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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,4/25/2010,#,祈使句,2,一、祈使句的分类,*,祈使句表请求、命令、,叮嘱、邀请、劝告等,。,#祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、,三人称祈使句两大类,。,3,1第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令,提,出要求或建议。,这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来,而是以动,词原形开头。如:,Stand,up!,Don,t,worry,about!,4,但如果说话时有多人在场,就得把,主语表示出来,或加呼语,以便指,明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如:,Parents,with,children,go,the,front!,带孩子的家长到前面去,!,Mary,clean,the,windows,,,and,you,boys,wash,the,floor!,玛丽擦,窗户,你们男孩子洗地板,!,Come,in,,,everybody!,每个人都进,来,!,5,有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表,示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情,绪。如:,Don,t,you,be,late,again!,你可别再迟到,了,!,You,get,out,of,here!,你给我滚出去,!,Mind,your,own,business,,,you!,你少管闲,事,!,6,2,第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第,三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象,,这类祈使句通常以,let,为引导词表建议。如,Let,s,go!,Let,us,go,home!,Let,him,be,here,by,10,o,clock,7,祈使句除用谓语动词表示外,还可用名词,、副词、动词短语等表示。如:,Help!,Patience!,Quickly!,Hands,up!,8,二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式,祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do,。如:,Do,be,careful!,Do,Stop,talking!,Do,give,my,regards,to,your,parents!,务必一定代我向你父母问好!,9,祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加,don,t,或,never,。如:,Don,t,you,be,nervous!,你不要紧张,!,以,let,为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在,Let,s,或,Let,us,me,后加,not,。如:,Let,s,not,waste,our,time,arguing,about,it!,咱们别浪费时间争论这事了,!,Let,s,not,say,anything,about,it!,这事咱们谁,也别说,!,但英式英语也用这样的表达:,Don,t,let,s,say,anything,about,it.,10,三、祈使句的反意疑问句,1,祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式,要,用,shall,,,will,。如:,Pass,me,the,book,,,will,you?,11,2,Let,s,表示第一人称的祈使句,反,意疑问句为“,Shall,we?,”。如:,Let,s,go,for,a,walk,,,shall,we?,Let,s,forget,it,,,shall,we?,12,3,Let,me,和,Let,us,表示第二人称的,祈使句(活动内容不包括听话人),,反意疑问句为“,will,you?,”。如:,Let,us,go,out,to,play,,,will,you?,放我们出去玩,好吗?,13,4其它行为动词引起的祈使句,无论其陈述部分,是否定还是肯定的祈使句,多用“will,you?”,,表一种客气的语气。如:,Listen,to,me,,,will,you?,Don,t,tell,anyone,about,it,,,will,you?,但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“wont,you?”,表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如:,Have,a,cup,of,coffee,,,won,t,you?,Come,in,and,take,a,seat,,,won,t,you,will,you?,14,四、祈使句用于两个重要句型中,1“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述,肯定的条件。,2“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来,叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则;要不然,”。试比较:,Hurry,up,and,youll,catch,the,train.,(If,you,hurry,up,youll,catch,the,train),Hurry,up,or,youll,miss,the,train(If,you,dont,hurry,up,youll,miss,the,train),15,五、祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语,当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时,其常用结,构为“askrequesttellorder,sb(not)to,do,sth”。如:,“Speak,loudly,please!”,the,teacher,said,to,me(The,teacher,asked,me,to,speak,loudly),“Dont,smoke,in,the,meeting,room!”,he,said,to,Tom(He,told,Tom,not,to,smoke,in,the,meeting,room),
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