,神经,Blood vessels,血管,Living bone structure,7 The structure of bonesBony,年龄对骨的化学成分和物理性质的影响,costal head 肋骨头,The second cervical vertebra known as the Axis (枢椎), bears the odontoid(指状的) process on the superior aspect of its body.,spinous process,Made up of the bones of the limbs(肢).,Bone marrow type,位于颅骨两侧，并延至颅底，参与构成颅底和颅腔的侧部，形状不规则，以外耳门为中心可分为颞鳞、鼓部和岩部3部分， 周围与顶骨、枕骨及蝶骨相接。,Sternal body,The red and yellow bone marrow,儿童有2块髂骨、2块坐骨和2块耻骨，到成人就合并成为2块髋骨。,Hyoid bone 舌骨,Bone marrow type,年龄对骨的化学成分和物理性质的影响,成对分布，即左、右两块上颌骨在正中线相连结，上颌骨由 1个骨体和4个突起组成。,Requirement: answer every question in English.,Sphenoid bone 蝶骨, The structure of bones,1 The general description,Mastoid(乳突的) fontanelle,8,The structure of bones,年龄对骨的化学成分和物理性质的影响8The structur,9,Compact bone(,骨密质,),Cancellous bone(,骨松质,),The structure of the bony substance,Bony substance structure,Compact bone (,密质,),：,既致密又坚硬， 耐压性较大，类似象牙。,Spongy bone (,松质,),：,由互相交叉成网的骨小梁构成，近似海绵，弹性较大。,9Compact bone(骨密质) The struct,10,The bony substance,10The bony substance,The visceral bones are formed in soft organs.,Hyoid bone,儿童的骶骨有5块，成人后合为1块。,Temporal bone 颞骨,The bony substance, The Sacrum 骶椎,Question 3: what is the vertebral structure?,Blood vessels,Occipital bone 枕骨,成对分布，即左、右两块上颌骨在正中线相连结，上颌骨由 1个骨体和4个突起组成。,Reconstruction 再造,Nervous fibers,Made up of the bones of the limbs(肢).,Metabolism and growth,The cranial frontanelles 脑颅囟,Abundant in blood and nerve supply,Anterior frontanelle closed during middle of the 2nd year, The vertebral structure,Bone marrow 骨髓,The facial cranium portion,位于面颅中央，两眶之间，左右成对，构成鼻背。,Ribs: 12 pairs,11,The bony substance,The visceral bones are formed,12,The bony substance,12The bony substance,13,13,14,In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of compact bone are called the outer plate,(,外板,),and inner plate,(,内板,),while the layer of spongy bone is called the diplo,(,板障,),。,The structure of the flat bone,14In the flat bones of,15,Red bone marrow,Yellow bone marrow,The bone marrow,Bone marrow type,15Red bone marrow The bone ma,16,红骨髓：,主要由不同发育阶段的血细胞构成，主要分布在胸骨、椎骨、肋骨、髂骨等处。,具有造血功能。,The red and yellow bone marrow,黄骨髓：,含有大量的脂肪组织。,6,岁前后，长骨内的红骨髓逐渐转化为黄骨髓，失去造血功能。,患某种贫血症状时，黄骨髓可能重新转化为具造血功能的红骨髓。,16红骨髓：The red and yellow bone,17,The distribution of the red bone marrow,17The distribution of the red,18,有机质,无机质,骨的化学成分和物理性质,碱性磷酸钙,碳酸钙,胶原纤维,粘多糖蛋白,具韧性,具弹性,具硬度,具脆性,骨的化学成分,18有机质 骨的化学成分和物理性质碱性磷酸钙胶原纤维具韧性,19,年龄对骨的化学成分和物理性质的影响,年龄段,有机质比例,无机质比例,物理特性,幼儿,50%,50%,不易骨折，易变形,成人,30%,70%,弹性和硬度都好,老人,20%,80%,脆性较大，易骨折,19年龄对骨的化学成分和物理性质的影响年龄段有机质比例无机质,20,The axial skeleton,中轴骨骼,Made up of the bones along the midline (axis) of the body, including the skull, hyoid bone,(,舌骨,), spinal column, ribs and sternum,(,胸骨,),.,The basic concepts,The appendicular skeleton,附肢骨骼,M,ade up of the bones of the limbs,(,肢,),.,The visceral skeleton,内脏骨骼,Made up of bones formed in soft organs.,20The axial