部编七下历史第16课-明朝的科技、建筑与文学课件

第,16,课 明朝的科技、建筑与文学,第16课 明朝的科技、建筑与文学,一、科技名著,（,1,）明朝社会生产力的发展，商品经济的繁荣，促进了科学技术的发展。,（,2,）一些科学家积极投入科学技术的研究、实验和总结，写出一批优秀的科技巨著。,1.,明朝科技发展的原因,一、科技名著 （1）明朝社会生产力的发展，商品经济的繁,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,明代杰出的医药学家。他在行医的同时，到各地进行实地调查，向人们请教。广泛采集药物标本，掌握了大量的第一手资料。经过,27,年持续不断的努力，编写出,本草纲目,。,2.,李时珍与,本草纲目,李时珍像,（,1,）李时珍,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,内容：,本草纲目,全书约,190,万字，共记载了药物,1800,多种，收录药方,11000,多个，还附有,1100,多幅药物形态图。书中对药物进行新的分类，详细介绍了它们的产地、形色、气味及其主要疗效。,地位：,总结了我国古代药物学成就，丰富了我国医药学宝库，在世界医药史上占有重要地位。,（,2,）,本草纲目,内容：本草纲目全书约190万字，共记载了药物1800多种,他自幼勤奋好学，知识面十分宽广。公务闲暇时就专心研究科学技术，整理各地的农业和手工业生产技术和经验。他经过长期的积累和不懈的探究，编写了,天工开物,一书。,3.,宋应星与,天工开物,宋应星像,（,1,）宋应星,他自幼勤奋好学，知识面十分宽广。公务闲暇时就专心研究,内容：,天工开物,把各生产部门分为,18,类，几乎涵盖了当时中国农业和手工业的所有生产、加工部门。作者在书中还绘有,120,多幅直观生动的插图，描绘了生产过程和各行业劳动人民的形象。,地位：,对我国古代的农业和手工业生产技术进行了全面的总结，记述了中国在当时世界上具有先进水平的科学技术，被誉为“中国,17,世纪的工艺百科全书”。,（,2,）,天工开物,内容：天工开物把各生产部门分为18类，几乎涵盖了当时中国,明代科学家。他为中西科技文化交流作出了重要贡献，著有,农政全书,。,4.,徐光启与,农政全书,徐光启像,（,1,）徐光启,明代科学家。他为中西科技文化交流作出了重要贡献，著有,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,内容：,全书,60,卷，约,70,万字，分为农本、田制、农事、水利、农器、树艺、蚕桑、种植、牧养、制造、荒政等大类。,地位：,全面总结了我国古代农业生产的先进经验、技术革新和作者关于农学的创新研究成果，是明代末年一部重要的农业科学巨著。,（,2,）,农政全书,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,二、明长城和北京城,为了防御北方蒙古贵族南扰,1.,明长城,（,1,）修筑长城的目的,明朝先后,18,次修筑长城，形成了,东起鸭绿江边,、,西至嘉峪关,，总长万余里的明长城。,（,2,）明长城范围,二、明长城和北京城为了防御北方蒙古贵族南扰1.明长城（1）修,明长城示意图,明长城示意图,明代长城以城墙为主体，由关隘、城台、烽火台等组成，沿线设立卫所，驻守军队，开展屯田，进行生产，并修建了相连的道路，形成一个,完整的军事防御体系,。明长城多用砖石砌成，十分坚固。,（,3,）明长城的修筑,明代长城以城墙为主体，由关隘、城台、烽火台等组成，沿,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,在长城修筑史上，明代修筑长城的,规模最大,，,历时最久,，,布局更合理,，,技术更先进,，,设施更为完善,，,工程质量更为优异,。我们今天所看到的长城，主要是明代修筑的。,（,4,）明长城的地位,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,长城处于北方游牧地区与农耕地区的连接线上，在它附近的多民族聚集的地区，建立了许多农牧贸易场所，使长城同时成为各民族交往的纽带。,（,5,）明长城的作用,长城处于北方游牧地区与农耕地区的连接线上，在它附近的,2.,北京城,明成祖时（,14061420,年）,（,1,）修建时间,元大都,（,2,）修建的基础,2.北京城明成祖时（14061420年）（1）修建时间元大,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,北京城由,宫城,、,皇城,、,内城,和,外城,组成。,整个北京城平面呈“凸”字形，由一条中轴线纵贯南北，从宫城到外城都以这条中轴线,对称展开,，,均衡布局,，形成了完整而和谐的巨大建筑群。,北京城的建筑，,以宫殿为重点,，并建有其他建筑和各种民生设施。,（,3,）北京城的布局特点,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,明朝北京城平面图,明,皇都积胜图,（局部）,明朝北京城平面图明皇都积胜图（局部）,紫禁城位于北京城的中心，是北京城最为雄伟壮丽的建筑，建筑总面积,16,万余平方米，有各类殿宇等近,9000,间，是,当时世界上最宏大、最辉煌的皇家建筑群,。,（,4,）紫禁城,紫禁城位于北京城的中心，是北京城最为雄伟壮丽的建筑，,明紫禁城平面图,明紫禁城平面图,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,