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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,形容词和副词,一、定义,说明人或事物的,特征、性质或状态,，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。,形容词,a,beautiful,castle,She looks so,happy.,1,作定语,There are many _,colourful,_flowers in the park.,The boy is,old,_,enough,to go to school.,He has,something,_interesting,to tell his mother.,放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。,二、用法及位置,留意：基数词可与名词(用连字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语。,如：a 5yearold girl，five-minute walk,2,作表语,Mother looked,happy,when she received our presents.,一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。如：,glad,happy,pleased,sorry,sad,sure,ready,afraid,able,easy,difficult,+to do sth.,be,放在,系动词之,后。,系动词有：,look,feel,taste,smell,sound,等。,常见形容词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead 等。,4,“,the,形容词,”,表示一类人或物。,The poor don”t have their own houses.,3,作宾语补足语,You must keep your eyes,closed,_when you do eye exercise.,放在,宾语之,后。,5常见形容词词尾：,-n .的人,-y 布满.的，多.的,-en.材质的,-al 有.属性的,-ern.方位的,-able 可能的，可以的,-ful.的,-less 无.的,Indian,American,rainy,snowy,wooden,personal,natural,eastern,southern,confortable,helpful,useful,careless,endless,anything else?,1有些形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语。,这类形容词主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等。,2有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：,friendly，lively，silly，lovely等。,留意：,3以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。,如：interesting(好玩的)，interested(感兴趣的),exciting(令人兴奋的)，excited兴奋的,4常见形容词的近义词归类。,largebig，gladhappy/pleased，cleverbright，dearexpensive，,brokenworn out，harddifficult，finewell，illsick，,nicekind/fine/good/beautiful，alonelonely,1.Mum has bought a lot of _ food from the supermarket nearby.(freeze),2.I won”t do business with such a(n)_ man.(honest),3.The man was still _ when he was sent to the hospital.(life),4.He went to Canada several years ago.Now he is a _ citizen.(Canada),5.Drinking too much fruit juice can be _ to childrens teeth.(harm),6.We have very _ weather here,especially in the winter.(change),7.We should save _ expenses.(necessary),8.Some parents choose _ presents for their children.(education),词性变换,frozen,dishonest,alive,Canadian,harmful,changeable,unnecessary,educational,副词是用来说明,时间、地点、程度、方式,等概念的词，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。,一、定义,副词,Horses,run,fast,.,He,never goes to school,early,.,(1),时间副词。,如：,now,often,usually,always,early,then,soon,before,ago,等。,(2),地点副词。,如：,here,there,out,above,below,outside,up,down,等。,(3),方式副词。,如：,hard,well,badly,fast,slowly,quietly,等。,(4),频度副词：,如：always,often,frequently,seldom,never，sometimes,二、分类,(5)程度副词。,如:very,much,still,almost,quite,so,too等。,(6)疑问副词。,如:how,when,why,where等(用于特殊疑问句句首)。,(7)关系副词。,如:when,where,why(放在引导的定语从句句首)。,(8)连接副词。,如:how,where,why,whether等(放在名词性从句句首，主要是宾语从句)。,副词修饰动词作状语，位于,动词后,;,修饰形容词作状语，位于,形容词前,；,修饰副词作状语位于,另一副词前,。,例如：He walked quietly into his bedroom.,You have a very nice watch.,You are driving too fast.,三、用法及位置,位置,(1)频度副词，如always，often，sometimes，usually等通常放在动词之前。但在句子里假设有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。假设有系动词be，也要放在系动词之后。,He usually has lunch in the factory.,The boy is often late for class.,(2)enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。,I have enough money to buy the book.,He”s tall enough to get the book down.,(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。假设这两种副词同时消失在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。,They went swimming in the river yesterday.,Yesterday they went swimming in the river.,(4)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，假设宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。,My father works hard.,Tom speaks Chinese very well.,Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.,(5)“及物动词副词”组成的动词词组知名词作宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则必需将该词放在副词前。,Can I try on the shoes，please?,Don”t cut it down!,(6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。,I”m very sad to hear that.,(7)某些副词为了强调上下句的连接，放在句前。,Suddenly he had a good idea.,(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。,The pictures on the wall are nice.,(2)有表示确定概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。,The man is very tall.,形容词、副词原级用法,(3)表示A与B在某一方面程度一样或不同时用形容词原级。,确定句中的构造：“A.as形容词原级asB”,English is as important as Chinese.,否认句中的构造：“A.notas/so形容词原级asB”,I am not so fast as Lucy.,表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB”构造。(两倍：twice；三倍以上：数字times),Our school is three times as big as his.,This table is twice as long as that one.,“half as形容词原级as”表示“是的一半”。,His apples are half as many as his sister”s.,1.规章变化,1)一般状况下，单音节或双音节的形容词或副词比较级er，,最高级est,如：clevercleverercleverest,fewfewerfewest,smallsmallersmallest等。,2)以e结尾的词，比较级r，最高级st 即可。如：,nicenicernicest cutecutercutest largelargerlargest,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级变化,3)以辅音字母y结尾的变y为ier或est。如:,easyeasiereasiest,happyhappierhappiest,再如：early,busy,heavy,dirty,lazy也如此。,4)多音节词和局部双音节词,在其前加more,most少数单音节词也是这样，如：pleasedmore pleasedthe most pleased,tiredmore tiredthe most tired,5)中读闭音节词双写后面的辅音比较级er，最高级est如：,big-bigger-biggest,thin-thinner-thinnest,2.不规章变化：,good better best well better best,badworse worst,many/much more most,far farther farthest(距离远),far further furthest(程度深),old elder eldest(长幼),old older oldest(年龄),用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。,1.Bob is_(young)than Fred but _(tall)than Fred.,2.Tony is not as _(tall)as Jack.,3.Almost all the students”faces are the same but Li Deming looks _(fat),than before.,4.He is _(clever)boy in the class.,5.Annie says Sally is the _(kind)person in the world.,6.A dictionary is much _(expensive)than a story-book.,7.He is _(bad)at math
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