材料成型及控制模具专业英语L

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Specialized English for Material Forming and Controlling,材料成型及控制专业英语,Lecturers: Prof.,Sheng Lu,Dr.,Ying-Guo Zhou,School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2#, Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China,E-Mail:,Lecture 56 Translation,翻译,Outline,Section I: Comparison between English and Chinese,Section II: Standard and Process of Translation,Section III: Methods and Technique of Translation,Section 1,Comparison between English and Chinese,英语和汉语的比较,一、句子结构的差别,英语的句子结构较为严谨,汉语的句子结构较松，文句较简洁,(1),We are interested,in,producing a component,that has the proper shape,and,properties,and,permitting the component,to,perform its task,for,its expected life time,.,英语句子中使用in、to、for、and等介词、前置词、连词构成表示目的的状语和并列关系，用that引出定语从句),我们感兴趣的是制造具有特定形状和性能的零件，允许这个零件在其预期的寿命内进行工作。,(2),Manganese reduces the harmful effect,of,sulphur,by,combining with it,to,form globules of manganese sulphide,which are normally uniformly distributed,throughout,the structure,without,seriously lowering mechanical properties of steel.,(使用of引出定语，用by、to、throughout、without等介词、前置词与动词或名词构成表示手段、目的、状态的状语，用which引出定语从句),锰通过与硫化合形成球状的硫化锰减少硫的有害作用，硫化锰通常均匀地分布在整个组织中，而不削弱钢的力学性能。,(3),Because of the mechanism,by,which the sand is compacted,when jolted the joint,and,lower horizontal faces,of,the pattern,produce the most compacted parts,of,the mould and the sand at the back,of,the moulding box is very loosely packed.,根据型砂紧实机理，在震击时、分型面和模样较低的水平面在铸型内震实得最紧，而砂箱背面的型砂震实得很松。,(用Because of引导出原因状语、用when引导出省略的状语从句、并使用of、at、by、and等前置词、介词、连结词构成具有不同语法功能的词组、使句子形成了一个严谨的结构),二、词汇上的差别,(1) 英语的词义与汉语的词义对等。,例如：,steel 钢 pearlite 珠光体,aluminum 铝 solidification 凝固,polymer 聚合物 undercooling 过冷,temperature 温度 microstructure 显微组织,(2) 英语的词义与汉语的词义部分对应。,如英语中的“furnace”一词，在汉语中可泛指各种类型的“炉子”，包括鼓风炉（高炉)、热处理炉、坩埚炉、甚至家用燃气炉、煤炉等。而“cupola”仅指化铁用的“冲天炉”，反过来，汉语中的“特性”一词，在英语中有“characteristic”、property、“performance”“behavior”等几个具有类似意义但用于不同场合的词与之对应。,1词义方面,(3)一个英语词所表达的意义与几个具有不同的词义甚至词性的汉语词分别对应。,metal,名词“金属、合金、五金、淦、成分、轴承、碎石料”等,动词“用金属包镀、覆以金属、用碎石铺路面”等,cast,名词“铸造、浇注、浇灌、熔炼、投射、筹划、预测、安排、分类整理”,相同含义的动词,extrusion casting、liquid forging、forging casting,表示一种将液态金属浇注到金属模中，在固液两相共存的情况下用锻造挤压的方法进行成形的新工艺,挤压铸造、液态锻造、铸锻法等,2词的搭配上的不同,heavy,heavy alloy 高密度合金 heavy casting 厚大铸件,heavy machine 重型机械 heavy iron 镀锌薄板,heavy mill 大型轧钢机 heavy plant 重工业厂矿,heavy scale 厚氧化皮 heavy oil 重柴油,heavy current 强电流 heavy load 重载,heavy traffic 拥挤的交通 heavy repair大修,heavy fire 猛烈炮火 heavy crops丰收,heavy storm 大风暴 heavy snow大雪,heavy wire 粗导线 heavy polymer 高分子聚合物,burn,burn away 烧失 burn back 熔接,burn in 腐蚀 burn-off 降碳,burn-on 粘砂 burned sand枯砂,burned-on-sand 包砂 burning-in机械粘砂,3词序的不同,就自然词序而言，英语和汉语两种语言都是主语在动词前面，宾语在动词后面。但是在,定语,和,状语,的位置上，两种语言存在着一定的差异。