中外文化差异

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Humor Interpretation in Intercultural Encounters,它是,外来词,，由英文一词音译而来的,.,而英文中的这个词,则来源于拉丁文的，本义是,体液,.,古希腊有一位名叫,希波克拉底,的医生认为,人的体液有血液,粘液,黄胆汁,黑胆汁等等,其组成的比例不同,而幽默一词的广泛运用,则要归功于英国,人文主义,戏剧家琼生了,.,他创作的,个性互异,和,人各有癖,两部作品,均以幽默见称,.,他的讽刺,喜剧,代表作,伏尔蓬涅,里,其人物性格便是按照,气质,划定的，大概由于文艺的社会功能所致,琼生的幽默理论也不胫而走,.,而最初将此词移入,中国,来的,则要推林语堂了,.,这是一个音,意两译的词,其表述方式自然是恰到好处了,.,幽默,VS,常见的幽默有几种方式：,相声,相声,：通过语言或者对话来达到幽默的效果。,笑话,笑话,：通过一个有趣的小故事来使人们感到好笑。,无厘头,无厘头,：利用表面毫无逻辑关联的语言和肢体动作，使人们有滑稽的感觉戏仿：通过模仿来使人们感到滑稽。,恶搞,恶搞,：通过毫无道理的方式（例如在照片上画八字胡），来使观看者感到好笑。,幽默方式,黑色幽默,黑色幽默,：,20,世纪,60,年代在美国兴起的一个,文学流派,，对充满矛盾的荒谬的社会现实进行无奈、苦涩的冷嘲热讽。后也指这种无奈、苦涩的表现风格。是一种对现实采取嘲笑抨击，揭露和讽刺，幻想和否定结合在一起的“黑色”的“幽默”。,愚人节,愚人节,：能引出许多笑话的一天，人们以多种方式开周围的人的玩笑。,栋笃笑,栋笃笑,：是英文“,Stand Up Comedy”,的翻译。这个翻译很“,广东话,”，不少香港人都觉得译很传神。虽然这一词源自西方，但跟中国人的相声有不少相似的地方，只是在这个“求新”和“求创意”的年代，年青人较接受一些易明和生动的名词。,冷幽默,冷幽默：带有一点黑色幽默的成分，但又区别于黑色幽默。可以理解为意图不明显的幽默。当事人在讲一个冷幽默的时候，并没有刻意地要达到幽默的效果，是一种很随意的幽默，笑不笑由你。“冷幽默”是那种淡淡的、在不经意间自然流露的幽默，是让人发愣、不解、深思、顿悟、大笑的幽默，是让人回味无穷的幽默。之所以称之为“冷幽默”，是因为不仅要幽默，还要“冷”。,捷克式幽默,捷克,式幽默：捷克作家,赫拉巴尔,作品的特点，在幽默中渗透的是对人和社会的思考与担忧，使人在笑过之后感受到一种辛酸和压抑。,白色幽默,白色幽默,：白色幽默指令人恐惧而又感到好笑的话或句子,VS,黑色幽默,捷克式幽默,中西幽默区别,diffrence,中国：,1,中国人的幽默更善于戏弄嘲讽别人,2,喜欢看聪明人干傻事,3,注重语言表达,English,1,英式的幽默更善于自嘲,2,喜欢看傻人干傻事,3,注重夸张的肢体语言和表情,VS,中,国,外,国,由于受文化背景的影响，中西方的 幽默有很大不同！,以下这几则搞笑语录中外通用，老外也能领略到里面的幽默，没有文化背景的影响,1,：每个成功男人的背后，都有个折磨他的女人。,Behind every successful man,there is a woman torturing him.,3,旅行就是从自己呆腻的地方到别人呆腻的地方去。,Traveling is going from a place that youre sick of to a place other people are sick of.,4,连贝克汉姆都不知道，你还有什么资格跟我谈篮球！,You dont even know Beckham-how dare you talk about basketball with me,！,5.If you die in an elevator,be sure to push the Up button.,如果你不幸在电梯离开人世的话，请一定要按上行按钮。,以下是几则只有中国人看得懂的幽默,1.Evening news is where they begin with Good evening,and then proceed to tell you why it isnt.,晚间新闻总是以“晚上好”开头，再告诉你你为什么好不了。,2.The early bird might get the worm,but the second mouse gets the cheese.,a.,早起滴小鸟有虫虫！晚到的老鼠有奶酪！,b.,早起的鸟儿有虫吃，早起的虫儿被鸟吃。,3.If at first you dont succeed,skydiving is not for you!,跳伞是这样一种运动：不成功则成仁！,4.A bus is a vehicle that runs twice as fast when you are after it as when you are in it.,a.,公车总在被追赶的时候的速度要比你在里面时的速度快两倍。,b.,一旦你在公车后面追，它的速度就会变得比你在里面所感觉得快。,5.Did you know that dolphins are so smart that within a few weeks of captivity,they can train people to stand on the very edge of the pool and throw them fish?,海豚可聪明了你知道不？只要驯养几个星期，它们就能让人类乖乖站在池边给它们扔鱼吃了。,6.,Better to remain silent and be thought a fool,than to speak and remove all doubt.,a.,宁愿闭嘴当傻瓜，也别学乌鸦乱呱呱。