高一英语基础词法和句法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,词性，成分和句型,实词,： 可以单独作成分,1.,名词（,n,oun,） 可数名词,/C/ n.,不可数名词,/U/ n.,2.,代词（,pron,oun,）,行为动词 及物动词,不及物动词,系动词 完全系动词,3.,动词（,v,erb,）,半系动词,助动词,情态动词,feel,taste,looksmell, sound,2.,keep,stay, remain,3. become, get, turn, grow, go,等,4. seem, appear,词类,4.,形容词（,adj,ective,）,5.,副词（,adv,erb,）,6.,数词（,num,eral,） 基数词,序数词,虚词,：,冠词（,art,icle) ,a/an, the,2.,介词（,prep,osition,）,如：,on, at, in,等；,3.,连词（,conj,unction,）， 如：,and, but,等；,4.,感叹词（,inter,jection,），如：,Oh!Ah,!,等。,句子成分,主谓宾表,定状补,同位语,1.,I,like English and so does,Tom,.,Seeing,is believing.,To see,is to believe.,What he said,upset me.,主语,表示所说的对象是“谁”或者是“什么”,.,主语一般由,名词、代词,或相当于名词的词,如短语,doing, to do,或从句充当。,2.,Nobody,knows,him.,The rich,are not,always,happy,.,I,am getting off,at the next station.,Will,you,have to go,tomorrow?,I,wonder,if it,is,because I,havent been able to be,outdoors for so long that,Ive grown,so,crazy,about everything to do with nature.,谓语,位置一般在主语之后，说明主语的,动作,或,状态,。,谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当,。,3.,We love,our motherland.,He gave up,smoking,last year.,Do you understand,what I mean,?,You need,to think more,in your studies.,宾语,宾语是,及物动词,所表示的动作的,对象,，或,介词,所支配的,对象,。名词、代词（宾格）、数词或相当于名词的词、如,doing, to do,或其他短语或从句都可以作宾语。,4.,That,sounds,good,.,He,became,angry,.,My dream has,come,true,.,Seeing,is,believing,.,To see,is,to believe,.,This,is,where he lives.,表语,表语放在系动词,(be,等,),之后，用来说明,主语的特征、性质、身份或状态,等。名词、形容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句都可以用作表语。,5,You are,hard-working,students.,a,woman,driver , a,swimming,pool,a,seven-day,holiday , something,new,a man,named Chuck Noland,We should have someone,to care about,.,Who is the boy,in the hat?,Machines were made,which used this kind of power.,定语,主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类，如非谓语动,i,才或其他短语或从句充当。定语,用来,修饰名词或代词,.,6.,They are working,very,hard.,Surely, we will help you.,He was reading,yesterday afternoon.,Unless he studies hard,he wont make progress.,.,状语,主要由副词，或与之相当的其他词类，如非谓语动词或介词短语或从句充当。状语用来,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。,The bad news made us,upset,.,We call her,Jenny,.,They found him,out,.,Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.,7.,补语,补充说明主语或宾语。由形容词，名词，代词，数词等充当。,This is Miss Huang,our English teacher.,She,herself,said so.,Are you,two,ready?,These desks are made for,us students.,The news,that our team won the game,makes us happy.,8.,同位语,对前面名词或代词做进一步解释说明。由名词，数词，代词或从句充当。,英语句子,按交际功能分,按结构分类,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,简单句,并列句,复合句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,简单句的五种基本句型,主,+,系,+,表,2.,主,+,谓,3.,主,+,谓,+,宾,4.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,5.,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,4.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,（,1,）,n.,（,2,）,adj.,（,3,）,adv.,复合宾语（,4,）,prep. Phrase,（,5,）,to do (tell, ask, want, get,would like,，,wait for,等）,（,6,）,do (make, let, have, see,watch, notice, hear find, feel,等）,(7) doing (have, get, see, hear,等）,(8) done (make, have, get,see, hear, feel, find,等）,5.,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,双宾语,（,1,）（,give, pass, tell , teach , send, write,show, bring, offer,等）,He told us a funny story. = He told a funny,story _us.,(buy, get, fetch, build, choose, make, save,等）,Come to the cinema as early as possible. I,have saved you a seat. = I have saved a seat_,you.,to,for,lets practise,请,说出下列句子类型,1.Autumn is coming.,2.They wont let me go.,3.He showed me his new bike.,4.She knows what to do.,5.The weather is very cold.,6. Cant you get them to help you?,7. Do you think it possible for Chinese to become a world language?,英语句子,按交际功能分,按结构分类,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,简单句,并列句,复合句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,英语句子的种类,简单句,并列句,复合句,.,简单句,A.,只包含一个主谓结构,Mary,opened,the door.,B.,两个并列主语和一个谓语,Steve,and,his friend,are coming to