skeleton 中轴骨骼 T,21,The visceral bones are formed in soft organs.,They are not present,in all species of animals.,The visceral bones,Examples of the visceral bones:,os penis,阴茎骨,bone in the penis of dogs,os cordis,心脏骨,bone in the heart of cattle,os rostri,鼻骨,bone in the snout,(,鼻口部,),of pigs,21The visceral bones are forme, Nasal bone 鼻骨,In roughly triangular shape.,bone in the heart of cattle,Nasal bone 鼻骨,A pair of laminae,Red bone marrow,第一篇：Chapter 1 Osteology 骨学, The general features of the bones,Occipital bone 枕骨,Hard and resilient,The facial cranium forms the bony framework of the face, the orbit(眼眶) , the nasal cavity(鼻腔) and the roof and lateral wall of the mouth.,Hyoid bone 舌骨,Temporal bone 颞骨,7 Exercise,为面颅骨最大者，分为体部及升支部，两侧体部在正中联合为一体。,The red and yellow bone marrow,Question 3: what is the vertebral structure?, Frontal bone 额骨,irregular bone,儿童有2块髂骨、2块坐骨和2块耻骨，到成人就合并成为2块髋骨。, The general characters of the skull at birth,A pair of pedicles,22,The general components,The vertebrae,The ribs,The sternum,2 The bones of the trunk, Nasal bone 鼻骨22The general c,23, The general components,Trunk,Bones,Vertebrae:,33,Sternum:,3 parts,Ribs:,12 pairs,Vertebrae,Sternum,Ribs,23 The general componentsTru,24,Cervical vertebrae,颈椎,Thoracic vertebrae,胸椎,Lumbar vertebrae,腰椎,Sacrum,骶椎,Coccyx,尾椎,The vertebrae,脊椎,Vertebrae,24Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 The,25,The vertebral structure,Vertebral,Structure,Vertebral body,椎体,Vertebral arch,椎弓,Vertebral foramen,椎孔,Spongy bone,骨松质,Compact bone,骨密质,A pair of pedicles,1,对椎弓根,A pair of laminae,1,对椎弓板,Spines and processes,25 The vertebral structure V,26,body,spinous process,vertebral foramen,transverse process,lamina,pedicle,rib facet,The vertebral structure view,26bodyspinous processvertebral,27,The vertebral structure view,27The vertebral structure view,28,The foramen is nearly triangular and is relatively large and roomy.,The cervical vertebrae,颈椎,spinous process,棘突,articular process,lamina,pedicle,body,The,body,is relatively small,.,28The foramen is nearly tri,29,The cervical vertebrae,-,Atlas and Axis,view,The first cervical vertebra known as the Atlas,(,寰椎,),has no body and no spine.,The,second,cervical vertebra known as the Axis,(,枢椎,),bears,the odontoid,(,指状的,),process on the superior aspect of its body,.,29The cervical vertebrae - Atl,30,The articulation of Atlas with Axis,30The articulation of Atlas wi,31,The body in heart-shaped.,The,t,horacic,v,ertebrae,胸椎,The spines are long and downward sloping,.,The,two,costal,facets,(,肋凹面,),for articulation with the rib head,.,The two facets for the rib tubercle,(,结节,),.,31The body in heart-shaped.,32,The,facets,(,肋凹,),for the rib head,and tubercle,32The facets (肋凹 )for the rib,33,The body in kidney-shaped.,The,lumbar,v,ertebrae,腰椎,The foramen is triangular,but larger than that of the