危险性的原则及其在食品安全中的应用

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,【WORKSHOP ON AGRO-FOOD SAFETY ISSUES 2002.10.9-11】,General Principle&Application of Risk Analysis on Food Safety,危险性分析的原则及其在食品安全中的应用,1,Food safety a global concern,Food ingredients and products sourced around the world,食物原料和产品来源于世界各地,Food control measures not the same everywhere,各地的食品安全控制措施不同,Food safety may be perceived differently in different parts of the world,不同地域对食品安全的认识不同,Can obstruct international trade,国际贸易受阻,2,CAC&WTO,SPS和TBT协议是WTO成员在国际贸易中必须遵循的多边协定,应用卫生与植物卫生措施协定,SPS,Sanitary/Phytosanitary Measures Agreement,贸易技术壁垒协议,TBT,The Agreement on,Technical Barriers to Trade,3,WHO要求各会员国：,在食品安全行动之下，重点制定和评估国家的控制战略，支持发展评估与食品相关风险的科学，包括,分析与食源性疾病相关的高危因素,；要最大可能利用发展中国家在食源性因素危险性评估方面的信息以制定国际标准。,4,Risk analysis why?,为什么要进行危险性分析,Food safety of increasing concern,食品安全被广为关注,Move towards a risk based approach,趋向于对危险性的研究,Decision making based on sound science,基于科学基础上的决策,5,Risk Analysis-what is it?,A process consisting of 3 components:,risk assessment,危险性评估,risk management,危险性管理,risk communication,危险性信息交流,6,Risk Analysis Paradigm,Risk Assessment,Risk Management,Risk Communication,Science based,Policy based,Interactive exchange,of information and opinions,7,Risk Assessment,(CAC,1997),危险性评估,A scientifically based process,科学评估的程序,The evaluation of the potential for adverse effects on human or animal health arising from the presence of additives,contaminants,toxins,or disease-causing organisms in food,beverages or feedstuffs.,(WTO),评估食品、饮料、饲料中的,添加剂、污染物、毒素或病原菌对人群或动物潜在副作用的科学程序。,8,Risk Management,(CAC,1997),危险性管理,The process,distinct from risk assessment,of weighing policy alternatives,in consultation with all interested parties,considering risk assessment and other factors relevant for the health protection of consumers and for the promotion of fair trade practices,and,if needed,selecting appropriate prevention and control options.,在危险性评估的科学基础上，为保护消费者健康、促进国际食品贸易而采取的预防和控制措施。,9,Risk Communication,危险性信息交流,The interactive exchange of information and opinions throughout the risk analysis process concerning hazards and risks,risk related factors and risk perceptions,among risk assessors,risk managers,consumers,industry,the academic community and other interested parties,including the explanation of risk assessment findings and the basis of risk management decisions,在危险性评估者，危险性管理者，消费者，企业，学术团体和其他组织间就危害、危险性，与危险性相关的因素和理解等进行广泛的信息和意见沟通，包括危险性评估的结论和危险性管理决策。,10,危,险,险,性,性,评,评,估,估,程,程,序,序,RiskAssessment,危,害,害,的,的,确,确,定,定,HazardIdentification,危,害,害,的,的,特,特,征,征,描,描,述,述,HazardCharacterization,暴,露,露,量,量,评,评,估,估,ExposureAssessment,危,险,险,特,特,征,征,的,的,描,描,述,述,RiskCharacterization,11,Hazard,(CAC,1997),危,害,害,Abiological,chemicalorphysicalagentin,orconditionof,foodwiththepotentialtocauseanadversehealtheffect.,食,品,品,中,中,可,可,能,能,存,存,在,在,的,的,影,影,响,响,人,人,体,体,健,健,康,康,的,的,生,生,物,物,、,、,化,化,学,学,、,、,物,物,理,理,因,因,素,素,，,，,或,或,状,况,况,。,12,HazardsinFood,Microorganisms,细,菌,菌,Fungiandmycotoxins,真,菌,菌,和,和,真,真,菌,菌,毒,毒,素,素,Virusesandparasites,病,毒,毒,和,和,寄,寄,生,生,虫,虫,Toxicplantsandanimals,有,毒,毒,动,动,植,植,物,物,Potentialenvironmentaltoxicants,潜,在,在,的,的,环,环,境,境,有,有,毒,毒,化,化,学,学,污,污,染,染,物,物,13,Hazardcharacterisation,(CAC,1997),危,害,害,特,特,征,征,的,的,描,描,述,述,Thequalitativeand/orquantitativeevaluationofthenatureoftheadversehealtheffectsassociatedwiththehazard.ForthepurposeofMicrobiologicalRiskAssessmenttheconcernsrelatetomicroorganismsandtheirtoxins.,微生,物,物危,害,害的,定,定性,（,（半,定,定量,）,）、,定,定量,评,评估,14,ExposureAssessment,(CAC,1997),暴露,评,评估,Thequalitativeand/orquantitativeevaluationofthelikelyintakeofbiological,chemicalandphysicalagentsviafoodaswellasexposuresfromothersourcesifrelevant.,从食,物,物或,相,相关,来,来源,摄,摄入,生,生物,、,、化,学,学和,物,物理,因,因子,的,的定,性,性、,定,定量,评,评估,15,RiskCharacterization,(CAC,1997),危险,性,性特,征,征的,描,描述,Theprocessofdeterminingthequalitativeand/orquantitativeestimation,includingattendantuncertainties,oftheprobabilityofoccurrenceandseverityofknownorpotentialadversehealtheffectsinagivenpopulationbasedonhazardidentification,hazardcharacterizationandexposureassessment.,在危,害,害的,识,识别,、,、危,害,害的,特,特征,描,描述,和,和暴,露,露评,估,估的,基,基础,上,上确,定,定事,件,件暴,发,发的,概,概率,和,和严,重,重性,，,，或,对,对健,康,康产,生,生潜,在,在不,良,良影,响,响的,定,定性,和,和/,定,定量,评,评估,的,的过,程,程。,16,Riskmanagement,危险,性,性管,理,理,4Elements,：,Riskevaluation,危险,性,性评,价,价,Riskmanagementoptionsassessment,危险,性,性管,理,理选,项,项评,估,估,Implementation,执行,Monitoringandreview,监测,和,和回,顾,顾,17,Implementation,执行,Canbedonebybothgovernmentofficialsandthefoodindustry,可被,政,政府,官,官方,和,和食,品,品企,业,业执,行,行,Implementationwilltakedifferentformsdependingwhatdecisionshavebeentaken,执行,将,将根,据,据已,定,定的,决,决议,采,采取,不,不同,形,形式,MRAmaybeusefulinimplementation,informationonproductpathogenpathway,inparticularexposureassessmentcanbeavaluableinformationsource,MRA,在执,行,行中,的,的作,用,用,病原,菌,菌产,生,生的,途,途径,特别,是,是暴,露,露评,估,估可,作,作为,有,有价,值,值的,信,信息,来,来源,18,MonitoringandReview,监测,与,与评,议,议,Assesseffectivenessofmeasurestaken,评估,所,所用,方,方法,的,的效,率,率,providesmoredata,提供,更,更多,数,数据,providesinformationneedtoreviewriskmanagementdecisionandifneededriskassessment,提供,信,信息,，,，以,便,便评,议,议危,险,险性,管,管理,决,决议,及,及是,否,否需,要,要危,险,险性,评