科技论文英文的规范表达-词性与句子成分课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/3/5,#,1,cvlabUESTC,学以致用,用以促学,第,8,讲,科技论文英文的规范表达,-,词性与句子成分,1cvlabUESTC学以致用,2,cvlabUESTC,学以致用,用以促学,Click to add Title,1,词性,1,Click to add Title,2,简单句的句子成分,2,Click to add Title,2,长句结构,3,本章内容,2cvlabUESTC学以致用,词性,每个英语单词都有其特定的属性，称为“词性”，也叫“词类”,part of speech,。一个单词可有多个词性，各词性意思可能相同，也可能不同。同一意思可作多种词性使用，就是我们学过的构词的“转化”方法而来的：,water n.,水,-water vt.,浇水。不同词性在句子中所起的作用不同、充当的句子成分不同,3,词性每个英语单词都有其特定的属性，称为“词性”，也叫“词类”,n.,名词,noun,：表示事物的名称，是动作的发出者或承受者。可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。,teacher,Tom,v.,动词,verb,：作谓语。分为实意动词、助动词和情态动词三大类。其中实意动词又分为及物动词、不及物动词和系动词三小类。,4,n.名词noun：表示事物的名称，是动作的发出者或承受者,vt.,及物动词,transitive verb,：表示施加到一个对象身上的动作，这个动作的承受者叫“动词宾语”。,及物动词必须加宾语,。,see,reach,leave,teach,learn,catch,throw,vi.,不及物动词,intransitive verb,：表示主动发出，没有动作承受者的动作。,不及物动词不能加宾语，可加介词短语帮助说明动作承受者,。,look,arrive,remain,go,belong,vl.,系动词,link verb,：表示说明、描述的动词，后面必须加形容词或名词表示说明或描述的内容，称为表语。,系动词必需加表语,。系动词分为三小类，即,be,动词,(am,is,are),、变化动词,(become,turn),和感官动词,(look,sound,feel),。,5,vt.及物动词transitive verb：表示施加到,va.,助动词,auxiliary verb,：和动词连用，,一起做谓语,，帮助实现时态、语态、疑问或否定等语法功能的词。,do,will,vm.,情态动词,modal verb,：和动词连用，,一起做谓语,，帮助表达各种情绪、语气、感情等意味的词。,can,should,must,may,had better,6,va.助动词auxiliary verb：和动词连用，一,a.,或,adj.,形容词,adjective,：修饰名词，说明名词的性质、状态、特征等。作定语。,fast,careful,friendly,ad.,或,adv.,副词,adverb,：修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者全句。作状语。,fast,carefully,no,however,7,a.或adj.形容词adjective：修饰名词，说明名,prep.,介词,preposition,：后加名词性词语，表示这个词与前面词语之间关系的词。,介词后面必须加一个名词性结构，称为“介词宾语”,。介词及其介词宾语合称“,介词短语,”。介词短语是副词性的，可作定语、状语或表语。,in,at,for,after,in front of,in addition to,conj.,连词,conjunction,：连接两个词、短语或句子的词。,只有连词、句号和分号可以连接两个句子,。,and,but,because,so,although,as,8,prep.介词preposition：后加名词性词语，表,pron.,代词,pronoun,：分为人称代词,(he,she,I,it),、形容词性物主代词,(my,his,its,their),、名词性物主代词,(mine,his,its,theirs),三类。人称代词、名词性物主代词指代人或事物，具有类似名词的性质。形容词性物主代词具有类似形容词的性质。,num.,数词,number,：指数字，具有类似名词的性质。,one,two,twenty-five,9,pron.代词pronoun：分为人称代词(he,sh,art.,冠词,article,：起限定或修饰作用，又叫“限定词”，具有类似形容词的性质。作定语。,a,an,the,excl.,叹词,exclamation,：不做句子成分，类似插入语，表示感叹的词。,oh,10,art.冠词article：起限定或修饰作用，又叫“限定,除此之外，动词还衍生出了,四大新词,，合称“非谓语动词”。非谓语动词是实意动词的变形式，它保留动词的一些特性，如保留原动词的状语或宾语等，,但非谓语动词决不能做谓语,。实际上，除了不能做谓语，非谓语动词几乎能做句子的其他所有成分，功能十分强大。,特殊的,n.,：,v-ing,动名词、,to do,动词不定式,He likes reading books.He likes to read books in his study.,特殊的,adj.,：,v-ing,现在分词（表主动和正在）、,v-ed,过去分词（表被动和已经）,The girl walked along a path covered with fallen leaves,sobbing tearfully.Barking dogs seldom bite.,（虚张声势）,11,除此之外，动词还衍生出了四大新词，合称“非谓语动词”。