在英语句子中，若定语是一个单询，一般放在所修饰的词的前面(前置)；若定语是一个短语或从句，则一般放在它所修饰的词的后面(后置)。但在汉语中，定语律放在它所修饰的词语的前面。,(1) The redistribution of carbon atoms by diffusion within the austenite is necessary to allow ferrite,which contains very little carbon,or cementitie,which contains 6.7carbon to form,.,为了形成,含碳量非常少的,铁素体或,含碳量为6.7的,渗碳体、碳原子必须在奥氏体中通过扩散重新分布。,(2) A,centrifugal,casting has,superior,mechanical properties to that of a,similar,casting,produced,by conventional methods,.,离心铸造,铸件比,用一般方法生产的类似,铸件具有,更优良,的力学性能,在英语句子中，若状语是一个单词，其位置根据它所修饰的词语的不同而不同。若单词状语所修饰的是形容词，该单词状语一般前置；若单词状语所修饰的是动词，般后置；若用来修饰某个状语的单词状语是个表示程度的状语，则既可能前置、也可能后置。若状语是一个短语而是用来修饰动词时，该状语既可放在动词之前，也可放在动词之后。但汉语句子中的状语一般都放在它所修饰的词语前面。,(1)This process offers a,very,good control on the gas content and the amount of insoluble oxide films in the liquid metal,该工艺能,很,好地控制金属液中的气体含量和不溶氧化膜的数量。,(2)The trend,today,in metal plasticforming,is more and more to replace hot forming,by cold forming,.,现今金属塑性成形的,趋势是越来越多地,用冷成形,代替热成形。,(3) Successful welding of many alloy steels requires a controlled rate of cooling,because when heated to a high temperature and cooled rapidly,they readily harden,成功地焊接许多合金钢要求控制冷却速度，因为,当加热到高温并迅速冷却时,它们容易淬硬。,三、主句和从句的次序不同,1时间顺序,英语表示时间的从句在复合句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句之前或之后，排列顺序与时间先后无关。而在汉语中，一般按照主句和从句所叙述的事情发生的先后排列。在包含两个以上时间从句的复合句中，英语各从句的次序也比较灵活，而汉语则需按照事情发生的先后安排位置。,The primary dendrites solidifies,before cutectic reaction,when the temperature decreases,当温度降低时,，初生枝晶,在共晶反应之前,凝固。,2逻辑顺序,在主句和从句的逻辑顺序方面，表示因果关系的英语复合句对于原因（或条件)与结果的先后没有一定次序要求；而汉语则一般要按照“原因（条件)在前，结果在后”的次序排列。,The coreless induction furnace is often used as an initial melting unit for nodular or spherical graphite (S. G)irons,since it offers greater control over metal composition and temperature，furnace atmosphere and treatment time.,由于无芯感应炉可以较好地控制金属成分、温度、炉于气氛以及处理时间,，所以常将它用做球墨铸铁的初始熔炼设备。,在表示“目的与行动”、“结果与理由”关系的复合句中，英语对主、从句先后次序的要求与汉语相同，一般是“行动(理由)在前，目的(结果)在后”。,Without a feeder, the pressure of the mould cavity and the inside pressure of the sand mould become negative,the mould will then collapse,because it loses the pressure difference necessary for supporting its formation,如果没有冒口,，型腔的压力和砂型的内压将变成负值，,这时砂型,由于失去了支持其形成所必须的压力差,将发生崩溃。,Section 2,Standard and Process of Translation,翻译的标准和过程,一、翻译的标准,“信、达、雅”,一般说来，专业英语的翻译应坚持以下两条标准：,第一、译文应当忠实于原文，应准确而完整地表达原文的思想内容.,第二、译文语言必须规范化，应使用本民族的、科学的、大众的语言。,严复,简炼,明确,通顺,特别强调:,二、翻译的过程,翻译过程可以分为原文理解、汉语表达和译文校对三个阶段，其中理解是表达的前提，是指通过原作的语意、事理和逻辑关系等去了解原作的内容；表达是在理解基础上的创作，是把已经理解的内容用恰如其分的汉语简明流畅地再现出来；校对是对理解和表达的内容进行进一步的核实、推敲和润色。,1原文理解阶段,“What about sulfur in your cast iron?”,“What about you?”,(“你好吗”),“你铸铁中的硫好吗?”,“铸铁中硫的影响及其最佳含量”,透彻理解原文是准确表达的前提,2汉语表达阶段,为了使译文准确、通顺，在表达阶段有两点必须注意： (1)注意表达的规范性,(2)注意表达的逻辑性,In most instances, casting designs are affected in some significant way by manufacturing processes.,在多数情况，铸件的设计以某种重要方式被加工过程影响着。