初中定语从句基础讲解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,Attributive,C,lause,Your,bag is on the desk.,（,代词,）,I like,hard-working,student.,（,形容词,）,Do you have something,to drink,?,（,不定式,）,The boy,in blue,is Tom.,（,介词短语,）,定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，一般由,代词,、,形容词,、,副词,、,介词短语,、,分词（短语）,来充当。它常和名词一起构成名词短语，定语有,前置定语,和,后置定语,，前置定语多是单词的形式，后置定语多是短语或从句。,什么是定语？,什么是定语从句？,在复合句中作定语，修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用在句中相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。,试比较,Mary is a,beautiful,girl.,Mary is a girl,who has long hair,.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰,girl,叫做,定语从句,结构：先行词,+,关系词,+,句子,I love singers who write their own music.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词,跟在先行词后，引导从句的词,修饰先行词的句子,定语从句,：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先 行 词,：,被定语从句修饰的词,引 导 词,：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词,关系副词,引导词的作用,:,(1),引导定语从句,(2),在从句中作一成份,(3),代替先行词在从句中的位置,关系词,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,人,(n.)+,who,/,that,+从句,物,(n.)+,that,/which,+从句,关系代词,关系副词,关系词,的,判 断:,第一,，看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词,可用,that,who,whom,whose。,如果先行词指物,关系,代词可用,which,或,that;,第二,，确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,：,第三,，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.,注:,定语从句的时态不受主句的限制,。,The woman,who/that,spoke,at the meeting yesterday,is,my,mother.,(主句)The woman is my mother.,(叙述客观事实 用一般现在时),(从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.,(句中yesterday表示过去时间),1.The man is a farmer.,2.The,man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子,:,The man,who,is speaking at the meeting,is a farmer.,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,I have,an apple,.,An apple,is red.,I have,an apple,that,is red.,修饰先行词,an apple,主语,主语,关系词,that,在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。,I like,some friends,.,Some friends,like sports.,I like some,friends,who,like sports.,修饰先行词 friends,主语,主语,/,that,关系词who/that 在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。,I like,the music,.,I can dance to,the music.,I like,the music,that,I can dance to.,宾语,宾语,关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。,I like,the girl,.,You are talking to,the girl,.,I like,the girl,who(m),you are talking to.,宾语,宾语,/that,关系词who/that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。,小结：,that,既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。,which,指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,.,who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,Who/that,在定语从句中作主语时，,谓语动词的单复数英语先行词保持一致。,I prefer,shoes,that,are,cool.,I have,a friend,who,plays,sports.,关系代词who/that的作用：,a.做代词，代替先行词,b.在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语,c.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来,I love singers who write their own music.,定语从句中需注意事项,有些情况下只用关系词,that,而不宜用which,1.从句所修饰的词又被,形容词最高级,或,序数词,修饰时,This is the most interesting story,(that),I have ever heard.,The first meeting,(that),we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.,2.先行词是 something,nothing,anything等,不定代词,时,Here is something,(that),I will tell you.,3.先行词既有,人,也有,物,时,只能用,that,I can remember well the persons and some pictures,(that),I see.,4.先行词是one of,the one,或用 little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时,Is it the one,that,you want?,I havent got much,that,I can offer you.,5.当,主句,已有,疑问词 who,或,which,时，用,that,Who is the woman,that,was praised at the meeting?,注:,who、that,在指人可以通用，但下列,宜用,who,不用that,1).先行词是anyone,someone,those,时，关系词使用who,Those,who,want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.,Is there anyone,who,wants to go there?,2).在,there be,句型中，先行词指人,关系词用,who,There is an old man,who,wants to see you.,There are many young men,who,are,against him.,练习：判断,Who/that,在从句中担任主语还是宾语。,I love singers,who,write their own songs,He is the man,who,I met yesterday.,I like music,that,I can dance to.,I prefer a sandwich,that,is really delicious.,主语,宾语,宾语,主语,阅读下列句子，再用who/that 填空。,1.I have a,brother,_ likes soccer.,2.Tom doesnt like,movies,_are too long,and too scary.,3.We prefer,groups,_ play,loud and,energetic songs.,4.,He likes,friends,_ often help each other.,who/that,that,that,who/that,请将下列题中的两个句子合并成一个句子。,1,I like,music,.,The music,is loud and exciting.,_.,2.,She loves,movies,.,The movies,are romantic.,_.,3.,T,ony likes,music,.,He can dance to,the music.,_.,I like music that is loud and exciting.,She loves movies that are romantic.,Tony likes music that he can dance to.,Match the two sentences,1.Im reading a book.,The book,is about Bill Gates.,_,2.He is a teacher.,The teacher,teaches us Chinese.,_,3.I dont like the man.,He,is smoking.,_,4.Where is the picture?You bought,it,last week.,_,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,whose 作定语,表示所属关系。,The boy is my classmate.,The boys,father is a policeman.,The boy,whose father is a policeman,is my classmate.,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(,孤儿,).,A.who B.whose,C.whos D.which,Look at the girl _name is Lucy,.,A.who B.that,C.whos D.whose,关系副词,关系副词,是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中,作状语,。,where:,在从句中作,地点状语,指代地点.,when:,在从句中作,时间状语,指代时间。,1.The,hotel,wasnt clean.,+,We stayed,at the hotel,.,The,hotel,where,we stayed wasnt clean.,The,hotel,at which,we stayed wasnt clean.,The,hotel,(which),we stayed at wasnt clean.,2.Ill never forget,the day,.,I joined the League,on that day,.,Ill never forget,the day,when,I,joined the League.,Ill never forget,the day,on which,I joined the League.,关系副词,关系副词：在句中作状语,关系副词=介词+关系代词,why=for which where=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during