thoracic vertebrae,.,The spines are strong and horizontal,.,33The body in kidney-shaped.,The visceral bones are formed in soft organs.,Ethmoid bone 筛骨,Costal groove：肋沟,Hyoid bone 舌骨,costal head 肋骨头,The chemical composition and physical properties of the bones,(简述人体颅骨的组成与功能),Paired bones 成对骨,spinous process 棘突,Bony substance 骨质,Ethmoid bone 筛骨,Question 2: what is the bone structure?,The foramen is nearly triangular and is relatively large and roomy.,为面颅骨最大者，分为体部及升支部，两侧体部在正中联合为一体。,The visceral bones are formed in soft organs.,The skull bones, 四人一组制作 “The appendicular skeleton of the human body” PPT课件.,The rib parts 肋骨分部,costal neck 肋骨颈,Hard and resilient,The foramen is nearly triangular and is relatively large and roomy.,Zygomatic bone,34,Made up of 5 fused vertebrae.,The Sacrum,骶椎,In roughly triangular shape,.,The visceral bones are formed,35,Made up of 4 coccygeal,(,尾椎的,),vertebrae.,The Coccyx,尾椎,Roughly tri,-,angular shape,35Made up of 4 coccygeal(尾椎的),36,The r,ibs,肋骨,The rib structure,costal head,肋骨头,costal neck,肋骨颈,costal shaft,肋骨体,Ribs: 12 pairs,Costal cartilage:,7 pairs, The r,ib,structure,36 The ribs 肋骨The rib struct,37,Ribs,肋骨,Costal cartilage,肋软骨,The r,ibs,and costal cartilage,37Ribs Costal cartilageThe rib,38,neck,Tubercle,costal groove,shaft,head,The r,ib,part,s,肋骨分部,Tubercle,：,结节，,小瘤；,Costal groove,：,肋沟,38neckTuberclecostal groovesha,39,The ribs may be classified into following types:, The r,ib,classification,False ribs:,8-12 pairs,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,Floating,True ribs:,1-7 pairs,Floating ribs:,11-12 pairs.,39The ribs may be classifie,40,Jugular notch,胸骨上切迹,Clavicular notch,锁骨切迹,The sternum,胸骨,Sternal,Parts,Manubrium,胸骨柄,Sternal body,胸骨体,Xiphoid process,剑突,40Jugular notch The sternum 胸,Mandible 下颌骨,司舌之活动，与吞咽和发音有关。,Bony substance 骨质,Nervous fibers 神经,Compact bone,Sternal body,Periosteum 骨膜,The facets (肋凹 )for the rib head and tubercle, The bone number of the adult,206 in adult,Occipital bone 枕骨,Tubercle：结节，小瘤；,The spines are strong and horizontal.,Sternum: 3 parts,There are several cranial frontanelles.,Frontanelle: unossified membrane between the bones at the angles of parietal bones.,costal head 肋骨头,Totoal =,Bone substance 骨质,Compact bone (密质) ：既致密又坚硬， 耐压性较大，类似象牙。,A pair of laminae, The rib structure,41,The general features of the skull,The bones of the cerebral cranium,The bones of the facial cranium,The general characters of the skull at birth,3 The skull,Mandible 下颌骨41The general feat,42,Totally there are 23 the skull bones which may be divided into 2 parts:, The general features of the skull,Cerebral cranium,脑颅,Facial cranium,面颅,The skull bones,42Totally there are 23 the,43,The cerebral cranium,脑颅,Cerebral cranium,脑颅,=,8 pieces,Single bones,单块骨,Paired bones,成对骨,Frontal bone,额骨,Parietal bone,顶骨,Ethmoid bone,筛骨,Temporal bone,颞骨,Sphenoid bone,蝶骨,Occipital bone,枕骨,The cerebral cranium, made up of,8,cranial bones, forms the cranial cavity enclosing,(,圈起,),and protecting the brain.,43 The cerebral cranium 脑颅Cer,44,Frontal bone,额骨,Frontal bone,额骨,Frontal bone,额骨,颅前上部的一对膜化骨，后方紧接着一对顶骨，在人类头上联合形成单个骨，形成额与眶的上部。