非谓语,This is a book about how we learn,one,step at,a time,to come to knowledge of the,objective world,and why we sometimes take,a step,back,.,12,课堂练习,The signal and the noise:why so many predictions fail-but some dont,大数据时代的巫师,Nate Silver,pron vl art n prep ad pron vi num n prep art n,不定式（不定式符号,vi prep n prep art a n,）,conj ad pron ad vt art n ad,This is a book about how we le,If asked to step,out of,the car,we will consciously obey,and then instinctively stand,about four feet from the officer,although when talking to friends,we automatically,adjust that separation to about two and a half feet,.,conj,过去分词 不定式（不定式符号,vi prep art n,）,pron va ad vi conj ad ad vi prep num n prep art n conj ad,现在分词,prep n pron ad vt a n prep ad num conj art,n,n,Subliminal:How you unconscious mind rules your behavior,潜意识：你的无意识心理是如何控制行为的？,Leonard Moldinow,时间简史第,2,作者,13,If asked to step out of the ca,Thus,we trained,it on the largest facial dataset to-date,an,identity labeled,dataset of four million facial images belonging,to more,than 4,000 identities,where each identity has an,average of,over a thousand samples,.,ad pron vt pron prep art a a n a,，,art n,过去分词,n prep num n a n,现在分词,prep n prep num n ad a n vt art n prep a art n n,14,DeepFace:Closing the Gap to Human-Level Performance in Face Verification,c,vpr 2014 facebook,Thus we trained it on the larg,Our method reaches an accuracy of 97.25%on the,Labeled Faces,in the Wild(LFW)dataset,reducing the error of,the current,state of the art by more than 25%,closely,approaching human-level,performance,.,Pron(,形容词性物主代词）,n vt art n prep num prep art,过去分词,n prep art a(n)n,，现在分词,art n prep art a n prep n prep n prep num ad,现在分词,n n,15,Our method reaches an accuracy,Motivated by the observation that failure of facial image pair-matching is always caused by inconsistent visual conditions of both total face and face parts,we propose to train multiple classifiers on total face and face parts with respect to different visual consistency conditions.,过去分词,prep art n conj n prep a n,动名词,vl ad,过去分词,prep a a n prep a a n conj n n pron vt,不定式,(,不定式符号,vt a n prep a n conj n n,短语介词,a a n n),Unconstrained Face Verification by Optimally Organizing Multiple,Classifiers,IJCAS,16,Motivated by the observation t,17,cvlabUESTC,学以致用,用以促学,Click to add Title,1,词性,1,Click to add Title,2,简单句的句子成分,2,Click to add Title,2,长句结构,3,本章内容,17cvlabUESTC学以致用,简单句的句子成分,18,所有的英语句子只干两件事：说明“谁（对谁）干什么。”或者“谁是什么或怎么样”。这里的“谁”,主语,S,；（对谁的“谁”,宾语,O,）；干什么,谓语,V,；是什么或怎么样,表语,P,。因而，,S,、,V,、,O,、,P,是一个英语句子必须有的,4,大成分，缺一不可，少了任何一个成分，句子就是错误的。,要想句子表达的意义更丰富，需要在主、谓、宾、表的基础上增加,4,个装饰性成分，即定语、状语、补语、同位语。这四个成分不是句子必