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,第二部分 阅读理解,第一节 阅读理解,专题四 主旨大意,高考英语 北京专用,第二部分 阅读理解高考英语 北京专用,一、考查文章主旨,通常情况下,我们可以从此类题的题干中看到“mainly tell us”,“mainly,talk about”,“main purpose”,“suitable title”等关键词,提示我们需要,进入文章中找到主旨信息。考生们倾向于在文章中的某些固定位置找寻,主旨,一般在文章的首段或尾段。虽然自古套路得人心,但是阅读理解考查,的更是随机应变、见机行事的能力。不关注文章的文体特点和提问方式,而一味死板地遵循套路是行不通的。,方法技巧,一、考查文章主旨方法技巧,2,1.文章主旨出现在首段,我们在考试中所接触的英文语篇,尤其是应用文、说明文和议论文,大多会,采用“开门见山”的写作手法,也就是在首段告诉读者文章主要的关注点,是什么。从写作手法上来分析,在首段亮出主旨,下文才能围绕主旨展开叙,述、说明或辩论。因此,在遇到主旨大意题时,尤其是需要确定主要内容或,标题时,考生要先考虑首段信息。如:,例1What can be a suitable title for the text?,A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart,B.Balancing Our Daily Diet,C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef,D.Cooking Well for Less,1.文章主旨出现在首段,3,(,原文,),Good,Morning,Britain,s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa,every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role,showing,fam,ilies how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget,.,分析通过第一段的阅读我们发现,本段只有一句话,但是在这句话中有一,个明显的标志破折号,当我们阅读第一段寻找主旨句时,一般会倾向于,在段尾查看,因为段尾亮出主旨利于下文的开启,尤其当段尾出现破折号或,冒号时,此句话更应重点关注。句中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals,与D选项中的Cooking Well对应,on a tight budget与D选项中的for Less对,应。,(原文),4,例2Why did Edward write this letter?,A.To seek assistance from the administration.,B.To inform the school of his course plans.,C.To show his achievements in Latin.,D.To apply for the teaching position.,例2Why did Edward write this l,5,(,原文,),Dear Ms.Wang,I am writing to,inform you of some arrangements about my composition,course and Latin course,next year.,I,ve decided to re-establish the 5-paragraph essay as the goal for the composi-,tion course.I interviewed some of my former students and they all agreed that,being able to write critically and continuously was important to them.,分析通过文章的写作格式和本题题干可知此文为书信,书信的一大特点,就是写信人一般会在文章的开头告知写信的目的,因此在看到对书信的写,作目的进行设问的题目后,应第一时间去文章的第一段搜索有效信息。文,中第一段的下划线部分即是写信的目的,与,B,选项对应。,(原文),6,2.,文章主旨出现在第二段,我们在阅读文章时经常会发现,在第一段找不到主旨并且对此段话理解不,透彻,在这种情况下,尤其是在说明文和议论文中,考生不必慌张,一般可以,在文章的第二段找到主旨,这时再返回第一段进行理解就会发现,第一段起,到了引出话题或者通过描写某个现象或情境来达到让读者产生共鸣的目,的。如,:,例3What is the best title for the text?,A.Conversation Counts,B.Ways of Making Small Talk,C.Benefits of Small Talk,D.Uncomfortable Silence,2.文章主旨出现在第二段,7,(,原文,),We,ve all been there:in a lift,in line at the bank or on an airplane,surrounded by people who are,like us,deeply focused on their smartphones or,worse,struggling with the uncomfortable silence.,What,s the problem?It is possible that we all have compromised conversational,intelligence.It,s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it,s,awkward and challenging,or we think it,s annoying and unnecessary.But the next,time you find yourself among strangers,consider that,small talk is worth the,trouble,.Experts say,it,s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits,.,(原文),8,分析阅读完第一段之后我们发现此段只是对某些情况进行了描述,根本,无法提取出主旨,也不知道究竟要以哪个点为切入口深入阐述。因此我们,只能从第二段搜寻线索,第二段的第一句话,What,s the problem?,揭示出第,二段在延续第一段的话题,对第一段的描述进行分析。在分析过问题之后,提出了解决方法,也就是第二段的下划线部分。下划线部分中的,small talk,才是本文的关键词,与,C,项的,Small Talk,呼应,而下划线部分中最后几个词,results in big benefits,则与,C,项中的,Benefits,呼应,所以最合适的标题是,C,项。,3.,文章主旨出现在尾段,一般来说,文章主旨需要在尾段搜寻时,题目会围绕着文章或作者的目的来,设问,;,有的时候文章主旨会出现在尾段,但一般是起到再次强调的作用,不,太可能在尾段首次出现主旨。如,:,分析阅读完第一段之后我们发现此段只是对某些情况进行了描述,9,例,4,The main purpose of this passage is to,.,A.share experiences in using social media,B.provide some advice on social problems,C.raise public awareness of social problems,D.remind people to wisely use social media,(,原文,),Social media has its advantages and drawbacks as each coin has two sides.,It,is up to each user to use social sites wisely to enhance their professional and,social life,and exercise caution to ensure they do not fall victim to online,dangers,.,例4The main purpose of this pa,10,分析考生需搞清楚主要内容和写作目的的区别,作者围绕一个主旨进行,阐述,这个主旨就是文章的主要内容,而作者写这篇文章可能是为了抒发感,情、引起共鸣、号召参与、鼓励消费等等,这才是写作目的。只有在审题,时区分清楚,才能准确定位阅读区域,并根据不同的语言特点进行分析。例,题中就文章的主要目的提问,就是希望考生在读完文章后能抓住作者最想,告诉我们的话,可能全文描述了目前大家使用互联网的情况,也具体分析了,使用社交媒体的利弊,但它们都不是写作目的。作者动用各种写作手法是,想起到什么作用,?,我们在文中尾段下划线部分找到了答案,从里面我们能,够获取到的有效信息为,use social sites wisely,这就是作者通过文章给读者,的告诫,与,D,项中的关键词对应。,分析考生需搞清楚主要内容和写作目的的区别,作者围绕一个主旨,11,4.,文章主旨需要总结,通常情况下,我们在记叙文中无法快速地找到主旨,需要根据对文章的理解,进行总结。这也比较符合记叙文的写作特点,试想一下,如果我们在讲述一,件事情时,首段直接道出主旨,或告诉读者写这篇文章的目的或意义,读者,很有可能就不会继续往下阅读了。我们在阅读记叙文时,作者是希望我们,随着情节的起伏带入情感,与作者产生共鸣,所以在类似的文章中是不可能,直接点出主旨大意的。如,:,例,5,What does the story mainly tell us?,A.A man owes his success to his family support.,B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.,C.Failure is the mother of success.,D.One is never too old to learn.,4.文章主旨需要总结,12,(,原文,),My First Marathon(,马拉松,),A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured and this,meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet,I,was determined to go ahead.,I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class,the teacher,required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn,t do either well.He later,informed me that I was“not athletic”.,The idea that I was“not athletic”stuck with me for years.When I started,running in my 30s,I realized running was a battle against myself,not about,(原文),13,competition or whether or no
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