腐蚀与防护--课件

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Materials Corrosion and Protection,1,Materials Corrosion and Protec,Instructor:,Dr.Jing MA,Depart.of Metallic Materials Engineering,Office:A344 Material Building,E-mail:,Instructor:Dr.Jing MA,Bilingual Teaching,Demand of economic globalization.,China Ministry of Education“Bilingual Teaching Course Reform Plan”,2001,To improve students learning and acquiring of make them competent for international communication in their specialty fields.,Bilingual TeachingDemand of ec,Contents of the subject:,Chapter 1,Introduction,Chapter 2,Electrochemistry Fundamentals,Chapter 3,General and Local Corrosion,Chapter 4,Nature Corrosion,Chapter 5 Oxidation,Chapter 6,Corrosion Control,Contents of the subject:Chapte,(1),杨德钧，沈卓身,金属腐蚀学,.,冶金工业版,(2),http:/ and corrosion control,By R.Winston Revie,很有用的网址：,http:/ open course,何业东，齐慧滨,.,材料腐蚀与防护概论,.,机械工业版,(1)杨德钧，沈卓身,金属腐蚀学.冶金工业版Corros,腐蚀源于拉丁文“,corrdere”,，意即“损坏”、“腐烂”,Corrosion,can be defined as the,degradation,of a,material,due to a,reaction,with its environment.,材料与环境组分发生的物理的、化学和电化学作用而引起的变质和破坏，称之为,腐蚀,。,Materials,can be metals,polymers(plastics,rubbers,etc.),ceramics(concrete,brick,etc.)or composites mechanical mixtures of two or more materials with different properties.,Chapter 1,Questions:,?,What,is corrosion,？,腐蚀源于拉丁文“corrdere”，意即“损坏”、“腐烂”C,Questions:,?,Why,Metals,corrode,？,Metals corrode because we use them in environments where they are chemically,unstable,.,most metal,s,are,commonly,in the form of various,chemical compounds,(ores),.,Only copper and the precious metals(gold,silver,platinum,etc.)are found in nature in their metallic state.,smelting,refining processes,corrosion,Questions:?Why Metals cor,All other metals are unstable and have a tendency to revert to their more stable mineral forms.,Some metals form,protective ceramic films,(,passive films,)on their surfaces and these prevent,or slow down,their corrosion process.,Anodized titanium earrings,The thickness of the titanium oxide on the metal surface refracts the light and causes the rainbow colors on her earrings.,Stainless steel eyeglasses,This passive film of only about a dozen atoms thick can be protective.,All other metals are unstable,1,兵器,：长期贮存，使用环境恶劣,2,交通运输,：对铁轨、机车的腐蚀，,对飞机零部件的腐蚀；（超高强度铝合金,-,应力腐蚀）,船舶的海水腐蚀；,3,能源电力,：火电有锅炉和管道的腐蚀，,水电有水轮机组的腐蚀；,核电站蒸汽发生器的腐蚀；（高镍合金,-,晶间腐蚀）,煤矿安全；（井下湿度大、磨损腐蚀）,石油，油气开采和运输造成设备和管道的腐蚀。,4,机械电子产品,:,机床、电器,5,化工设备,：管道、锅炉、储存、阀门、冷凝；,6,建筑物,:,钢筋混凝土的盐害,7,民生,：自来水管的锈蚀；,8,环境污染,1 兵器：长期贮存，使用环境恶劣,Uncontrolled corrosion may lead to disastrous consequences,Uncontrolled corrosion may lea,Loss caused by corrosion,在化学工业、石油化工、造纸等工业中，金属腐蚀造成设备的跑、冒、滴、漏可造成大量有毒的物质泄漏，污染环境，危害人民的健康。因此，研究与解决材料的腐蚀问题，与防止环境污染、保护人民的健康息息相关,.,每年,由于腐蚀可使大约,10,20,的金属损失掉了。,2003,年世界的钢产量达到,9.625,亿吨，中国的钢产量高达,2.2,亿吨，美国的钢产量为,0.914,亿吨。按下限计算，世界每年腐蚀掉的钢大于美国的钢产量；中国一年就有,2200,万吨钢被腐蚀掉了，,相当于腐蚀掉一个大型钢铁企业的年产量。,Loss caused by corrosion在化学工业、,腐蚀事故举例,1966,年某天然气井的套管发生硫化物应力腐蚀开裂，造成井喷和特大爆炸，人员伤亡，日产百万立方米的高产气井报废。,1971,年某天然气管线发生腐蚀断裂，产生爆炸，直接经济损失达,7000,万元。,1997,年某化工厂年,18,个乙烯原料储罐由于硫化物腐储罐引起大火，停产半年，直接损失达,2,亿多元，间接损失巨大。,1985,年日本的一架波音,747,客机，由于应力腐蚀断裂，死亡,500,余人。,腐蚀事故举例1966年某天然气井的套管发生硫化物应力腐蚀开,塔里木油田某井油管,CO,2,腐蚀形貌图,塔里木油田某井油管CO2腐蚀形貌图,含硫输气管线沿着焊缝开裂失效,含硫输气管线沿着焊缝开裂失效,按材料腐蚀形态,均匀腐蚀,不均匀腐蚀,点蚀,（孔蚀）,缝隙腐蚀,及丝状腐蚀,电偶腐蚀（接触腐蚀）,晶间腐蚀,选择性腐蚀,局部腐蚀,全面腐蚀,Classification of corrosion,按材料腐蚀形态均匀腐蚀点蚀（孔蚀）局部腐蚀全面腐蚀Class,Character of corrosion breakage:,Uniform Corrosion,(general Corrosion),The surface effect produced by most direct chemical attacks(e.g.,as by an acid)is a uniform etching of the metal.,Character of corrosion breakag,Galvanic Corrosion,电偶腐蚀,Galvanic corrosion is an electrochemical action of two dissimilar metals in the presence of an electrolyte