直接引语和间接引语

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,直接引语和间接引语,Qinshan Middle School,Liu Yuping,1,在交流中，我们经常会遇到需要引用或转述别人的话的时候，这种引用或转述别人的话称之为引语。引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是原封不动地引述别人的话，并将它放在引号内，称为,直接引语(,Direct Speech),；,2,另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为,间接引语(,Indirect Speech),。,直接引语和间接引语都是复合句中的宾语从句。,当把直接引语变为间接引语时，原来直接引语中的人称、时态、状语及主谓语序都要作相应改变。,3,例如：,“I am a boy.said he.,He said that he was a boy.,4,直接引语变间接引语究竟需要哪,些变化呢？,一、标点符号的变化,“I am a teacher.said he.,Direct speech,He said that he was a teacher.,Indirect speech,该句中直接引语变间接引语后显,然去掉了引号，句尾用英语句号。,5,二、连接词的变化,“I am an old man.said he.,He said,(that),he was an old,man.,句子中直接引语变间接引语时假设,直接引语为陈述句，连接词用,that，且可以省略,6,“Are you happy？asked he.,He asked,if/whether,I was happy.,假设直接引语为一般疑问句，连接词用if/whether，且不可以省略,7,“Where are you from？askedshe.,She asked,where,I was from.,假设直接引语为特殊疑问句，连接词用“W或“H“where/when/who/,which/what/why或“how，,且不可以省略,注意,:,直接引语变间接引语后,必须是,陈述句语序,。,8,三、人称的变化,在前面的句子中我们会发现,明显的人称变化，其原那么就,是使改写后的句子有实际意义。,9,四、时态的变化,在前面句子中变间接引语后其直接引语局部的时态分别作了降格处理，即往前推一个时态。但注意直接引语局部为客观事实、真理、格言等时，时态不变。,“A friend in need is a friend,indeed。mother said to me.,Mother said tomethatafriendin need,is,a friend indeed.,10,如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。时态变化的一般规那么如下表：,11,直接引语,间接引语,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去完成时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,12,Mr.Smith said,“I am very frightened.,史密斯先生说：“我很害怕。,Mr.Smith,said,that,he,was,very frightened.,史密斯先生说他很害怕。,13,She said,“I read the book yesterday.,她说：“我昨天看了这部小说。,She said,that,she,had read,the book,the day before,.,她说她前一天看了那部小说。,14,“When did you see her,John?Jack asked.,“约翰，你何时见到她的？杰克问。,直接引语,杰克问约翰何时见到她的。间接引语,Jack asked John when,he had seen,her.,15,She said,“I havent seen him since April.,她说：“我从四月份就没看到过他。,She said that she,hadnt seen,him since April.,她说她从四月份就没看到过他。,16,Tom said,“I had finished my homework before supper.,汤姆说：“我在晚饭前就已做完了家庭作业。,Tom said that he,had finished,his,homework before supper.,汤姆说他在晚饭前就已做完了家庭作业。,17,Mary said,“I will post the letter on my way to school.,玛丽说：“我会在去学校的路上寄出这封信。,直接引语,玛丽说她会在去学校的路上寄出那封信.,间接引语,Mary said t,hat,she would,post,the,letter on,her,way to school.,18,主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，,直接引语变间接引语时时态通常,不变。如：,“Mike is from America,says Tom.,Tom,says,that Mike,is,from America.,19,六、时间状语、地点状语的变化,“I saw her here yesterday.said he.,He told me that he had seen,her,there,the day before,.,在该句中时间状语,yesterday,变为,the day before,地点状语,here,变为,there,20,其他变化请参照表格,:,直接引语,间接引语,Now then,here there,this that,These those,ago before,today that day,tomorrow the next day,last night the night before,Come go,21,如果直接引语表示客观真理，在变为间接引语时，时态不变。,The teacher told us,“The earth moves round the sun.,老师告诉我们：“地球绕着太阳转。,The teacher told us that the earth,moves,round the sun.,老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。,22,五、动词的变化“I broke your CD player。said he。-He told(that)he had broken my CD player。“Come here，please。said he。-He told/ordered me to go there。变间接引语时，主句的动词要根据句意选用，表示命令、,劝告时用tell，order，advise；表示要求时常用ask，beg，,原祈使句变为不定式短语作宾语补足语，原祈使句变否认时，,不定式前加not/never 例如:“Dont be late!said he.-He told/begged/ordered me not/never to be late,23,转述祈使句时的变化：如果直接引语是表示请求的口气，那么间接引语用 ask sb.to do sth.如果直接引语是表示命令的口气，那么间接引语用 tell/order sb.to do sth.否认式是not to do sth.注意人称，时态做相应变化。例：“Do not eat cold food ,the doctor said.The doctor told the patient not to eat cold food.“Do some shopping for me,please.,he said to her.He asked her to do some shopping for him.“You must do everything as I do,the professor said.The professor ordered his students to do everything as he did.,24,直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为,“tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)to do sth.句型。,如：Dont make any noise,she said to the children.,She told(ordered)the children not to make any noise.,Bring me a cup of tea,please,said she.,She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.,直接引语如果是以“Lets开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，,通常用“suggest+动句词或从句。如：,He said,Lets go to the film.He suggested going to the film.,或He suggested that they should go to see the film.,25,请将以下句子进行直接引语和间接引语的互换。1.He said to her,“Go away!,He ordered her to go away.,2.,Mother said to me,Come back before 10：00.,Mother told me to come back before 10:00.,3.,She asked us to sit down.,She said to as,“please sit down.,26,