,在许多情况下，加工工艺对铸件的设计有重要的影响。,In conclusion, molding sand must be monitored in a regulated manner at all steps along the way, while monitoring all inputs and outputs,总之，当控制了所有的进料和出料时，型砂必须以有规则的方式在全过程的所有步骤进行监控。,总之尽管对型砂所有的进、出料进行了控制，仍须在其制备全过程的每道工序定期地对其进行监控。,3译文校对阶段,The amount of technical information available to todays scientists and engineers is vast and increasing daily,今天的科学家和工程师可以利用的技术情报是广泛的，并且在不断地增加。,今天科学家和工程师能利用的技术情报浩如烟海，日新月异。,Section III: Methods and Technique of Translation,翻译的方法和技巧,一、英语原文的分析与理解,注重语法分析,British and American,metallurgists,arrived on,the patent office door step,at about the same time in 1948,with their processes for manufacturing a new form of cast iron called ductile iron,a marvelous product,that could be made using most of the available equipmemt and technology of the gray iron foundry and had some special physical and economic advantages setting it apart from gray and malleable irons and forged of cast steels.,英国和美国的冶金学家在1948年大约相同的时候，各自带着他们关于制造一种叫做球墨铸铁的新型铸铁的生产工艺，到专利事务所申报专利。这种铸铁是一种奇特的材料，它能用灰铸铁车间现有的大部分设备和技术制造，而又具有与灰铸铁、可锻铸铁、锻钢和铸钢不同的一些特殊的物理上与经汗上的优点。,二、词性的转换,词性转换是指翻译时改变原文中某些词的词性，以适应汉语表达习惯或达到一定的修辞目的。,1名词转换为动词或形容词,(1) The experiment proved to be a,failure,实验,失败,了。,2动词转换为名词,(2) The instrument is,characterized,by its compactness and portability.,该仪器的,特点,是结构紧凑、携带方便。,实验被证明是一个,失败,。,3形容词转换为其他词,(3) This metal matrix composite is fairly,recent,development,这种金属基复合材料是,最近,开发出来的。(转换为副词),4副词转换为其他词,(4) The device is shown,schematically,in Fig. 3.,图3显示了这种装置的,简图,。(转换为名词),5介词转换为动词,(5) The letter A is commonly used for austenite, F for ferrite, G for graphite.,通常用字母A,表示,奥氏体、字母F,表示,铁素体、字母G,表示,石墨。,三、成分的转换,1动词宾语移作主语,(1) This device exhibits a,high efficient,.,这台设备的,效率很高,。 (试比较：这台设备显示出很高的效率),2介词宾语移作主语,(2) Cast irons differ in their,graphite morphologies,.,各种铸铁的,石墨形态,不同。(试比较：各种铸铁区别于它们的石墨形态),3表语移作主语,(3) This equipment is,a well-designed structure,这台设备的,结构设计得很好,。(试比较：这台设备是一个,设计得很好的结构,),4主语移作定语,(4),Arsenic,has a diffusion coefficient an order of magnitude lower than that of boron and phosphorous,砷的扩散系数比硼和磷低一个数量级。,5主语移作宾语,(5),Carbon,is found in almost all ferrous metals.,几乎所有的黑色金属中都含有碳。,6定语移作谓语,(6),Many factors,affect forging qualities,影响锻件质量的,因素很多,。,四、词义的选择,1根据词类，辩明词义,(1) Aluminium is a,light,metal(light作定语，是形容询),(2) The foundry produces,light,castings. (light作定语，是形容词),(3),Light,cannot pass through opaque object. (light作主语，名词),(4) The beacon,lighted,the plane to a safe landing. (lighted是谓语动词),(1) 铝是一种,轻,金属。,(2) 这个铸造厂生产,薄小,铸件。,(3),光,不能穿过不透明的物体。,(4) 航信标,指引,飞机安全着陆。,2区分场合，确定词义,(1) The fouth,power,of three is eighty one (数学),(2) Energy is the,power,to do work. (物理),(3) With the development of electrical engineering,power,can be transmitted over long distances. (电力),(4) The surface morphology of spheroidal graphite in ductile iron can be observed under a 1000,power,scanning electron microscope. (铸造),(1) 三的四次,方,是八十一。