资源描述
Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,第5章,林,林分蓄积,量,量测定,内容提要,标准木法,材积表法,标准表法,及,及平均实,验,验形数法,目测法,概述,林分中全,部,部林木的,材,材积称作,林,林分蓄积,量,量(StandVolume),,简,简称蓄积(记作M)。,林,分,分,蓄,蓄,积,积,量,量,的,的,测,测,定,定,方,方,法,法,很,很,多,多,,,,,可,可,概,概,括,括,为,为,实,实,测,测,法,法,和,和,目,目,测,测,法,法,两,两,大,大,类,类,。,。,目,目,测,测,法,法,是,是,以,以,实,实,测,测,法,法,为,为,基,基,础,础,的,的,经,经,验,验,方,方,法,法,。,。,实,实,测,测,法,法,又,又,可,可,分,分,为,为,全,全,林,林,实,实,测,测,和,和,局,局,部,部,实,实,测,测,。,。,全,全,林,林,实,实,测,测,法,法,因,因,工,工,作,作,量,量,大,大,,,,,常,常,常,常,受,受,人,人,力,力,、,、,物,物,力,力,等,等,条,条,件,件,的,的,限,限,制,制,,,,,仅,仅,在,在,林,林,分,分,面,面,积,积,小,小,的,的,伐,伐,区,区,调,调,查,查,和,和,科,科,研,研,验,验,证,证,等,等,特,特,殊,殊,需,需,要,要,的,的,情,情,况,况,下,下,采,采,用,用,。,。,最,最,常,常,用,用,的,的,还,还,是,是,局,局,部,部,实,实,测,测,法,法,。,。,第,一,一,节,节,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,标,准,准,木,木,林,分,分,或,或,标,标,准,准,地,地,中,中,,,,,具,具,有,有,平,平,均,均,材,材,积,积,大,大,小,小,的,的,树,树,木,木,。,。,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,采,用,用,典,典,型,型,取,取,样,样,的,的,方,方,法,法,,,,,按,按,一,一,定,定,要,要,求,求,选,选,取,取,标,标,准,准,木,木,,,,,伐,伐,倒,倒,区,区,分,分,求,求,积,积,,,,,用,用,标,标,准,准,木,木,材,材,积,积,推,推,算,算,林,林,分,分,蓄,蓄,积,积,量,量,的,的,方,方,法,法,。,。,这,种,种,方,方,法,法,在,在,没,没,有,有,适,适,用,用,的,的,调,调,查,查,数,数,表,表,或,或,数,数,表,表,不,不,能,能,满,满,足,足,精,精,度,度,要,要,求,求,的,的,条,条,件,件,下,下,,,,,是,是,一,一,种,种,简,简,便,便,易,易,行,行,的,的,测,测,定,定,林,林,分,分,蓄,蓄,积,积,量,量,的,的,方,方,法,法,。,。,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,可,可,分,分,为,为,平,平,均,均,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,和,和,分,分,级,级,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,。,。,一,、,、,平,平,均,均,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法(Huber,,,,1825),(1),设,设,置,置,标,标,准,准,地,地,,,,,并,并,进,进,行,行,标,标,准,准,地,地,调,调,查,查,。,。,根,根,据,据,标,标,准,准,地,地,每,每,木,木,检,检,尺,尺,结,结,果,果,,,,,计,计,算,算,出,出,林,林,分,分,平,平,均,均,直,直,径,径(Dg),;,;,(2),测,测,树,树,高,高,(,(15,30,株,株,),),,,,,用,用,数,数,式,式,法,法,或,或,图,图,解,解,法,法,建,建,立,立,树,树,高,高,曲,曲,线,线,,,,,并,并,求,求,出,出,林,林,分,分,平,平,均,均,高,高(H,D,),。