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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,Unit Seven,Beauty,Words and Expressions:,1.Lamely:weakly,unsatisfactorily,2.Paradoxical:seemingly self-contradictory;puzzling,3.seductive:attractive;charming,4.Pedagogical:teaching,5.Wary:careful;heedful,6.on the defensive:prepared for disapproval or attack,.,7.Demeaning overtones:implication of,humiliation,8.Vestiges:traces that have once existed but exist no more,9.To the detriment of:to the harm of,10.Throes:a condition of agonizing struggle or effort;upheaval,11.Narcissism:excessive admiration of oneself,12.Obligation:duty;social requirement,that compels one to follow a certain course of action,.,13.Fretful:irritable;complaining,14.Pass muster:be accepted as satisfactory,15.Depreciation:a disparaging or a belittling act or instance,16.Censure:an expression of blame or disapproval,17.Preen:adorn or trim(oneself)carefully,18.Interminable:endless,.,II.Roman Catholicism and,Protestantism,Roman Catholic Church,is Christian church headed may be simply defined as Christians in communion with the Pope.,Roman Catholicism holds that the Pope and the Bishops have in varying degrees the spiritual authority Christ assigned to his apostles.The voice of the Pope is regarded as infallible when speaking on matters of faith and morals.,.,Protestantism,is a special development within Christianity.It is distinct from Roman Catholicism in that,it breaks from,papal obedience,.Protestantism is widely practiced in most,northwestern European countries except southern Germany,Ireland,France,and Belgium,.,.,III.,Pagan,A,pagan,is one of a people or community professing a polytheistic religion,I.e.,a religion,based on the belief in more than,one god,.Ancient Romans and Greeks were pagans.,A pagan is different from a Roman Catholic and Protestant in that the latter believe in only one god.,.,IV.Appreciating of the text,How does the notion of beauty held by the ancient Greeks basically differ from the modern one?(paras.1-2),For the ancient Greeks beauty embraces both inside and outside excellence,a combination of a persons virtue and good looks.In present-day English beauty refers exclusively to the good looks of a female.,.,2.In what sense is the word“beauty”used in the sentence“we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty”(para.2)And how do you interpret the sentence?,In the overall sense of the word,i.e.,overall excellence.We are more aware(than the ancient Greeks)of the aspects“beauty”has,which we think distinguishable and should be distinguished.,.,3.,Paraphrase:,1)One of Socrates main pedagogical acts was to be ugly and teach those innocent,no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was.(ll.7-9,para.1),-The contrast between Socrates outward ugliness and his inner strengths served to draw the attention of his naive and handsome followers to the fact that there were many such strange contrasts in the world.,.,2)We not only split offwith the greatest facility the“inside”(character,intellect)from the“outside”(looks);but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent,talented,good.(ll.11-14,para.2),-We tend to resist the idea that inside,beauty(character,intellect)can coexist,with outside beauty(looks)in one single person,and are taken aback to meet one who is beautiful both inside and outside.,.,4.What does Sontag mean by“And beauty has continued to lose prestige”?(para.3),-It by the Pope,the bishop of Rome.Roman Catholics down from overall excellence to superficial enchantment.And it further lost prestige when the superficial enchantment it referred to became associated with the fair sex only.,5.,Paraphrase,:Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive,morally.,.,-Beauty,when considered in relation to a female,involves a judgment of not only looks but also character and intellect,making itself a much more controversial issue.,6.Why does Sontag think that regarding women as the beautiful sex is detriment to both the notion of beauty and that of women?(para.4),It depreciates the notion of beauty itself,and implies a sexually unfair judgment of women.,.,7.,Paraphrase,:It does not take someone in the throes of advanced feminist awareness to perceive that(,para5,),-One does not have to be a feminist who is painfully aware of the many social biases women have to put up with to perceive that.,In other words,virtually anyone can perceive that(the author just tried to show the obviousness of the phenomenon),.,8.What does Sontag refer to by“stereotypes”in the last sentence of para.5?And what have they to do with the“mixed reputation”beauty enjoys?,-Fixed notions of the two sexes;what people generally think a man or a woman should be like.,-The association of beauty with nice looks but dependence and inability,and disassociation with intellect and success give it a mixed reputation.,.,9.Can you think of any concrete example of what Sontag calls“a flattering idealization of their sex”?(,para.6,)What effe
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