dinner.,C.,一个主语和并列谓语,Mary,opened,the door and,greeted,the guests.,D.,两个并列主语和两个并列谓语,Mary and Steve went to the shop, bought,some fruit and visited their friend.,把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,.,并列句,lets practise,1.,I turned on the TV.,We watched it.,I turned on the TV,and,we,watched it.,2.,He made a promise. He didnt,keep it,He made a promise, but he didnt keep it.,常用并列连词,1.,（,1,）和，与,and,(2),但是,而是,but / yet/ and yet,然而，而，而且,while,(3),就在这个时候,when,(4),或者,还是,or,(5),否则,or / or else / otherwise,(6),因为,for,(7),因此，所以,so,(8) bothand; neither nor,not only but also ;,eitheror,Not only is he interested in football but also his parents are beginning to show interest in it.,Either you leave the room or I call the police.,用合适的词填空：,He is a hard- working student, _we neednt make him study.,2. The day breaks, _the birds are singing.,3. When mother came back, she found I was watching TV _ my younger sister was doing cleaning.,4. One day Chuck Noland was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean _his plane crashed.,5. Study hard _you will fail to pass the exam.,so,for,while,when,or,1. He has two children. They are students.,2. He has two children ; they are students.,3. He has two children and they are students.,4. Because he studies very hard, he does well in his class.,5.,He has two children who are students.,由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句,主句是一个完整的句子,(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。,从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须由,连接词,和一个主句连用，不能独立存在,.,.,复合句（,Compound Sentence),I wonder if you could,give me a hand.,请,指出该复合句的主句和从句部分,。,从句,主句,Anne wished she could tell people everything that she had gone through in the concentration camp,（集中营）,.,复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以有,n,个,. ( n 1 ),She said,that she was unhappy,and,that she would tell my manager about this.,1.,名词性从句,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：,1,）主语从句,2,）,宾语从句,3,）表语从句,4,）同位语从句,2.,状语从句,3.,定语从句,lets practise,指出下列各从句的类型：,I hope,that everything is all right.,She was reading the newspaper,when I came in,.,She is the girl,who sings best of all.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,Ill give the letter to him when I see him.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.,指出下列各从句中的从属连词,He has found out .She was late.,(why),请用,括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句,I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.,(when),I still remember the day,when,I first came to Beijing.,He has found out,why,she was late.,1. My roommate was sleeping,we didnt want to wake her,up.,请用所学知识改正下列病句,改正：,My roommate was sleeping .,We didnt want to wake her up.,My roommate was sleeping, so,we didnt want to wake her up.,2.,I went to bed Because I was tired.,改正：,I went to bed because I was tired.,1.Ill give the letter to him .I see him.,(,时间,),2.He didnt come yesterday .He was ill.,(,原因,),3.It is such a big box .Nobody can move it.,(,结果,),4.Well go to the great wall .Its fine tomorrow.,(,条件,),5.We should not go there all the time.,The place is quite pleasant.,(,让步,),请把每组句子连接为一个含有,状语从句,复合句。,Thats all for the class！,Thank you!,1. With autumn _, the weather becomes colder and colder.,2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,3. The thief was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.,A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,4. With two children _ middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard.,A. to attend B. attending C. attended D. having attended,come,coming,1.With his hair _, he looks younger.,2. With a lot of clothes _, I cant go out to play.,washed B. to wash C. washing D. wash,3. _ my bike stolen, I had to walk to work.,4. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As,5. _production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.,A. As B. For C. With D. Through,With,cut,