,44Frontal bone 额骨 Frontal bon,45,Ethmoid bone,筛骨,位于额骨与蝶骨之间,此骨有空泡小孔,是含气骨。,Ethmoid bone,筛骨,Ethmoid bone,筛骨,45Ethmoid bone 筛骨 Ethmoid bon,46,Sphenoid bone,蝶骨,形如蝴蝶，位于前方的额骨、筛骨和后方的颞骨、枕骨之间，横向伸展于颅底部。蝶骨分为体、小翼、大翼和翼突四个部分。,Sphenoid bone,蝶骨,Sphenoid bone,蝶骨,46Sphenoid bone 蝶骨 Sphenoid b,47,Occipital bone,枕骨,是颅骨的一部分，俗称“后脑勺”，是平卧位时头部与枕头相接触的部位， 故称之为枕骨。,位于顶骨之后，并延伸至颅底。在枕骨的下面中央有一个大孔，叫枕骨大孔，脑和脊髓在此处相续。,Occipital bone,枕骨,Occipital bone,枕骨,47Occipital bone 枕骨 Occipital,48,Parietal bone,顶骨,Parietal bone,顶骨,Parietal bone,顶骨,位于额、枕骨之间，具左、右两块顶骨。,48 Parietal bone 顶骨Parietal b,49,Temporal bone,颞骨,位于颅骨两侧，并延至颅底，参与构成颅底和颅腔的侧部，形状不规则，以外耳门为中心可分为颞鳞、鼓部和岩部,3,部分， 周围与顶骨、枕骨及蝶骨相接。,Temporal bone,颞骨,Temporal bone,颞骨,49Temporal bone 颞骨 Temporal b,50,The facial cranium forms the bony framework of the face, the orbit,(,眼眶,), the nasal cavity,(,鼻腔,),and the roof and lateral wall of the mouth.,Facial cranium,面颅,=,15 pieces,Single bones,单块骨,Paired bones,成对骨,Mandible,下颌骨,Maxilla,上颌骨,Vomer,犁骨,Nasal bone,鼻骨,Hyoid bone,舌骨,Palatine bone,腭骨,Zygomatic bone,颧骨,Lacrimal bone,泪骨,Inferior nasal concha,下鼻甲, Facial cranium,面颅,50The facial cranium forms,51,Mandible,下颌骨,为面颅骨最大者，,分为体部及升支部，两侧体部在正中联合为一体。,Mandible,下颌骨,51Mandible 下颌骨 Mandible 下颌骨,52,Maxilla,上颌骨,位于人体面颅中央的上颌部的骨骼。成对分布，即左、右两块上颌骨在正中线相连结，上颌骨由,1,个骨体和,4,个突起组成。,Maxilla,上颌骨,52Maxilla 上颌骨 Maxilla 上颌骨,Hyoid bone 舌骨,位于面颅中央，两眶之间，左右成对，构成鼻背。, Mandible 下颌骨,The shape and classification of the bones,The skull at birth is large in proportion to rest of the skeleton 1/4 (adult 1/7).,Vertebral foramen,The articulation of Atlas with Axis,The red and yellow bone marrow,Roughly tri-angular shape, The bone marrow,Red bone marrow,Hyoid bone 舌骨,The basic concepts,Costal cartilage: 7 pairs,The basic concepts,颅前上部的一对膜化骨，后方紧接着一对顶骨，在人类头上联合形成单个骨，形成额与眶的上部。,主要由不同发育阶段的血细胞构成，主要分布在胸骨、椎骨、肋骨、髂骨等处。,Facial cranium 面颅 = 15 pieces,Spines and processes,Palatine bone 腭骨,为面颅骨最大者，分为体部及升支部，两侧体部在正中联合为一体。,儿童有2块髂骨、2块坐骨和2块耻骨，到成人就合并成为2块髋骨。,53,Zygomatic bone,颧骨,成对，位于上颌骨的外上方。,具有两个突起：,额突和颞突。,Zygomatic bone,颧骨,Hyoid bone 舌骨53Zygomatic bone,54,Hyoid bone,舌骨,位于下颌骨的后方，呈马蹄铁形，系于舌根。司舌之活动，与吞咽和发音有关。,Hyoid bone,舌骨,舌骨体,小角,大角,54Hyoid bone Hyoid bone 舌骨舌骨,55,Nasal bone,鼻骨,位于面颅中央，两眶之间，左右成对，构成鼻背。,Nasal bone,鼻骨,Nasal bone,55Nasal bone 鼻骨 Nasal bone 鼻骨,56,Lacrimal bone,泪骨,成对，位于两眶内侧壁的前部，为一小而薄的骨片。,Lacrimal bone,泪骨,56Lacrimal bone 泪骨 Lacrimal b,57,Inferior nasal concha,下鼻甲,为一对卷曲的薄骨片,呈水平位附于鼻腔的外侧壁。