,。,(3),在,在,林,林,分,分,内,内,按,按Dg(1,5,),和,和H,D,(1,5,),且,且,干,干,形,形,中,中,等,等,标,标,准,准,,,,,选,选1,3,株,株,标,标,准,准,木,木,,,,,伐,伐,倒,倒,并,并,用,用,区,区,分,分,求,求,积,积,法,法,测,测,算,算,其,其,材,材,积,积,。,。,(4),计,计,算,算,标,标,准,准,地,地,的,的,蓄,蓄,积,积,量,量,,,,,并,并,按,按,标,标,准,准,地,地,面,面,积,积,换,换,算,算,成,成,单,单,位,位,面,面,积,积,蓄,蓄,积,积(m,3,/hm,2,),。,。,实,实,例,例,见,见p129,表,表5-1.,二,、,、,分,分,级,级,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,为,提,提,高,高,蓄,蓄,积,积,测,测,算,算,精,精,度,度,,,,,可,可,采,采,用,用,各,各,种,种,分,分,级,级,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,。,。,先,先,将,将,标,标,准,准,地,地,全,全,部,部,林,林,木,木,分,分,为,为,若,若,干,干,个,个,径,径,级,级(,每,每,个,个,径,径,级,级,包,包,括,括,几,几,个,个,径,径,阶,阶),,,,,在,在,各,各,级,级,中,中,按,按,平,平,均,均,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,测,测,算,算,蓄,蓄,积,积,,,,,而,而,后,后,叠,叠,加,加,得,得,总,总,蓄,蓄,积,积,:,:,式,中,中,:,:n,i,第,第i,级,级,中,中,标,标,准,准,木,木,株,株,数,数,;,;,k,分,分,级,级,级,级,数,数,(,(i,1,,,,2,,,,k),;,;,G,i,第,第i,级,级,的,的,断,断,面,面,积,积,;,;,V,ij,G,ij,第,第i,级,级,中,中,第,第j,株,株,标,标,准,准,木,木,的,的,材,材,积,积,及,及,断,断,面,面,积,积,。,。,(,一,一),等,等,株,株,径,径,级,级,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,由,乌,乌,里,里,希,希(UrichV,,,,1881),首,首,先,先,提,提,出,出,。,。,该,法,法,是,是,将,将,每,每,木,木,检,检,尺,尺,结,结,果,果,依,依,径,径,阶,阶,顺,顺,序,序,,,,,将,将,林,林,木,木,分,分,为,为,株,株,数,数,基,基,本,本,相,相,等,等,的,的3,5,个,个,径,径,级,级,,,,,分,分,别,别,径,径,级,级,选,选,标,标,准,准,木,木,测,测,算,算,各,各,径,径,级,级,材,材,积,积,,,,,各,各,径,径,级,级,材,材,积,积,叠,叠,加,加,得,得,标,标,准,准,地,地,蓄,蓄,积,积,。,。,具,体,体,测,测,算,算,方,方,法,法,见,见p125,表,表5,2,。,。,(,二,二),等,等,断,断,面,面,积,积,径,径,级,级,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,哈,尔,尔,蒂,蒂,希,希(HartigR,,,,1868),首,首,先,先,提,提,出,出,依,径,径,阶,阶,顺,顺,序,序,,,,,将,将,林,林,木,木,分,分,为,为,断,断,面,面,积,积,基,基,本,本,相,相,等,等,的,的3,5,个,个,径,径,级,级,,,,,分,分,别,别,径,径,级,级,选,选,标,标,准,准,木,木,计,计,算,算,该,该,径,径,级,级,的,的,材,材,积,积,积,积,,,,,将,将,各,各,径,径,级,级,材,材,积,积,合,合,计,计,得,得,林,林,分,分,蓄,蓄,积,积,。