跨文化商务沟通Wk5Cross-culturalCommunication

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Cross-cultural Communication,4,th,5,th,Week,Contents,Culture Review,-Nature of Culture,-Layers of Culture,-Variables of Culture,Culture Dimensions,-Kluckhohn&Strodtbeck,-,Trompenaars&Hampden-Turners,-,Hofstede,-,Hall,-Triandis,-Schwartz,Definition,National Culture,-,Nations,distinguishable from each other by language,religion,ethnic or racial identity and,above all,by a shared cultural history.,-All those distinguishing characteristics blend into a,national culture.,-National culture,influences family life,education,organizational culture and economicand political structures.,-Sense of belonging,Definition,Aspects of culture,-,Values and Beliefs,-Communication(verbal&Nonverbal),-Norms of behavior,-Customs,-Art,music,dance,sport,etc,Nature,Be shared,Be learned,Be adaptive,Be Universal,Be diversified,Layers,Culture as an Iceberg,-Visibility&Invisibility,Culture Onion,-Core Culture&Layers,Functional-level Culture,Variables,kinship,Education,Economy,Politics,Religion,Association,Health,Recreation,Dimension(1),Hofstede(1990s),-Power Distance,-Uncertainty Avoidance,-Individualism,-Masculinity,-Long/Short Term Orientation,Extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country accept that power is distributed unequally e.g.USA/UK/Can,High/Low Power distance,Low-interdependence,support&sharing,High-obedience and following e.g.China/Indonesia/Malaysia,Cultural Dimension-,Power Distance,Power Distance vs Individualism,Netherlands 38,Switzerland 34,United kingdom 35,Finland 33,Sweden 31,New Zeeland 22,Denmark 18,Israel 13,Austria 11,Malaysia 104,Panama 95,Venezuela 81,China 80,Arab Countries 80,India-West Africa 77,Yugoslavia 76,Arab world 38,Chile 23,China 20,Taiwan 17,Indonesia 14,Colombia 13,Venezuela 12,Equator 8,How members of society cope with,uncertainties of everyday life;high,levels of anxiety=high uncertainty,avoidance.,Tend to be more expressive and,emotional,Cultural Dimension-,Uncertainty Avoidance,Extent to which a society is inclined,towards aggressive and materialistic,behavior,Femininity,denotes sensitivity,caring and an emphasis on quality of,life,Cultural Dimension-,Masculinity,Masculinity&Uncertainty Avoidance,Long-term orientation,-extent to,which traditions and long-term,commitments are perceived as,impediment to change.,Short-term orientation-,stress,satisfying needs here-and-now,Cultural Dimension-,Long-term&Short-term,Long-term Orientation,China vs.United States,China-United Kingdom,Dimension(2)-a,Trompenaars(1994)and Charles,Hampden-Turner(1997),-Universalism vs Particularism,(Peoples attitude towards RULES),-Neutral vs Emotional,(Emotional expressions),-Communitarianism vs Individualism,(Right of group/Right of individuals),-Inner-directed vs Outer-directed,(Thinking&Personal Judgment),Dimension(2)-b,Trompenaars(1994)and Charles Hampden-Turner(1997)(continued),-Attitude towards TIME,(Sequence vs Synchronization),-Peoples status(social),(Achieved vs Ascribed),-Relationship between individual and public,(Specific vs Diffuse),Dimension(3),Hall(1990)-,Communication/Language,-,High Context vs Low Context,-Monochronic Culture vs Polychromic Culture,-Communitarianism vs Individualism,-Inner-directed vs Outer-directed,Cultural Context:Effects on Communication,High Context Languages,High context:long lasting,implicit communication;slow to change,Feeling and thoughts are not explicitly expressed;instead,one has to read between the lines and interpret the meaning from ones general understanding.,Countries:Asia,the Middle east,Africa and the Mediterranean,Low Context Languages,Low context:shorter duration;explicit communication;communication clear and direct rely more on written agreements.,Feeling and thoughts are more expressed through words and information is more ready available.,Countries:Germany,Switzerland,Scandinavia and North America,Communication has to be more explicit.,Time Orientation,Value to Time,Monochronic vs Polychronic,Monochronic-ONE thing focused Onetime,Using time in linear way,Polychronic-Manage many things together,-Change plans easily and always,Dimension(4),Triandis(1995),Two extremes of one value,Core of a culture,Particularly imp