,(2) 能量是作功的,能力,。,(3) 随着电气工程的发展，,电力,能传输得非常远。,(4) 球墨铸铁中球状石墨的表面形貌可在一千,倍,的扫描电子显微镜下观察。,3 按照习惯，搭配词义,(1),High,silicon cast iron possesses,high,resistance to oxidation at,high,temperature.,高,硅铸铁具有很,强,的抗,高,温氧化能力。,(三个“high”中，前后两个译为“高”，中间那个译为“强”),(2) A,large,pressure and a,large,current are needed to get a,large,amount of water power.,为了获得,充足,的水力，需要,高,的水压和,强,的水流。,(三个“large”三种译法，没有一个译为“大”。),4联系上下文，活用词义,(1) The strength decreases,as,the temperature increases.,强度随温度的升高而降低。,(as引导时间状语从句，译为“随着”),(2) Small,as,atoms are, electrons are still smaller.,(as引导让步状语从句),原子虽小，但电子更小。,五、词义的引伸,1技术性引伸,技术性引伸的目的主要是使材料专业英语文献中涉及科学技术概念的词语的译名符合我国科学界和工程界的语言规范和习惯。,(1) The extent of decarburisation in a,white heart iron,depends on manganese to sulphur ratio as well as on section thickness.,白心可锻铸铁,脱碳的程度取决于锰硫比和断面厚度.,(2) When high pouring temperatures are used to ensure satisfactory,running,of thin sections of castings the primary austenite tends to form long coarse dendrites.,当使用高的浇注温度以确保铸件的薄断面得到良好的,充填,时, 初生奥氏体倾向于形成长而粗大的枝晶。,(3) Experience has shown that the application of mould coats are generally ineffective in eliminating,rat-tail,from the casting.,经验表明，应用铸型涂料对消除铸件上的,鼠尾缺陷,一般不起作用。,2修辞性引伸,修辞性引伸的目的完全是为了使译句的语言流畅，语句通顺。,(1) Wrought alloys possess good forgeability, it,gives way to pressure,.,锻造合金具有良好的可锻性，,在压力下会变形。,(2) Electric resistance furnaces,have,their electric energy transformed into heat.,电阻炉,将,电能转变为热能。,3、具体化引伸,在英语句子中采用含义比较笼统、抽象的词，而生硬译出会造成概念模糊或用词不当时，可采用比较具体的词进行翻译。,(1)The casting,takes,both the size and the shape of the mould,铸件的体积和形状随铸型而异。,(2) Alloys belong to a half-way,house,between mixtures and compounds.,合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间,结构,。,(3) This new annealing furnace is a,fuel-efficient,model.,这种新型退火炉是,节油型,退火炉。,六、词语的增译,1英语复数名词的增译,增译是为了使译文意义完整而明确，增译的根据是句法结构和修饰效果的需要。,复数名词前可增加适当的表示复数概念的词，如“一些、许多、批、各种”等词，使其复数意义更加明确。,(1) After a series of experiments,important phenomena,have been ascertained.,经一系列实验后，查明了,一些重要现象,。,2英语中表示动作意义名词的增译,在翻译英语文献时，常须根据上下文的意义来补充一些表示动作意义的名词，如“作用”、“现象”、“效应”、“方法”、“过程”，等等。,(1),Oxidation,will make iron and steel rusty,氧化作用,会使钢铁生锈。,3增译概括性的词,在句中列举几种情况后，即附以“三个方面”、“四个项目”等词，此即概括性词。专业英语文献中多无这类词语，为使译文符合汉语习惯，通常应增译这类概括性词。,(2) Ductile irons are manufactured by,melting，inoculation, spheroidization and pouring,球墨铸铁是经过熔化铁水、孕育处理、球化处理和浇注,等四道工序,制造出来。,4增译解说性的词,英语中常因惯用法或上下文关系而省去了不影响理解全句意思的词语但汉语译文必须增译这些省去的词语，否则会使译文文理不通。,(1) The more complex the casting, the more difficult the alloy and more difficult the applicable specifications, the greater the financial benefit.,铸件结构越复杂，合金越难熔炼；铸件使用的技术要求越高，,那么,经济效益就越大。,5增译语气连贯性的词,为使译文的上下文措词连贯，有时要增译语气连贯性的词，使前后语句加强联系。