(精品)法语chapter 5- Hawthorne & Melville

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Nathaniel Hawthorne,(18041864),I.Introduction to the writer,1.1.Life experienceBorn to a family with a long Puritan tradition in Salem,Massachusetts.,His ancestors-the Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692-a dark shadow on his heart,When he was 4,his father,a sea captain,died.,He graduated form Bowdoin College in 1824 in the same class with Longfellow and Franklin Pierce(the 14,th,U.S President),.,After graduation,he returned to Salem to live in his mothers house and to pursue his literary career.,His life experience had great influence on his character,as well as on his writing career.,a).Twice-Told Tales1837,“The Ministers Black Veil”,b).Mosses from an Old Manse1843,“Young Goodman Brown”,“Dr.,Rappaccinis,Daughter”,“The Birthmark”,c).,The Scarlet Letter1850,Collections of short stories,故事重述,古宅青苔,红字,Major Works,The House of the Seven Gables 1851,The Blithedale Romance 1852,The Marble Faun 1860,七个尖角阁的房子,福谷传奇,大理石雕像,Major Works,View and subject,1,a black vision of life and human beings,2,sin will get punished and sin educates,3,One source of evil is overreaching intellect.,View and subject,4,“the poverty of materials”in Am.,5,romance was the predestined form of Am.narratives,6,His art is cumulative,Themes,of Hawthornes writing,1.Explore the relationship between the past and the present,2.Explore the hidden motivations of his characters.,3.Examine the effect of hidden sin and secret guilt,4.Moral or immoral,right or wrong is the question Hawthorne always talks about in his works.,Style,1.His style was soft,flowing and almost feminine.,2.Language:smooth,clear,beautiful in sound and meaning,3.,He also frequently uses symbols and settings to reveal the psychology of the characters.,Features of his works,setting,themes,Idea,Feature,technique,Puritan New England,Evil&sin,“black vision”toward human beings,Ambiguity,symbolism,III.Comment on the writer,3.1.the great romantic novelist in the nineteenth century,3.2.the pioneer of psychological analyst in the history of American literature.,II.Appreciation of,“,Young Goodman Brown,”,Analysis of the theme,:,Everyone possesses some evil secret.,Analysis of the writing style,1.Ambiguity:,Whether the events of the night are actual or dreamlike,Whether Brown is lost to the devil or saved by Faith,2.Contrast,Day and night,Good and Evil,The red of fire and blood and the black of night and forest,3.Symbolism,What is a symbol?Try to find out some symbols in this short story.,A symbol is something used to represent or suggest other,thing(s,),idea(s,)or,concept(s,).,day and the town,:human convention and society,night and forest,:symbols of doubt and wandering,red:,Sin or Evil,black:,doubt of the reality of either Evil or Good that tortures Brown,4.Allegory,What is a literary allegory?,A literary mode involving extended narratives that produce secondary meanings regarding the story that exists on the surface,or a literary form of indirect representation.Characters in allegorical works frequently serve as metaphors for abstract ideas.,The story is often read as a conventional allegory in the sense that,Young Goodman,is everyman,and his,journey,to the dark forest and his encounter with the devil are symbolic of mans life journey from innocence to knowledge,from good to evil.,Faith,if taken as an allegorical figure,is the incarnation of Christian belief.,Hawthorne as a Literary Artist,First professional writer-college educated,familiar with the great European writers,and influenced by puritan writers like Cotton Mather,.,Hawthorne displayed a love for allegory and symbol.He dealt with tensions involving:light versus dark;warmth versus cold;faith versus doubt;heart versus mind;internal versus external worlds.,His writing is representative of 19th century,and,thus,in the mainstream due to his use of nature,its primitiveness,and as a source of inspiration;also in his use of the exotic,the gothic,and the antiquarian.,Appreciation of,The Scarlet Letter,1.Main Character,Hester Prynne,Roger,Chillingworth,Arthur,Dimmesdale,2.Main Idea,3.Character Analysis,Hester:brave,strong-minded,warm-hearted,intelligent,sacrificing,decisive,Dimmesdale,:timid,selfish,irresponsible,cowardly,weak-minded,Chillingworth,:cold-blooded,dehumanized,Theme,of,The Scarlet Letter,To escape the bondage of religion either on peoples spirit or on peoples natural desire,4.Abundant use of symbols,A-adultery angel-able,Prisonthe place that deprived people of spiritual freedom,the scaffold-is not only a symbol of the stern Puritan code for Hester accepted the punishment,but also becomes a symbol for the open acknowledgment of personal sin.It is the place to which,Dimmesdale,knows he must go for atonement,the only place where he can escape the grasp of,Chillingworth,or of the devil.,Forest-the nature,Rose near the prisonHester and her love,Cap,sth,controlling ones beauty,Herman Melville(1819-1891),Life experience,Literary Career,Theme and Style,Moby Dick,everlasting nay,1 happy childhood to