通过呼吸道感染的微生物课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,通过呼吸道感染的微生物,11、战争满足了，或曾经满足过人的好斗的本能，但它同时还满足了人对掠夺，破坏以及残酷的纪律和专制力的欲望。查埃利奥特,12、不应把纪律仅仅看成教育的手段。纪律是教育过程的结果，首先是学生集体表现在一切生活领域生产、日常生活、学校、文化等领域中努力的结果。马卡连柯(名言网),13、遵守纪律的风气的培养，只有领导者本身在这方面以身作则才能收到成效。马卡连柯,14、劳动者的组织性、纪律性、坚毅精神以及同全世界劳动者的团结一致，是取得最后胜利的保证。列宁 摘自名言网,15、机会是不守纪律的。雨果,通过呼吸道感染的微生物通过呼吸道感染的微生物11、战争满足了，或曾经满足过人的好斗的本能，但它同时还满足了人对掠夺，破坏以及残酷的纪律和专制力的欲望。查埃利奥特,12、不应把纪律仅仅看成教育的手段。纪律是教育过程的结果，首先是学生集体表现在一切生活领域生产、日常生活、学校、文化等领域中努力的结果。马卡连柯(名言网),13、遵守纪律的风气的培养，只有领导者本身在这方面以身作则才能收到成效。马卡连柯,14、劳动者的组织性、纪律性、坚毅精神以及同全世界劳动者的团结一致，是取得最后胜利的保证。列宁 摘自名言网,15、机会是不守纪律的。雨果The microbes infected via respiratory tract Main pathogenic microbes(Bacteria)Mycobacterium tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌,Streptococcus pneumoniae肺炎链球菌,Corynebacterium diphtheriae白喉棒状杆菌,B.pertusis百日咳鲍特菌,1、Mycobacterium tuberculosis,acid-fast rods,capsulate,obligate aerobe,doubling time about 1824h,Lowenstein-Jensen medium,variation,resistance,drying,acids and alkalies,dyes(malachite green),sensitive,moist heat,70%ethyl alcohol,ultraviolet light,1)Biologic properties:,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,2)Pathogenicity,capsule,lipids,cord factor,(索状因子),damage mitochondria membrane,phosphatides,(磷脂),tubercules,sulfatides,(硫酸脑苷脂),inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion,waxes,(蜡质D)adjuvant,proteins,tuberculin,Infectious reservoirs,patients,carriers,transmitted ways:,respiratory tract、,alimentary tract、skin,pulmonary,tuberculosis,primary infection,secondary infection,extra-lung infection,3)Diseases caused,M.Tuberculosis in lung,4)Immunity,infectious immunity,T cell-mediated immunity,immunity and hypersensitivity,Koch phenomenon,5)Tuberculin Test,principium,reagent,old tuberculin,OT,purified protein derivative,PPD,method,significance,prevention,vaccination:BCG,treatment,rifampin(,利福平,),isoniazid(,异烟肼,),ethambutol(,乙胺丁醇,),streptomycin(,链霉素,),6)prevention&treatment,2、treptococcus pneumoniae,Gram-positive,lancet-shaped,In pairs,capsulate,autolysis,1)Biologic properties:,Capsule,anti-,phagocytic,serotyping,2)Pathogenicity,Autolysis-identification,Bile,peptidoglycan,cell,membrane,teichoic acid,-choline,autolysin,lobar pneumonia,(,大叶性肺炎,),particularly young and old,after damage to upper respiratory tract,e.g.following viral infection,Meningitis(children),(,脑膜炎）,otitis,media,(,中耳炎）,3)Diseases caused,3、Corynebacterium diphtheriae,rod shape,Gram positive,metachromatic granule,aerobe,growth in Loefflers medium,tellurite agar,1)Biologic properties:,Corynebacterium diphtheriae,Corynebacterium diphtheriae,metachromatic granule,Diptheria toxin,B binds to host cell,A inhibits protein synthesis,inactive,elongation factor 2,coded by,b,-bacteriophage tox gene,2)Pathogenicity,Diphtheria,infection,upper respiratory tract(pharynx),pseudomembrane,chocking,bacteria do not spread systemically,菌,鼻咽部繁殖,局部炎症：假膜,早期致死,外毒素,心肌炎,软腭麻痹,声嘶,肾上腺功能障碍,晚期致死,入血,3)Diseases caused,This child has diphtheria resulting in a thick gray,coating over back of throat.This coating can,eventually expand down through airway and,if not,treated,the child could die from suffocation,CDC,4、Influenza virus,type A,antigenic highly variable,worldwide epidemics(eg.1918),type B,antigenic change,somestimes epidemics,type C,antigenic stable,mild illness,Structure,core,(-)ss RNA,separated segments,seven（type C)or eight(type A,B),helical nucleoprotein(NP),envelope:2 layers,M1 protein:coded by virus,lipid bilayer membrame:from host,hemagglutinin(HA),neuraminidase(NA),1)Biologic properties:,hemagglutinin(HA),absorption,penetration,hemagglutination,antibody to the HA protein(HIAb),neutralize the virus,prevent infection,neuraminidase(NA),release,spread,antibody to the NA protein,slow the spread of the virus,&no protection,antigenic drift,minor changes in HA or NA,variance ratio1%,point mutation,Limited spread,antigenic shift,major changes in HA,variance ratio:20%50%,new subtype,Worldwide spread,variation,2)Pathogenesis,person to person,via small particle aerosols,via contact,infects the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract,uncomplicated influenza,pneumonia,major causes of influenza-associated death,bacterial pneumonia,cardiac failure,prevention,vaccine:multivalent,two strains of influenza A and one of influenza B,treatment,amantadine,Chinese traditional medicine,IFN-,alfa,3)prevention&treatment,5、Mycoplasmal pneumoniae,primary atypical pneumonia,via aerosolized droplets,in confined populations,families,schools,army barracks,in persons 5-20 years of age,Laboratory Diagnosis,Culture,Sputum or throat washings,ELISA,PCR,Treatment,tetracyclines,6、Chlamdia pneumoniae,pathogenesis,via respiratory droplets,causes bronchitis,sinusitis and pneumonia,potential link to atherosclerosis coronary artery,laboratory diagnosis,culture：difficult,serological test：most common,a four-fold rise in titer in paired sample,The other microbes,66,、节制使快乐增加并使享受加强。,德谟克利特,67,、今天应做的事没有做，明天再早也是耽误了。,裴斯泰洛齐,68,、决定一个人的一生，以及整个命运的，只是一瞬之间。,歌德,69,、懒人无法享受休息之乐。,拉布克,70,、浪费时间是一桩大罪过。,卢梭,