,。,具,体,体,测,测,算,算,方,方,法,法,见,见p131,表,表5,3,(,三,三),径,径,阶,阶,等,等,比,比,标,标,准,准,木,木,法,法,德,劳,劳,特,特(Draudt,,,,1860),提,提,出,出,。,。,分,别,别,径,径,阶,阶,按,按,一,一,定,定,株,株,数,数,比,比,例,例(,一,一,般,般,取,取10,),选,选,测,测,标,标,准,准,木,木,,,,,根,根,据,据,每,每,木,木,检,检,尺,尺,结,结,果,果,,,,,按,按,比,比,例,例,确,确,定,定,每,每,个,个,径,径,阶,阶,应,应,选,选,的,的,标,标,准,准,木,木,株,株,数,数(,两,两,端,端,径,径,阶,阶,株,株,数,数,较,较,少,少,,,,,可,可,合,合,并,并,到,到,相,相,邻,邻,径,径,阶,阶),;,;,然,然,后,后,根,根,据,据,各,各,径,径,阶,阶,平,平,均,均,标,标,准,准,木,木,的,的,材,材,积,积,推,推,算,算,该,该,径,径,阶,阶,材,材,积,积,,,,,最,最,后,后,各,各,径,径,阶,阶,材,材,积,积,相,相,加,加,得,得,标,标,准,准,地,地,总,总,蓄,蓄,积,积,。,。,若,根,根,据,据,各,各,径,径,阶,阶,标,标,准,准,木,木,材,材,积,积,与,与,胸,胸,径,径,或,或,断,断,面,面,积,积,相,相,关,关,关,关,系,系,,,,,绘,绘,材,材,积,积,曲,曲,线,线,或,或,材,材,积,积,直,直,线,线,,,,,则,则,可,可,按,按,径,径,阶,阶,查,查,出,出,各,各,径,径,阶,阶,单,单,株,株,平,平,均,均,材,材,积,积,。,。,可,可,下,下,式,式,计,计,算,算,林,林,分,分,或,或,标,标,准,准,地,地,蓄,蓄,积,积,:,:,第,二,二,节,节,立,立,木,木,材,材,积,积,表,表,法,法,在,森,森,林,林,调,调,查,查,中,中,,,,,为,为,了,了,提,提,高,高,工,工,作,作,效,效,率,率,,,,,一,一,般,般,常,常,采,采,用,用,预,预,先,先,编,编,制,制,好,好,的,的,立,立,木,木,材,材,积,积,表,表,确,确,定,定,森,森,林,林,蓄,蓄,积,积,量,量,,,,,这,这,种,种,方,方,法,法,称,称,为,为,材,材,积,积,表,表,法,法,。,。,材,积,积,表,表,(,(,立,立,木,木,材,材,积,积,表,表,),),按,树,树,干,干,材,材,积,积,与,与,其,其,三,三,要,要,素,素,之,之,间,间,的,的,函,函,数,数,关,关,系,系,编,编,制,制,,,,,载,载,有,有,各,各,种,种,大,大,小,小,树,树,干,干,单,单,株,株,平,平,均,均,材,材,积,积,的,的,数,数,表,表,。,。,根据胸,径,径一个,因,因子与,材,材积的,函,函数关,系,系编的,表,表称为,一,一元材,积,积表。,根,根据胸,径,径、树,高,高两个,因,因子与,材,材积的,函,函数关,系,系编制,的,的表称,为,为二元,材,材积表,。,。,在林业,生,生产中,,,,最为,常,常用的,材,材积表,是,是一元,材,材积表,。,。,一、一,元,元材积,表,表,根据胸,径,径一个,因,因子与,材,材积的,函,函数关,系,系编制,的,的材积,数,数表称,为,为一元,材,材积表,。,。,一元材,积,积表未,考,考虑树,高,高和干,形,形对材,积,积得影,响,响。即,胸,胸径相,同,同的立,木,木,其,材,材积则,不,不同。,所,所以,一元材,积,积表适,用,用于相,同,同立地,条,条件下,得,得一定,局,局部地,区,区,使,用,用范围,较,较小,,故,故一元,材,材积表,又,又称作,地,地方材,积,积表。,它不能,用,用于查,单,单株树,木,木的材,积,积,只,适,适于计,算,算林分,蓄,蓄积。,一元材,积,积表只,需,需测定,胸,胸径一,个,个因子,,,,利用,比,比较方,便,便,我,国,国林业,生,生产中,广,广泛应,用,用,1,直,直接,编,编制,一,一元,材,材积
展开阅读全文