增材制造技术发展

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,*,Additive Manufacturing,T,echnology and,I,ts,Effect,on,M,anufacturing of China,2014.05.29.,，,Beijing,中国航空工业集团公司,北京航空制造工程研究所,BAMTRI,AVIC.,巩水利,Prof.Dr.GONG Shuili,内 容 提 要,1,2,Development of International,5,3,4,Introduction,Technical methods and means,Domestic technology developments,Disparity and suggestions,目 录,Additive Manufacturing,(AM or 3D,Printing,),：,是人类通过对物质可控的动态累积以逼近目标形体的一种生产过程；是与材料去除成形、受迫成形等对应的科学技术体系；是以“堆积”为共同特征的技术群。,一、,Introduction,Reshaping the global manufacturing competition structure,上世纪美国,时代,周刊将,3D,打印列为“美国十大增长最快的工业”,英国,经济学人,杂志则认为它将“与其他数字化生产模式一起推动实现第三次工业革命”,Change theproduction,and lifemode in the future,社会化制造,那么每个人都可以成为一个工厂,它将改变制造商品的方式,并改变世界的经济格局,进而改变人类的生活方式,一、,The third industrial revolution?!,一、Strategic significance of AM for China,可成为我国制造业自主创新的有效手段；,符合绿色制造发展方向，有利于制造业的可持续发展；,可促进传统制造技术水平的提升，促进制造与服务融合发展；,有望培育新兴产业、优化产业结构、促进产业升级。,An effective way for independent innovation of manufacturing industry for China,Compliance with the green manufacturing development,and conducive to the sustainable development of manufacturing industry,;,Promote the upgrading of traditional manufacturing,technology,and the fusion development between,manufacturing and service;,Expected tocultivate new industries,optimize,theindustrial structure and promote industrial upgrading,Aerospace,高性能金属零件直接增材制造技术的发展，为航空航天产品从产品设计、模型和原型制造、零件生产和产品测试都带了新的思想和技术途径，有望大幅缩短航空航天产品的研发和生产周期,the development of direct manufacturing technology of performance parts,new ideas and technical approach are brought into product design,model and prototype manufacturing,parts manufacturing and product testing,which is expected to significantly shorten the research and development cycle of aerospace production.,增材制造大型复杂发动机机匣铸造熔模（直径,1.2,米原来需要机加工或模具压制多个局部结构，然后拼接成整体，精度难以控制，工序繁琐，周期长，增材制造方法精度高、整体成形、周期短。,激光近成形的叶片（,Optomec,公司），,传统铸锻，均需制造复杂模具，增材制造实现自由成形,SLS,Cast,一、,Development history,of,AM,technology,快速原型,/,快速成形,快速工具,/,模具,/,铸型,快速成形,直接制造,Verificationand presentation,of concept,概念验证和呈现,工业设计,产品设计,Design,verificationand test,设计验证和测试,反复设计和优化,成型、装配和功能性测试,Productionand manufacturing,Molding and secondary operations,制模与二次操作,热成型,砂型铸造,金属镀层,EDM,电极,Small batch production,mass production,批量生产,失蜡铸造,吹塑制模,塑料挤塑,环氧制模,一、,Major use,生产与制造,直接制造零件,二、,Technical methods and means,：,Major process,Technology,Material,Characteristics,Applications,光固化成形（,SLA,）,液态树脂,精度高；表面质量好,航空航天、生物医学等,激光选区烧结（,SLS,）,高分子、金属、陶瓷、砂等粉末材料,成形材料广泛、应用范围广等,制作复杂铸件用熔模或砂芯等,激光选区熔化（,SLM,）,金属或合金粉末,可直接制造高性能复杂金属零件,用于航空航天、珠宝首饰、模具等,熔融沉积制造（,FDM,）,低熔点丝状材料,零件强度高、系统成本低,汽车、工艺品等,激光近净成形（,LNSF,）,金属粉末,成型效率高、可直接成形金属零件,航空领域,电子束选区熔化（,EBSM,）,金属粉末,可成形难熔材料,航空航天、医疗、石油化工等,电子束熔丝沉积（,EBFFF,）,金属丝材,成形速度快、精度不高,航空航天高附加值产品制造,分层实体制造（,LOM,）,片材,成形速率高、性能不高,用于新产品外形验证,立体喷印（,3DP,）,光敏树脂、粘接剂,喷粘接剂时强度不高、喷头易堵塞,制造业、医学、建筑业等的原型验证,Industry chain of AM,USER,post-treatmen,t,and,services,Manufacturing,Equipment,Material,Additive manufacturing has a long industry chain,and improves thetechnology and economy.,母合金、中间合金、金属冶炼、粉末、金属丝材、材料检测、材料储运,激光器、电子枪、成形软件、机电控制、传感器、机床、装备集成、真空器件、气体循环器件、冷却系统,产品研制、工艺开发等、委托加工,机械加工、热处理、表面处理、无损检测、性能测试、生物陶瓷、净化,4.4,国际发展现状,European and American countries have increased their support,and made the national strategies and plans for additive manufacturing development;It has draw more attention of government,research institutions,enterprises and the media.,2012,年,3,月，美国白宫宣布振兴美国制造的新举措，将投资,10,亿美金帮助美国制造体系的改革，鼓励优先发展增材制造为代表的数字化制造技术；在全国范围筹建多个研究与企业联盟,英国政府自,2011,年开始持续增大对增材制造技术的研发经费，目前已在多个大学建立了增材制造研究中心,德国建立了直接制造研究中心，主要研究和推动增材制造技术在航空航天领域中结构轻量化方面的应用,西班牙也启动了增材制造专项，研究增材制造共性技术、材料、技术交流及商业模式等内容,日本一直重视增材制造技术，研制和应用水平走在了亚洲前列,三：Development and trends of International AM,Clear development ideas,大型运输机舱体壁板结构,航空发动机机匣,Basic research,Standard setting,Industry applications,Industrial Development,三：Development and trends of International AM,Clear development projects,Research plan of electron beam rapid prototyping made by American NASA,三：Development and trends of International AM,Direct manufacturing of performance parts.,Performance is close to the traditional process,;,Applied in some complicated conditions.,英国南安普顿大学设计并利用增材制造技术制造了世界上第一架,“,3D,打印,”,无人驾驶飞机，最高时速达,100,多公里,世界上第一辆,“,3D,打印,”,赛车,“,阿里翁,”,，已在德国的霍根海姆赛道完成测试，时速达,141,公里,4.4,国际发展现状,三：Development and trends of International AM,Europehave carried out extensive esearch,意大利,AVIO,公司,电子束选区熔化,生产线拥有,13,台设备；,英国罗,罗公司正在建立拥有,30,台设备的,电子束选区熔化,生产线。,大推力涡扇发动机钛铝合金,三四级涡轮叶片,“,Rapid manufacturing center of large aerospace parts,”，,has been established in 2007,Additive manufacturing of small and precise structure,keeps ahead of the world.,空客、罗,罗、,EADS,等公司的飞机及发动机上已有大量应用。,Solving the manufacturing problems for difficult-machining materials,。,例如，德国,EOS,