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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,专题介词与介词短语,专题介词与介词短语,-,2,-,考法,1,考法,2,考法,1,考查介词的搭配,介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词、其他介词等的习惯搭配比较固定,是高考考查的热点和难点。考生要准确掌握同一介词与不同词搭配以及不同介词与同一词搭配的准确含义,解题时要注意把握语境,从而轻松确定答案。在短文改错题中,会考查一些介词错用或漏用的题目。,【典型例题,1,】,(2018,全国,卷,)Most of us are more focused,_our,tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.,解析,:,be,focused,on,为固定短语,意为,“,集中于,”,。故填,on,。,考法总结,高考对介词的考查通常以固定搭配的形式进行,有时是考查短语变式的形式,比如本题就是考查,focus.on,的形容词短语形式。,-2-考法1考法2考法1考查介词的搭配,-,3,-,考法,1,考法,2,【典型例题,2,】,(2018,全国,卷,)For those who fly to Guilin,it,s only an hour away,car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.,解析,:,句意,:,对于那些乘坐飞机去桂林的人来说,乘汽车,(,去阳朔,),只需要一个小时的车程,而且,(,阳朔,),这里有那座更有名的城市,(,桂林,),的所有景色。,by,car,为固定搭配,意为,“,乘汽车,”,。故填,by,。,考法总结,“by+,交通工具,”,表示移动方式,意为,“,乘坐某种交通工具,”,。根据空后表示交通工具的名词,car,可以推断此处填,by,。,-3-考法1考法2【典型例题2】(2018全国卷)For,-,4,-,考法,1,考法,2,【典型例题,3,】,(2018,全国,卷,)He reported the case,the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city.,解析,:,句意,:,他向警察报告了这一情况,然后坐在那里,在一个陌生的城市里迷茫而孤独。,report.to.,为固定搭配,意为,“,向,报告,”,。,考法总结,the,police,表示行为的对象,行为对象前面一般用介词,for,或,to,。根据动词,report,可知要填,to,。,【典型例题,4,】,(2018,全国,卷,)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or,sit by the lake listening,music.,解析,:,句意,:,我们可以躺在草地上休息,或者坐在湖边听音乐。学生易受汉语思维影响,listen,后直接接宾语。但是,listen,为不及物动词,接宾语时需加介词,to,故在,listening,后加,to,。,考法总结,listen,to.,为固定搭配,意为,“,听,”,to,后接,“,听,”,的内容。,-4-考法1考法2【典型例题3】(2018全国卷)He,-,5,-,考法,1,考法,2,考法,2,考查介词的基本用法,课标高考卷对于介词基本用法的考查主要出现在语篇填空和短文改错中,常以在具体语境中考查高频介词的形式出现。,【典型例题,5,】,(2017,全国,卷,)This trend,which was started by the medical community(,医学界,),a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.,解析,:,as,此处表示这一趋势最开始被医学界作为与心脏病做斗争的一种方法。,as“,作为,”,。,考法总结,as,作为介词,除了用在固定搭配中,单独考查也需注意。,-5-考法1考法2考法2考查介词的基本用法,-,6,-,考法,1,考法,2,【典型例题,6,】,(2018,全国,卷,)One morning,I was waiting,_the,bus stop,worried about being late for school.,解析,:,句意,:,一天早上,我在公共汽车站等车,担心上学迟到。表示出现的场所、位置、空间或地点用介词,at,。故填,at,。,考法总结,根据句子结构可知,空后为表示较小地点的,the,bus,stop,所以用,at,。需要注意的是,如果不仔细理解语境,考生易根据前面的,wait,直接填介词,for,从而造成失误。,-6-考法1考法2【典型例题6】(2018全国卷)One,-,7,-,.,单句语法填空,1,.(2018,全国,卷改编,)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat,their hands.,2,.Researchers say we can accurately judge 90%,a stranger,s personality simply by looking at the person,s shoes.,3,.Sammy,walked,the car and helped Tom push it,forward,but,his boots slipped on the warm asphalt(,沥青,).,with,考查基本用法。此处指,“,在印度大部分人用手抓饭吃,”,。故填介词,with,表示,“,用,以,”,。,of,考查基本用法。