资源描述
Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Chapter 8:Project Human Resource Management,1,The Importance of Human Resource Management,People determine the success and failure of organizations and projects,Despite the downturn in the economy in 2001,there is still a shortage of good IT workers,ITAA calculated that there were over 844,000 openings for IT jobs in 2000,1 in 14 American workers are involved in IT jobs,Although women represent 47 percent of the work force,they make up only 29 percent of IT jobs,2,Long Hours and Stereotypes of IT Workers Hurt Recruiting,Many people are struggling with how to increase the IT labor pool.Noted problems include,The fact that many IT professionals work long hours and must constantly stay abreast of changes in the field,Undesirable stereotypes that keep certain people away from the career field,like women,The need to improve benefits,redefine work hours and incentives,and provide better human resource management,3,What is Project Human Resource Management?,Project human resource management includes the processes required to make the most effective use of the people involved with a project.Processes include,Organizational planning,Staff acquisition,Team development,4,Keys to Managing People,Psychologists and management theorists have devoted much research and thought to the field of managing people at work,Important areas related to project management include,motivation,influence and power,effectiveness,5,Motivation,Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs to illustrate his theory that peoples behaviors are guided by a sequence of needs,Maslow argued that humans possess unique qualities that enable them to make independent choices,thus giving them control of their destiny,6,Figure 8-1.Maslows Hierarchy of Needs,7,Herzbergs Motivational and Hygiene Factors,Frederick Herzberg wrote several famous books and articles about worker motivation.He distinguished between,motivational factors:achievement,recognition,the work itself,responsibility,advancement,and growth,which produce job satisfaction,hygiene factors:cause dissatisfaction if not present,but do not motivate workers to do more.Examples include larger salaries,more supervision,and a more attractive work environment,8,McGregors Theory X and Y,Douglas McGregor popularized the human relations approach to management in the 1960s,Theory X:assumes workers dislike and avoid work,so managers must use coercion,threats and various control schemes to get workers to meet objectives,Theory Y:assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy the satisfaction of esteem and self-actualization needs,Theory Z:introduced in 1981 by William,Ouchi,and is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers,emphasizing trust,quality,collective decision making,and cultural values,9,Thamhain,and,Wilemons,Ways to Have Influence on Projects,1.,Authority:the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders,2.Assignment:the project managers perceived ability to influence a workers later work assignments,3.Budget:the project managers perceived ability to authorize others use of discretionary funds,4.Promotion:the ability to improve a workers position,5.Money:the ability to increase a workers pay and benefits,6.Penalty:the project managers ability to cause punishment,7.Work challenge:the ability to assign work that capitalizes on a workers enjoyment of doing a particular task,8.Expertise:the project managers perceived special knowledge that others deem important,9.Friendship:the ability to establish friendly personal relationships between the project manager and others,10,Ways to Influence that Help and Hurt Projects,Projects are more likely to succeed when project managers influence with,expertise,work challenge,Projects are more likely to fail when project managers rely too heavily on,authority,money,penalty,11,Power,Power is the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do,Types of power include,Coercive,Legitimate,Expert,Reward,Referent,12,Improving Effectiveness-Coveys 7 Habits,Project managers can apply Coveys 7 habits to improve effectiveness on projects,Be proactive,Begin with the end in mind,Put first things first,Think win/win,Seek first to understand,then to be understood,Synergize,Sharpen the saw,13,Empathic Listening and Rapport,Good project managers are empathic listeners;they listen with the intent to understand,Before you can communicate with others,you have to have rapport,Mirroring is a technique to help establish rapport,IT professionals often need to develop empathic listening and other people skills to improve relationships with users and other stakeholders,14,Improving Relationships Between Users and Developers,Some organizations require business people,not IT people,to take the lead in determining and justifying investments in new computer systems,CIOs,push their staff to recognize
展开阅读全文