,(2) This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem.,这个问题实际上是属于工艺设计,方面,而非操作,方面,的问题。,七、词语和成分的减译,1冠词的减译,减词译法涉及的范围较广。,(1) The direct arc furnace is particularly suitable for the production of high alloy irons,将英语译成汉语时，除少数情况外，冠词一般都应减去不译。,直接电弧炉特别适用于生产高合金铸铁。(前后二个定冠词均减译),as a consequence 因此，从而,in a few words 简言之,on an average 平均说来,in the end 最后，终于,make the grade 达到标准，合乎要求,hit the mark 中标，达到目的,另外，用在固定词组和固定搭配中的冠词一般都应减译。,当不定冠词具有明显的数字概念或与单数可数名词连用，表示单位数量时，一般必须译出；而定冠词在起着特指某具体事物的作用时，通常也必须译出。,(2) Double ladling is an old method and used only to a limited extent.,双包法是一种古老的方法，它仅在一个有限的范围内使用。(二个不定冠词均不宜减译),2介词的减译,在英译汉时，介词除转译为汉语动词等词类外，减译的情况较多。,(1) The temperature of metal moulds should always be in excess of 200.,金属模的温度应经常保持在200以上。(in减译),另外，和动词搭配成短语动词的介词以及和形容词搭配成短语形容词的介词，一般均应减去不译。,(2) The structure of cast iron consists of metal matrix and graphites.,铸铁组织由金属基体和石墨组成。(of和动词to consist构成短语动词,减译),3连词的减译,在英译汉时，往往可以、有时甚至必须将英语中的某些连词减译。,(1) The use of mould coatings on the running system surfaces usually prevents erosion and should be considered essential,在浇注系统表面使用铸型涂料通常能防止浸蚀，这应该被认为是必不可少的(工艺措施)。(连词and减译),4代词的减译,人称代词的减译,(1) Most producers are fully aware of the various process routes, and indeed they have often been using the same system for many years.,大多数生产者十分注意各种工艺路线、而事实上他们多年来常常一直使用同一种工艺系统。(人称代词they减译),(2)Before,you,begin to work the instrument, first read the instruction carefully.,在开始使用本仪器前, 请首先仔细阅读说明书。,物主代词的减译,(1) The process of separating a metal from,its,ore is called smelting.,将金属从矿石中分离出来的过程叫冶炼。(减译物主代词its),其他代词的减译,(1) Like zinc, iron also converts,itself,into a vapor at high temperature.,像锌一样，铁在高温下也会变成蒸气。(反身代词itself减译),5动词的减译,(1) The following,provides,a brief review of applicable theory for pressure die casting.,下面简要评述一下适用于压力铸造的理论。(减译动词provides, 名词review转换成谓语),(2) In ductile iron trace element levels should,be,as low as possible.,球墨铸铁中微量元素的含量应尽可能低，(be减译),6引导词的减译,(1) If more thought were given to the consequences of injuries,there,would be less tendency to ignore safety precautions and thus，fewer accidents.,如果更多地考虑伤害的后果，忽视安全防范的倾向就会减小，从而减少事故。(there作引导词，减译),7根据修辞需要进行的减译,(1) The force of gravity acts vertically downwards and gives an object “weight or,heaviness,”.,重力垂直向下作用，使物体具有“重量”。(weight和gravity重复，减译),(2) The advantage of induction furnaces melting is that,it melts the metal,with minimum element loss.,感应炉熔炼的优点是元素损失很少。(表语从句中的“it melts the metal”减译）,八、词序的变动,(1) The pouring temperature must be below 1340,to minimize liquid shrinkage,.,为了将液态收缩减为最小，浇注温度必须低于1340。(将后置的目的状语前移),(2) Presented,in the paper,are new data,on this subject,.,论文中,提出了,关于这一课题的,新数据。(倒装结构，主谓语变序；作修饰用的介词短语前移),九、特殊句型的译法,1被动句型,1) 译成汉语的主动态；,2) 译为汉语的被动态，用“被、经过、受了”等词来体现被动；,3) 应用成分转化法将被动态谓语转为主语或定语；,4) 译为无主语或有主语句。,(1)Tensile strength is measured in MPa.,抗拉强度以MPa为单位度量。