,b.,剽悍的人生不需要解释,外国人学汉语引发的幽默,Structure of Article,1.warm-up cases,2.humor as a pathway to intercultural communication competence,3.converting enthymeme into syllogism,4.locating analogous cultural contexts,5.the,metastep,6.summary,7exercises,New words,Warm-up Cases,Case 1,Corruption,:,堕落，贪污，腐败,reinforced,:,增援，加固的，加强的,iron,:n,.,铁，坚强,vt,.,烫平，熨,vi.,烫衣服,beam,:n,.,梁，电波，横梁,v.,播送,Humor as a Pathway to Intercultural Communication Competence,rectify,:,vt,矫正，调整,eg,:I made a mistake that can not be,rectified,.,compliment,:n,称赞，恭维，致意，问候，道贺,vt,称赞，褒扬，恭维,eg,:Your presence is a great,compliment,.,cultivate,:,vt,.,培养；陶冶；耕作,eg,:,Cultivate,poverty like a garden herb,like sage.Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts,idiomatic,:adj.,惯用的，符合语言习惯的，通顺的,eg,:You cant learn,english,well without watching out for,idiomatic,expressions.,converse,:,n.,相反的事物，逆行,adj.,相反的，颠倒的,vi.,谈话，交谈，认识,eg:It,is a pleasure to,converse,with her.,Maturity,:,n.,成熟；到期；完备,eg,:How you manage and cope with change is a sign of your professionalism and,maturity,.,impropriety,:,n.,不适当；不正确；用词错误；,审计,不正当行为,eg,:A lawyer should avoid even the appearance of professional,impropriety,.,foster,:,vt,.,培养；养育，抚育；抱（希望等）,adj.,收养的，养育的,eg,:Instead,it must,foster,and harness that growth.,affirm,:,vt,.,肯定；断言,vi.,确认；断言,eg,:This is a good point at which to,affirm,a policy in,favour,of open global markets for commodities,.,tacit,:,adj.,缄默的；不言而喻的,eg,:a,tacit,agreement,默契,implement,:,vt,.,实施,实现,使生效,n.,工具，手段,eg,:,Implement,your ideas into your projects at work.,logic,:,n.,逻辑；逻辑学；逻辑性,adj.,逻辑的,eg,:Even now,I still believe the,logic,is compelling.,premise,:,vt,.,引出，预先提出；作为,的前提,n.,前提；上述各项；房屋连地基,eg:Advice,to investors was based on the,premise,that interest rates would continue to fall,nerdy,:,adj.,书呆子式的,n.,令人厌烦的人,eg,:It is done in the library or at home and reading in public is a little,“,nerdy,”.,abbreviate,:,vt,.,缩写，使省略；使简短,vi.,使用缩写词,eg,:Officials meet periodically to ensure state plates stay free of letters that,abbreviate,gang slang,drug terms or obscene phrases,explicit,:,adj.,明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的,eg,:Bill,Venners,:What do you mean?Could you be more,explicit,?,stereotype,steriutaip,sti,-,基本释义,vt,.,使用铅版；套用老套，使一成不变,n.,陈腔滥调，老套；铅,短语,stereotype backing,铅版间隔纸,cultural stereotype,固定文化模式,;,文化定型,Stereotype behavior,刻板行为,Implicit Stereotype,内隐刻板印象,sexual stereotype,性别定型观念,are at odds with,不和,与,E.g,Ho,weer,these results,are at odds,with,other studies that,hae,shown declines in ischemic stroke in AF,they point out.,然而，他们指出：这些结果比其他研究有优势，它显示了心房纤颤局部中风下降。,That groups allegations,are,at,odds,