定语从句与名词性从句课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句与名词性从句,定语从句与名词性从句,1,定语从句是修饰名词的从句，起形容词的作用。定语从句一般由一个先行词或一个关系副词引导，被修饰的名词称为先行词。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。,定语从句,定语从句是修饰名词的从句，起形容词的作用。定语从句一般由一个,2,引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词,关系代词,that,代表人或物，作从句的主语或宾语，只引导限制性定语从句,which,代表物，作从句的主语或宾语，可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,who,代表人，作从句的主语,whom,代表人，作从句的宾语,as,代表物，常与,same,such,配对，或单独引导特殊定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词关系代词that代表人或物，,3,关系副词,when,其先行词是表示时间的词,where,其先行词是表示地点的词,why,其先行词是reason,as,其先行词是作状语的词组,关系副词when其先行词是表示时间的词where其先行词是表,4,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,1.限制性定语从句对先行词提供不少的信息，明确先行词的意义，限制先行词的适用范围，是句子表达意思不可缺少的组成部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。从结构上看，限定性从句不能用逗号与先行词分开。例句：,This is the house,which we bought last month.,这是我们上个月买的那幢房子,。,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句对先行词提,5,All that can be done,must done.,凡能做的事都必须做。,The man,who spoke was my brother,.,讲话的那个人是我的弟弟。,That is the man,whom I met in Beijing last year.,他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。,This is a college,whose students are all women.,这是一所清一色女生的学校。,All that can be done must done,6,非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词或整个句子的补充说明，或提供更多的信息。删去非限制性从句，主句的意思仍然概念清晰，结构完整。非限制性定语从句与主句之间必须用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能省略。例如：,My brother,whom you met the other day,has gone abroad.,前天你遇见的我的那个兄弟，出国去了。,非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词,7,I want to buy the house,which,has a garden.,我想买下这一座房子，因为它有个花园。,We visited the small town,where,I went to primary school.,我们参观了那个小镇，我小学就是在那里上的,。,You had better consult Dr.Smith,who,is a psychologist.,你最好去找史密斯博士询问一下，他是心理学家。,I want to buy the house,whic,8,关系代词和关系副词的使用,that既可以代表人，又可代表物。,一.只用that，不用which的情况,1.当先行词是不定代词,all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the one,等时；,All that can be done has be done.,2.当先行词有,all,any,few,no,only,little,much,等,不定代词修饰时；,He answered few questions that teacher asked,.,3 当先行词被,序数词,（first,last,next等）或形容词最高级修饰时；,The first thing that we should do is to work out a,plan.,关系代词和关系副词的使用that既可以代表人，又可代表物。,9,4.当先行词前面有,the very,the only,the,same,等词修饰时；,The only thing that impresses me is her directness.,5.,当先行词是两个并列的词组，且一个指人，一个指物时；,They are talking about the persons and things that saw in the factory.,6.,当先行词是表语时或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时；,China is not the country that it was.,4.当先行词前面有the very,the only,10,7.,为了避免重复，主句中已经有疑问词which,;,Which is the car that was made in China?,8.,在there be 句型中,；,There is a seat in the corner that is still free.,二.只用which 不用that 的情况：,1.,在非限制性定语从句中,；,They have three houses,which are built of stone.,2.,当关系代词前面有介词时,；,This is the room in which they live.,7.为了避免重复，主句中已经有疑问词which;,11,三.在定语从句中，,who,在从句中,作主语,，,whom,在从句中,作宾语,四.Whose 为关系代词所有格，系由his,her,their,my,your 以及its 等所有格变化而成，无论先行词是“人”或“物”都可用whose。如果先行词是事物时除了可以用whose,还可用of which。,The book,whose,cover is blue is mine.,=The book of which the cover is blue is mine.,五.when,where,why 引导的定语从句在从句中作状语,三.在定语从句中，who 在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作,12,I shall never forget the day when New China was founded.,The school,where,(in which),I work is not far from here.,We do not know the reason,why,he did not come.,六.as引导的定语从句,1.作主语,She was absent,as,is often the case.,2.作宾语,As,I said in my last letter,I am taking the exam in July.,I shall never forget the da,13,3.作表语,He seemed a foreigner,as,in fact he was.,七.特别注意,1.在非限制性定语从句中介词要放在关系代词前,His new car,for which,he paid 10,000 dollars,has already had to be repaired.,2.the way 从句中使用的关系代词,The way,in which,computers can be used to improve our life is indefinite.,3.作表语,14,=The way,that,computers can be used to improve our life is indefinite.,=The way computers can be used to improve our life is indefinite.,3.在非正式场合，可将reason或why省略,若将reason省略，剩下的why从句就成为名词从句,I do not see,reason why,you were late.,=I do not see,the reason,you were late.,=I do not see,why,you were late.,=The way that computers can,15,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句,主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句,16,从属连词,that,只起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分,whether,作“是否”解，不充当从句的任何成分,if,作“是否”解，不充当从句中的任何成分,疑问代词,what,作“什么”，“的”解，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,which,作“哪个”解，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语,who,“谁”，“那的人”，在从句中作主语,whom,“谁”，在从句中作宾语,疑问副词,when,“在的时候”，在从句中作状语,where,“什么地方”，“在哪里”，“的地方”，作状语,why,“为什么”，“的理由”，做状语,how,“如何”，作状语,从属连词that只起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分,17,主语从句,由that引导的主语从句置于句首，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义,That,light travels in straight lines is known to all。,形式主语替代主语从句,1、It+系动词+形容词+that从句,It is quite clear that,the whole project is doomed to failure。,在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句,主语从句由that引导的主语从句置于句首，在从句中不作任何成,18,注意：,“It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/,unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible+that从句”结构中，从句常用,“should+动词原形”,形式，其中,should可省略。,It is necessary that,a college student（should）master one or two foreign languages。,2、It+系动词+名词+that从句,It is our hope that,the two sides will work towards peace。,注意：,19,3、It+be+动词的-ed形式+that从句,It is generally considered that,boys are better at science than girls.,4、It+特殊动词+that从句,It seems to me that,you object to the plan,.,Whether引导的主语从句可置于句首，if一般不引导主语从句。,Whether,he can finish his task on time is of great important.,wh-类连接副词或连接代词引导的主语从句可放于句首也可以放于句尾，放于句首需要用形式主语替代wh-从句。,3、It+be+动词的-ed形式+that从句,20,表语从句,1、that类表语从句,The point is,that,we cant convince the court of his guilt.,注意：,主语是表示“计划、建议、要求、命令”等的词，如suggestion，advice，order，demand等时，表语从句的谓语动词常用,”should+动词原形”，s