SPC统计制程品管概述

按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,統計制程品管(SPC),科建顧問,KIND CONSULTING,Print by Danny.Wang,統計技,術,術之應,用,用,1。市,場,場分析,2。產,品,品設計,3。相,依,依性規,格,格，壽,命,命及耐,用,用性預,測,測,4。制,程,程管制,及,及制程,能,能力研,究,究,5。制,程,程改善,6。安,全,全評估/風險,分,分析,7。驗,收,收抽樣,8。數,据,据分析,，,，績效,評,評估及,不,不良分,析,析,K,在內之或然率,在外之或然率,0.67,50.00%,50.00%,1,68.26%,31.74%,1.96,95.00%,5.00%,2,95.45%,4.55%,2.58,99.00%,1.00%,3,99.73%,0.27%,常態分,配,配,常態分,配,配,95.45%,99.73%,68.26%,-3-2,-1,+1+2+3,+3,-3,UCL,CL,LCL,管制界,限,限的构,成,成,共同原,因,因与特,殊,殊原因,之,之變异,共同原,因,因：制,程,程中變,异,异因素,是,是在統,計,計的管,制,制,狀態下,，,，其產,品,品之特,性,性有固,定,定的分,配,配。,特殊原,因,因：制,程,程中變,异,异因素,不,不在統,計,計的管,制,制,狀態下,，,，其產,品,品之特,性,性沒有,固,固定的,分,分配。,預測,時間,共同原,因,因的變,异,异,預測,時間,特殊原,因,因的變,异,异,兩种錯,誤,誤(,risk risk,),-3,+3,1,2,兩种錯,誤,誤(,risk risk,),管制界限,值,1,31.74%,2,4.56%,3,0.27%,4,6/10%,3,平均值移動,值,1-,值,1,97.72%,2.28%,2,84.13%,15.87%,3,50.00%,50.00%,4,15.87%,84.13%,管制,圖,的选择,新據性,質,質,?,樣本大,小,小,n=,?,數據系,不,不良數,或,或缺點,數,數,CL性,質,質,?,n=,?,n,是否相,等,等,?,單位大,小,小是否,相,相關,X-R,管,製,圖,計量值,計量值,n,2,n=1,不良值,缺點數,n,=3或5,n,=25,n,10,不是,是,是,不是,_,X-R,管,製,圖,_,X-,管,製,圖,X-R,m,管,製,圖,P,管,製,圖,P,n,管,製,圖,u,管,製,圖,C,管,製,圖,管制圖,的,的選擇,X-R管制圖(平均值与全,距,距),1.公式,(1)X管,制,制圖,CL=X,UCL=X+A,2,R,LUL=X-A,2,R,(2)R管,制,制圖,CL=R,UCL=D,4,R,LCL=D,3,R,X-R管制圖(平均值与全,距,距),2.實例：,某工厂制造一,批,批紫銅管，應,用,用X-R管制,圖,圖來控制其內,徑,徑，尺寸單位,為,為m/m,利,用,用下頁數据表,之,之資料，求的,其,其管制界限并,繪,繪圖。(n=5),X-R繪圖步,驟,驟,1.將每樣組,之,之X与R算出,記,記入數据表內,2.求X与R,X=,X/n=1250/25=50.16,R=R/n=120/25=4.8,3.查系數A,2,，D,4,，D,3,A,2,=0.58，D,4,=2.11，D,3,=負值(以0,代,代表),4.求管制界,限,限,(1)X管制,圖,圖,CL=R=4.8,-R繪圖步驟,X,UCL=X+A2R=50.16+0.58*4.8=52.93,LCL=X-A2R=50.16-0.58*4.8=47.39,(2)R管,制,制圖,CL=R=4.8,UCL=D,4,R=2.11*4.8=10.13,LCL=D,3,R=0*4.8=0,5.將管制界,限,限繪入管制圖,6.點圖,-R繪圖步驟,X,7.檢討管制,界,界限,X管制圖,R管制圖,5.2,5.4,5.0,4.8,4.6,10,5,0,UCL(52.93),CL(50.16),LCL(47.39),UCL(10.15),CL(4.8),LCL(0),P管制圖(,不,不良率),1.公式,(1)公組,樣,樣本大小n,相,相等時：,CL=P,UCL=P+3P(1-P)/n,LCL=P-3P(1-P)/n,2.實例,某工厂制造,外,外銷產品，,每,每2小時抽,取,取100件,來,來檢查，將,檢,檢查所得之,不,不良品數据,，,，列于下表,，,，利用此項,數,數据，繪制,不,不良率(P)管制圖，,控,控制其品質,。,。,P管制圖(,不,不良率),組別,n,d,p,組別,n,d,p,組別,n,d,p,1,100,3,0.03,11,100,3,0.03,21,100,5,0.05,2,100,4,0.04,12,100,6,0.06,22,100,8,0.08,3,100,3,0.03,13,100,8,0.08,23,100,4,0.04,4,100,8,0.08,14,100,5,0.05,24,100,5,0.05,5,100,5,0.05,15,100,2,0.02,25,100,4,0.04,6,100,5,0.05,16,100,3,0.03,合計,2500,125,1.25,7,100,7,0.07,17,100,6,0.06,平均,100,5,0.05,8,100,5,0.05,18,100,2,0.02,9,100,5,0.05,19,100,7,0.07,10,100,6,0.06,20,100,5,0.05,P管制圖繪,圖,圖步驟,1.求管制,界,界限,CL=P=125/2500=0.05=5%,UCL=P+3P(100-P)/n=11.54%,LCL=P-3P(100-P)/n=0(為負,值,值，視為0),2.