根据空处前的,90%,和空处后的,“a,stranger,s,personality”,可知,空处前后为所属关系。故用介词,of,。,behind,考查基本用法。根据空后的,“push,it,forward”,可知,此处表示走到车的后面推车。故填介词,behind,。,-7-.单句语法填空with 考查基本用法。此处指“,-,8,-,4,.Zhu De was born,December 1,1886 to a poor farmer,s family in a town in Yilong County,a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan Province.,5,.Most caves are formed,nature under the ground,and some have entrances people can find.,on,考查基本用法。此处指,“,朱德出生的时间,”,表示在具体的某一天。故应用介词,on,。,by,考查基本用法。根据,“,大部分洞穴是在地下自然形成的,”,并结合空前的,“are,formed”,可以判断,应用介词,by,表示,“,通过,方式,”,。,-8-4.Zhu De was born,-,9,-,6,.To fight terrorism,all the countries should join hands and cooperate,a genuine manner.,7,.I was born in a town called Blackburn,and lived there till I left,home,the age of eighteen.,in,考查固定搭配。句意,:,为了打击恐怖主义,所有的国家都应该联手以一种真诚的方式合作。,in,a/an.manner,为固定搭配,意为,“,以一种,的方式,”,。,at,考查固定搭配。句意,:,我出生在一个叫,Blackburn,的小镇,直到,18,岁我才离开那儿。,at,the,age,of,为固定搭配,意为,“,在,岁时,”,。,-9-6.To fight terrorism,all,-,10,-,8,.According to the World Health Organization,about 200 million people suffer,malaria around the world.,9,.She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them,free.,10,.(2018,天津卷改编,)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice,her opinion on the subject.,from,考查固定搭配。句意,:,据世界卫生组织调查,全世界大约有,2,亿人得过疟疾。,suffer,from,为固定搭配,意为,“(,因疾病、痛苦等,),受折磨,”,。,for,考查固定搭配。此处表示,“,她免费帮助那些承担不起这种治疗,(,费用,),的人,”,for,free,意为,“,免费,”,为固定搭配。故用介词,for,。,to,考查固定搭配。,give,voice,to,sth.,为固定搭配,意为,“,表达对某事物的想法,”,。,-10-8.According to the Worl,-,11,-,.,单句改错,1,.Unfortunately,my efforts ended in failure because another friend Amy carelessly let out of my plan.,_,2,.I,would be grateful if you could be so kind to provide me for the information and I,m looking forward to your early reply.,_,3,.After that,everyone enjoyed the sweet birthday cake and shared with my happiness.,_,删除,of,let,out,意为,“,泄露,”,为固定短语,后接宾语,。,for,with,provide,sb.with,sth.,为固定短语,意为,“,把某物提供给某人,”,。,删除,with,share,意为,“,分享,”,为及物动词,可直接接宾语,无须加介词。,-11-.单句改错删除of let out意为“泄露,-,12,-,4,.We,never know one minute on the stage takes away ten years of practice.,_,5,.Many,people view sailing for romantic and relaxing.,_,6,.The,good thing about children is that they adapt very easily new environments.,_,删除,away,句意,:,我们从来不知道台上一分钟,台下十年功。此处的,take,是及物动词,意为,“,花费,”,。,take,away,意为,“,拿走,”,不符合句意。,for,as,句意,:,很多人觉得出海航行是浪漫悠闲的。,view.as.,意为,“,把,看作,”,是固定搭配。,在,easily,后加,to,句意,:,关于孩子们好的方面就是他们能很轻松地适应新的环境。,adapt,to,意为,“,适应,”,为固定搭配。,-12-4.We never know one min,-,13,-,7,.Not,having promo
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