定语从句讲解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,定语从句高考考点例析,The best way you can get,The,Attributive,Clause,Complex sentence,复合句：,由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子,的主要局部主句，另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作,某个成分如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语。,复合句,=,主句,+,定语从句,一个主谓结构是句子,的主要局部主句,另一个或一个以上的主谓结构,只在句子中作某个成分定语,The students,(,who,do not study hard,),will not pass the exam,.,主句主语,从句主语,从句谓语结构,主句谓语结构,在句子中作,定语,，修饰,名词,或,代词,的从句。这种从句由,关系代词,或,关系副词,引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做,嵌入句,，,因形容词定语，所以又称之为,形容词性从句,。,Attributive clause:,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词在主句中后。,定,语,从,句,的,引,导,词,关系,代词,关系,副词,指人,指物,who(,主语、宾语,),，,whom(,宾语,),，,that(,主语、宾语,),whose(,定语,),that(,主语、宾语,),which(,主语、宾语,),whose(,定语,),where(,地点状语,),when(,时间状语,),why(,原因状语,),Attributive clause:,限制性定语从句,restrictive,非限制性定语从句,non-restrictive,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从,句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,I was,the only person,who was invited,.,in my office,Jenny,with whom I played table tennis,yesterday,lives in my next room.,The man,who came here yesterday,has,come again.,That is,Mr.Wang,whose daughter,teaches English at a middle school,.,注意：,引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用,that,，指,人,时用,who,(,主语,),whom,(,宾语,),，指,物,时须用,which,.,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,1,、找出定语从句中是否,主语和宾语都齐全,。如齐全,用关系副词,。,用什么关系副词看先行词。,I will never forget the days,(_ I stayed with you).,when,_,_,Jurassic Park is about a park,_(a very rich man keeps different,Kinds of dinosaurs).,_,_,where,1958 was the year,_(Spielberg made his first real film).,_,_,Please give me the reason,_(you made such a great success).,_,_,when,why,Morning is the best time,_(you practise reading aloud).,_,_,when,Do you remember the lake _(you first met your girlfriend.,_,_,where,2,、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物,动词，如是，用,关系代词，,如不是，用,关系副词。,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,Yesterday we went to visit the house,_(the great writer used,to live).,_,_,where,in which,The house,_(they built in 1987),stayed up in the earthquake,.,which,that,/,_,_,Luckily none of the people,_(I know),were killed in the,earthquake,.,who,whom,that,/,_,_,My father was born in the year,_(the Second World War,broke out).,_,_,in which,when,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，那么用关系副词。,Kunming is a beautiful place,_(,flowers,are seen,all the,year round).,where,October 1,st,is the day,_(,new China,was founded,).,when,The window,(_,was opened,this morning),has been broken,.,Which,that,The meeting,(_,will be held,next week),is very important,.,Which,that,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,考点二：,that,和,which,的选择,(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在以下情况引导词只用that，不用which。,领先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：,a.All that can be done has been done.,b.I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.,c.There is little(that)the enemy can do besides surrender.,先行词被,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,修饰时,：,Ive read,all,the books,(that)you gave me.,考点二：,that,和,which,的选择,先行词是,序数词,或,形容词最高级,修饰时。,This is,the best,book,(that),Ive ever read,.,This is,the first,composition,(that)he has written in English.,先行词被,the only,the very,the last,修饰时。,That white flower is,the only,one (that)I really like.,This is,the,very,book(that)I want to find.,当有两个或两个以上分别表示,人和物,的先行词时，这个定语从句要用,that,而不用,who(whom),和,which,引导。如：,He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.,先行词是疑问词,who,which,what,时，定语从句用,that,而不用,who,(whom),和,which,引导。,考点二：,that,和,which,的选择,Who is the person,that is standing at the gate?,Which of us,that knows something about physics,does not know this?,What,that is on the table,belongs to me?,当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Mary is no longer the girl,(that)she used to be.,China is no longer the country,that it used to be.,Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一局部。,1 She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.,A.it B.which C.this D.that,2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.,A.what B.which C.that D.it,考点二：,that,和,which,的选择,2只用which的情况,B,B,考点三：,as,与,which,引导的定语从句,对这两个词作如下归纳：,1,、如果定语放主句后，即引用,as,也可以用,which.,He failed to the exam,as(=which)is natural.,She seems a scientist,as(=which)in fact she is.,Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.,2,、如果从句在主句前，这时要用,as,而不用,which,引导 定语从句。如：,As we all know,his parents were killed in the war.,As we all know,the earth is round,.,3.,用于,the sameas,suchas,，,asas,soas,中，,一般用,as,。,e.g.,Such,books,as you tell me,are interesting.,This is,the same,book,as I lent you yesterday.,4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。,He won the match,as we had expected.,He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.,The police were looking for him,as he thought.,考点三：,as,与,which,引导的定语从句,Here is,so,big a stone,as no man can lift.,5.,as,在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如,be known,，,be said,，,be reported,等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用,which,作主语。,e.g.,She has been late again,as,was expected.,Tom has made great progress,which,made us happy.,6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，那么用which.,a.He cheated his friend of mach money,which was very disgraceful.,b.He came back late,which made his mother worried.,考点三：,as,与,which,引