,Inferior nasal concha,下鼻甲,57Inferior nasal concha Infe,58,Frontal bone,Zygomatic bone,Nasal bone,Maxilla,Mandible,Sphenoid bone,Parietal bone,Temporal bone,Occipital bone,The skull bones,58Frontal boneZygomatic boneN,59,The general characters of the skull at birth,The skull at birth is large in proportion to rest of the skeleton 1/4 (adult 1/7).,Many bones consist of more than one piece.,59 The general characters of,60,The facial portion equals about one eight that of the cranium in size, whereas in adult it is one quarter (1/4).,The facial cranium portion,60The facial portion equals a,61,There are several cranial frontanelles.,The cranial frontanelles,脑颅囟,Anterior frontanelle,closed during middle of the 2nd year,Posterior frontanelle,closed by the end of the 2nd month after birth,Mastoid,(,乳突的,),fontanelle,Sphenoidal,(,蝶骨的,),fontanelle,Frontanelle:,unossified,membrane between the bones at the angles of parietal bones.,61There are several cranial fr,spinous process 棘突,Bone marrow, true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs, cranial frontanelles,costal head 肋骨头,为面颅骨最大者，分为体部及升支部，两侧体部在正中联合为一体。, Ethmoid bone 筛骨, Temporal bone 颞骨,Hard and resilient,Vertebral arch,2 The bones of the trunk,Ethmoid bone 筛骨,The visceral bones are formed in soft organs.,而初生婴儿的骨头竟多达305块。,Paired bones 成对骨,为面颅骨最大者，分为体部及升支部，两侧体部在正中联合为一体。,The skull bones,irregular bone,spinous process 棘突,Nervous fibers,1 The general description,A pair of laminae,The chemical composition and physical properties of the bones,Maxilla 上颌骨,62,The cranial frontanelles,(,脑颅囟,),view,spinous process 棘突62The crania,63,4,复习,提问,总结,Question 1:,What are the general features of bones?,Proper shape,Hard and resilient,Abundant in blood and nerve supply,Metabolism and growth,Repairing,修复,Regeneration,再生,Reconstruction,再造,634 复习 提问 总结Question 1:,64,Bone substance,骨质,Periosteum,骨膜,Bone marrow,骨髓,Nervous fibers,Blood vessels,Living bone structure,骨密质,骨松质,红骨髓,黄骨髓,Question 2:,what is the bone structure?,64Bone substance 骨质Living bone,65,Vertebral,Structure,Vertebral body,椎体,Vertebral arch,椎弓,Vertebral foramen,椎孔,Spongy bone,骨松质,Compact bone,骨密质,A pair of pedicles,1,对椎弓根,A pair of laminae,1,对椎弓板,Spines and processes,Question 3:,what is the vertebral structure?,65Vertebral Vertebral bodySpon,66,Question 4:,how many cranial frontanelles are there?,Anterior frontanelle,closed during middle of the 2nd year,Posterior frontanelle,closed by the end of the 2nd month after birth,Mastoid(,乳突的,) fontanelle,Sphenoidal(,蝶骨的,) fontanelle,66Question 4: how many cranial,67,Requirement:,answer every question in English.,7 Exercise,1.Term Explanation,Bone marrow, true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs,cranial frontanelles,Briefly stating the components and functions of the,skull bones.,(,简述人体颅骨的组成与功能,),四人一组制作,“,T,he appendicular skeleton of the human body,”,PPT,课件,.,67Requirement: answer every q,68,谢 谢 聆 听！,欢 迎 指 导！,68谢 谢 聆 听！