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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Company Logo,L o g o,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,CASE:14,39059,(,4691015,),男,,72,岁。,病史:患者于半年前无明显诱因出现血尿,为尿末滴血,伴夜尿次数增多,每夜,34,次,尿量可,伴尿急。,2,个月前再次出现血尿,为全程血尿。,B,超:膀胱顶部占位,影像学征象分析,定性:恶性,定位:膀胱?脐尿管末端?,诊断:,脐尿管癌?,膀胱癌?,脐尿管囊肿合并感染?,膀胱镜示:膀胱肿瘤,病理:(膀胱顶壁)送检为少许粘液腺癌。,膀胱镜示:膀胱肿瘤,病理:(膀胱顶壁)送检为少许粘液腺癌。,脐尿管癌,脐尿管癌,(,Urachal carcinoma,),北京大学第三医院放射科,脐尿管,是胚胎时期从膀胱顶向脐延伸的管状结构,出生前以及婴儿期管状结构消失退化成为,脐正中韧带,位于脐正中皱襞内,。,脐尿管或脐正中韧带,属于腹膜外结构,,位于腹横筋膜与腹膜之问的疏松结缔组织内,(,即,Retzius,间隙内,),。,北京大学第三医院放射科,脐尿管解剖,成人脐尿管略呈圆锥形,底在膀胱顶,尖达脐部,有文献报道约,20-30,成人中脐尿管可显示。脐尿管一般长度约,2.0-15cm,,直径,8-lOmm,,顶部直径约,2mm.,北京大学第三医院放射科,脐尿管解剖,脐尿管畸形,脐部脐尿管窦道,脐尿管憩室,脐尿管囊肿,脐尿管未闭或瘘,脐尿管肿瘤,脐尿管癌,脐尿管间质细胞瘤等,北京大学第三医院放射科,脐尿管疾病,脐尿管癌是一种少见的恶性上皮肿瘤,占膀胱恶性肿瘤的,0.5-2%,,占所有成人肿瘤的,0.01%,以下。,好发部位:,膀胱内或近膀胱的脐尿管端(,94%,),脐尿管中段占,6%,脐尿管远段占,4%,发病年龄:多在,40,7,0,岁,男性多见,北京大学第三医院放射科,流行病学,早期无临床表现。,当病变突破膀胱黏膜时,,最常见的症状为血尿。,其次为腹痛、尿路刺激症状,部分患者可有脐部血性、脓性分泌物。,有文献报导肉眼下或镜下,粘液尿,比血尿出现早,更有价值,但发生率仅为,25%,。,北京大学第三医院放射科,临床表现,病理类型,粘液腺癌(最常见):,部分癌细胞胞质内可见粘液分泌性空泡状结构,部分病例细胞核呈印戒状。,未特殊分类腺癌:癌细胞呈腺样排列,腺腔大小不等,形态不规则。,移行细胞癌,鳞状细胞癌,小细胞癌,北京大学第三医院放射科,病理,区分脐尿管腺癌与原发性膀胱腺癌一直是临床及病理学的难题脐尿管癌病理诊断标准包括:,肿瘤位于膀胱顶部和前壁,残存脐尿管可见肿瘤,膀胱黏膜无腺性膀胱炎和囊性膀胱炎改变,除外转移性腺癌,北京大学第三医院放射科,病理,肿块位于膀胱顶部或前壁沿腹中线略偏一侧。,肿块可为囊性、实性、囊实性。,60%,的肿块可见低密度(在病理上为粘液成分),,50-70%,可见钙化灶。,增强扫描囊性部分有絮状强化或无强化,实性部分有明显不均匀强化。,浸润性生长,可侵犯膀胱、脐周组织、腹直肌。,北京大学第三医院放射科,CT表现,北京大学第三医院放射科,46,岁,男,(a,) was seen a large heterogeneous solid mass, with areas of low attenuation and dystrophic calcifications, suggestive of mucin content. (b) reformatted CT images, revealed the mass located superior to the bladder and extending through the right flank.,The lesion contact the bladder but no focal thickening of the bladder wall was evident,北京大学第三医院放射科,Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from the urachal remnant in a 38-year-old woman,(b),Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a low-attenuation mass with thin, curvilinear calcifications peripherally (arrowheads).,ut,uterus.,(c),CT scan obtained 2 cm lower than,b,shows a solid, high-attenuation mass with a smooth posterior border (arrowheads) contiguous with the dome of the bladder,(,bl,). Small, punctate calcifications are also seen in the center of the lesion.,北京大学第三医院放射科,55-year-old woman,,,(b, c),Contrast-enhanced CT scans (,c,obtained,at a lower level than,b,) show a well-defined mass (arrowheads) overlying the right anterosuperior aspect of the bladder (,bl,). The tumor is deviated to the right side rather than being in the typical midline location. Note the extravesical component with inhomogeneous,attenuation and an intravesical component with relatively homogeneous high attenuation.,囊性成分呈长,T1,长,T2,改变,实性成分为略长,T1,信号、等,T1,、长,T2,信号影。,增强扫描实性成分有强化,囊性成分无强化或是片絮状强化。,北京大学第三医院放射科,MRI,表现,MR revealed an inhomogeneous mass with intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images (a) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (b).After the administration of gadolinium (c), the mass enhanced slightly peripherally and on solid vegetations,膀胱癌,脐尿管囊肿合并感染,腹壁纤维瘤,卵巢病变,北京大学第三医院放射科,鉴别诊断,膀胱癌,多发生,膀胱后壁,或,膀胱三角,向腔内生长或局部壁增厚。,实性肿物,很少为囊性或囊实性。,北京大学第三医院放射科,鉴别诊断,脐尿管囊肿合并感染,脐尿管囊肿为囊性病灶,囊壁光滑,无强化,。,合并感染时,,壁增厚,,增强扫描明显强化,以,内壁强化,为主。,Retzius,间隙内脂肪层模糊,多发索条,北京大学第三医院放射科,鉴别诊断,Infected urachal cyst in a 55-year-old man,。,Contrast materialenhanced CT scan shows a strongly,enhancing, thick-walled cystic lesion with perilesional infiltration just beneath the abdominalwall in the midline (arrowheads).,腹,壁纤维瘤,多见于女性,发生于脐下,表现,为腹壁结节状或块状软组织,密度影,边界清晰。灶周无渗出改变。,北京大学第三医院放射科,鉴别诊断,27,岁,女性。腹壁纤维瘤,手术治疗为主。,以往一直将根治性全膀胱切除术作为治疗脐尿管癌的首选。,近年来采用扩大性膀胱部分切除术。,北京大学第三医院放射科,治疗,Thank You !,
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