點繪管,制,制圖,UCL,CL,LCL,計量值管制,圖,圖常用之系,數,數表,n,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,A,2,1.880,1.023,0.729,0.577,0.483,0.419,0.373,0.337,0.308,0.285,0.266,0.249,0.235,0.223,0.212,0.203,0.194,0.187,0.180,D,3,0.076,0.136,0.184,0.223,0.256,0.283,0.307,0.328,0.347,0.363,0.378,0.391,0.403,0.415,D,4,3.267,2.574,2.282,2.114,2.004,1.924,1.864,1.816,1.777,1.744,1.717,1.693,1.672,1.653,1.637,1.622,1.608,1.597,1.585,d,2,1.128,1.693,2.059,2.326,2.534,2.704,2.847,2.970,3.078,3.173,3.258,3.336,3.407,3.472,3.523,3.588,3.640,3.689,3.735,管制圖的判,定,定方法,正常點子之,動,動態之管制,圖,圖,1。多數的,點,點子，集中,在,在中心線附,近,近，且兩邊,對,對稱。,2。少數的,點,點子，落在,管,管制界限附,近,近。,3。點子之,分,分布呈隨机,狀,狀態，無任,何,何規則可尋,4。沒有點,子,子超出管制,界,界限外(有,也,也很少),不正常點子,之,之動態之管,制,制圖,1。在中心,線,線附近無點,子,子。,2。在管制,界,界限附近無,點,點子。,3。在點子,逸,逸出管制界,限,限之現象,A，管制圖,的,的判讀法,管制圖之不,正,正常型態之,鑒,鑒別是根据,或,或然率之理,論,論而加以判,定,定的，出現,下,下述之一項,者,者，即為不,正,正常之型態,，,，應調查可,能,能原因。,檢定規則1,：,：,3點中有2,點,點在A區或A區以外者(3分之2A),UCL,LCL,X,A,B,C,B,A,C,A，管制圖的判,讀,讀法,檢定規則2：,5點中有4點在B區或B區以外,者,者(5分之4B),UCL,LCL,X,A,B,C,B,A,C,A，管制圖的判,讀,讀法,檢定規則3：,有8點在中心線,之,之兩側，但C區,并,并無點子者。(8缺C),UCL,LCL,X,A,B,C,B,A,C,A，管制圖的判,讀,讀法,檢定規則3：,有8點在中心線,之,之兩側，但C區,并,并無點子者。(8缺C),UCL,LCL,X,A,B,C,B,A,C,A，管制圖的判,讀,讀法,檢定規則4：,(1)連續五點,繼,繼續上升(或下,降,降)-注,意,意以后動態,(2)連續六點,繼,繼續上升(或下,降,降)-開,始,始調查原因,(3)連續七點,繼,繼續上升(或下,降,降)-必有,原,原因，應立即采,取,取措施。,檢定規,則,則5：,點,點子出,現,現在中,心,心線的,單,單側較,多,多時，,有,有下列,狀,狀況者,a.,連,連續11點中,至,至少有10點,b.,連,連續14點中,至,至少有12點,C.,連,連續17點中,至,至少有14點,d.,連,連續20點中,至,至少有16點,A，管,制,制圖的,判,判讀法,檢定規,則,則6：,點,點出現,在,在管制,圖,圖界限,的,的近旁,時,時，一,般,般以超,出,出2,管制界,限,限的點,為,為調整,基,基准，,出,出現下,列,列情況,時,時，可,判,判定制,程,程發生,异,异常,a.,連續3點,中,中有2點,以,以上,時,時,b.,連續7點,中,中有3點,以,以上,時,時,c.,連續10,點,點中,有,有4,點,點以,上,上時,B，,數,數据,分,分配,之,之連,串,串理,論,論判,定,定法,管制,圖,圖上,諸,諸點,，,，以,中,中心,線,線(CL)為,主,主，,划,划分,兩,兩部,分,分，,若,若一,點,點或,連,連續,數,數點,在,在管,制,制圖,中,中心,線,線之,一,一方,，,，該,點,點或,連,連續,數,數點,為,為一,串,串，,UCL,LCL,CL,B，,數,數据,分,分配,之,之連,串,串理,論,論判,定,定法,首先,記,記算,此,此管,制,制圖,之,之總,串,串數,在管,制,制圖,上,上方,者,者：6串,11點,在管,制,制圖,下,下方,者,者：6串,13點,總串,數,數：6+6=12,串,串,點數,取,取大,者,者為s,點,點數,取,取小,者,者為r,(sr),查表P=0.005与,表,表P=0.05得,到,到6,，,，8,12,6and,12,8,故,判,判定,此,此管,制,制圖,數,數据,之,之分,配,配具,隨,隨机,性,性。,B，,數,數据,分,分配,之,之連,串,串理,論,論判,定,定法,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6,2,7,2,3,8,3,3,3,9,3,3,3,4,10,3,3,4,4,5,11,3,4,4,5,5,5,12,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,13,3,4,5,5,5,6,6,7,14,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7,15,4,4,5,6,6,7,7,7,8,8,16,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,17,4,5,5,6,7,7,8,8,8,9,9,10,18,4,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,19,4,5,6,6,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10,11,11,201,4,5,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,表P=0.005,r,s,B，數据,分,分配之連,串,串理論判,定,定法,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6,3,7,4,4,8,4,4,5,9,4,5,5,6,10,5,5,6,6,6,11,5,5,6,6,7,7,12,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,13,5,6,6,7,8,8,9,9,14,5,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,