,69,1 The general description,The general features of the bones,The bone number of the adult,The shape and classification of the bones,The structure of the bones,The chemical composition and physical properties of the bones,The basic concepts,The visceral bones,691 The general description,70,Proper shape,Hard and resilient,Abundant in blood and nerve supply,Metabolism and growth,Repairing,修复,Regeneration,再生,Reconstruction,再造,The general features of the bones,70Proper shape The general f,71,红骨髓：,主要由不同发育阶段的血细胞构成，主要分布在胸骨、椎骨、肋骨、髂骨等处。,具有造血功能。,The red and yellow bone marrow,黄骨髓：,含有大量的脂肪组织。,6,岁前后，长骨内的红骨髓逐渐转化为黄骨髓，失去造血功能。,患某种贫血症状时，黄骨髓可能重新转化为具造血功能的红骨髓。,71红骨髓：The red and yellow bone,Metabolism and growth,The bony substance,Proper shape,The structure of the bones,Costal cartilage,The articulation of Atlas with Axis,Bone marrow 骨髓,transverse process,Facial cranium 面颅 = 15 pieces,Sphenoid bone 蝶骨,The basic concepts,The shape and classification of the bones,There are several cranial frontanelles.,Paired bones 成对骨,The vertebral structure view,成对，位于上颌骨的外上方。,Question 1: What are the general features of bones?,Anterior frontanelle closed during middle of the 2nd year,Question 4: how many cranial frontanelles are there?, The Sacrum 骶椎,Compact bone,Ribs: 12 pairs,72,年龄对骨的化学成分和物理性质的影响,年龄段,有机质比例,无机质比例,物理特性,幼儿,50%,50%,不易骨折，易变形,成人,30%,70%,弹性和硬度都好,老人,20%,80%,脆性较大，易骨折,Metabolism and growth72年龄对骨的化学,73,The vertebral structure,Vertebral,Structure,Vertebral body,椎体,Vertebral arch,椎弓,Vertebral foramen,椎孔,Spongy bone,骨松质,Compact bone,骨密质,A pair of pedicles,1,对椎弓根,A pair of laminae,1,对椎弓板,Spines and processes,73 The vertebral structure V,74,Temporal bone,颞骨,位于颅骨两侧，并延至颅底，参与构成颅底和颅腔的侧部，形状不规则，以外耳门为中心可分为颞鳞、鼓部和岩部,3,部分， 周围与顶骨、枕骨及蝶骨相接。,Temporal bone,颞骨,Temporal bone,颞骨,74Temporal bone 颞骨 Temporal b,75,Hyoid bone,舌骨,位于下颌骨的后方，呈马蹄铁形，系于舌根。司舌之活动，与吞咽和发音有关。,Hyoid bone,舌骨,舌骨体,小角,大角,75Hyoid bone Hyoid bone 舌骨舌骨,spinous process 棘突,The chemical composition and physical properties of the bones,The body in heart-shaped.,为面颅骨最大者，分为体部及升支部，两侧体部在正中联合为一体。,Hard and resilient,The rib structure,Bone marrow, true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs, cranial frontanelles,The spines are strong and horizontal.,位于下颌骨的后方，呈马蹄铁形，系于舌根。,Made up of 5 fused vertebrae.,Abundant in blood and nerve supply,Hard and resilient,年龄对骨的化学成分和物理性质的影响,The visceral bones are formed in soft organs.,The facets (肋凹 )for the rib head and tubercle,The sternum,Facial cranium 面颅 = 15 pieces,The cranial frontanelles 脑颅囟,The bones of limbs homework,Periosteum 骨膜,23 Skull bones,Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎,76,Requirement:,answer every question in English.,7 Exercise,1.Term Explanation,Bone marrow, true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs,cranial frontanelles,Briefly stating the components and functions of the,skull bones.,(,简述人体颅骨的组成与功能,),四人一组制作,“,T,he appendicular skeleton of the human body,”,PPT,课件,.,spinous process 棘突76Requiremen,