(译为主动态),(2) Metal aluminum itself had been known to man,金属铝为人类所熟知。(译为被动态),(3) The operational sequence is illustrated in Fig. 21.,图21阐明了操作顺序。(译为主动态),(4) 1420 is showed on the pyrometer.,高温计读数为1420。(状语转化成主语),(5) No steel can be melted without electric furnace.,没有电炉就不能炼钢。(译成无主语句),2否定句型,(1)全部否定,英语中常用具有否定意义的词构成全部否定句，如用：no，not，none，nothing，nowhere，neither，nor等否定语。翻译时译为否定词：“不、没有、都不、全不”等。,1) None of these castings have shrinkage defects,这些铸件都没有缩孔缺陷。,2) None of these three factors should be neglected.,这三个因素中一个也不应当忽视。,(2) 部分否定,英语中具有总括意义的一些代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，不构成全部否定，只是部分否定，这些词有：all, both, every, everybody, everything, complete, whole, always, many, much等部分否定一般译为：“不都、并非、并不都、不全是、不总是”等。,1) Not both of the instruments can serve the purpose.,这两种仪器并不都适合这个用途。,(3) 双重否定,nonot(no) 没有没有,withoutnot 没有就不,not until 直至之后才,never without 每逢总是,noother than 不是别的，正是,nottoo 越越好,not(none) the less 如不就不,英语中还有由no，not与表示否定意义的词连用，构成双重否定句。翻译时可译为肯定形式，也可保持双重否定形式。,1) Variations outside the ranges given are not unlikely,变化超出规定的范围并非不可能。,(4) 意义上的否定,英语中有些单词或词组，虽然在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的。常见词有动词、名词、形容词、介词、连词。常见的词组有：,but for 如果没有,free from 没有、免于,short of 缺少,in the dark 一点也不知道,far from 远非，一点也不,tooto(do) 过于以致于不,(2) The gating system of this casting is,far from,being complicated.,这个铸件的浇注系统一点也不复杂。,(1) this steel ingot is too large to be moved into the furnace,这块钢锭太大，不能送进炉内。,十、长句的译法,1顺序拆译法(顺译法),This method of compaction is accomplished by raising the moulding machine table to a given height by means of a pneumatically operated piston and then allowing the table, box and pattern plate with sand to fall under its own weight to its original position, this process is repeated in rapid cycles, the distance traveled by the moulding machine table is known as the stroke of the machine.,该紧实方法是这样完成的：借助气动活塞将造型机工作台提升到一个给定的高度，然后让工作台、砂箱和模板与型砂一起在其自重下降落到原来位置，这一过程以很快的周期重复，造型机工作台移动的距离称为机器的冲程,2逆序拆译法(倒译法),Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.,由于铝总是和其他元素最常见的是氧(因为铝和氧的亲和力很强)化合在一起，所以在自然界任何地方都找不到游离态的铝，因而直到l 9世纪铝才为人们所知道。,3变序拆译法(分译法),Forging processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large number of identical castings being produced.,锻造方法可分为单件生产和大批生产两类：单件生产是生产少量的锻件、大批生产则是生产大量相同的锻件。,4综合折译法(综合法),The final part of the paper highlights the areas for potential application of squeeze castings and emphasizes the need for information to facilitate design of suitable forming equipment for exploiting the potential of squeeze castings in a series of conditions as a means of producing various castings with enhanced property combinations.,文章的最后部分着重论述挤压铸造潜在的应用领域，并强调指出：为了开发挤压铸造在一系列条件下的潜力，需要获得有关的资料，以便设计合适的成形设备，作为生产各种具有优异综合性能铸件的工具。,Thanks for your attention!,