lecture 3 翻译技巧一 词义选择

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英汉对比翻译练习,.,请将下列句子译成汉语：,1/As the weather was fine,we decided to climb the mountain.,2/As water can float a ship,so can it swallow the ship.,3/Put into an old Chinese proverb,it means that one will never find it difficult to do anything until one has experienced it.,4/A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them.,5/As soon as the cinema is in darkness,spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart,often to the accompaniment of music to reveal the title of the film.,6/While the prospects are bright,the road has twists and turns.,7/The church was surrounded by yew trees which seemed almost coeval with itself.,8/The sea thundered on,over and past,and as it roared by it revealed a hideous sight.,9/The research work is being done by a small group of dedicated and imaginative scientists who specialize in extracting from various sea animals substances that may improve the health of the human race.,英汉对比翻译练习,参考译文,1/,天气很好，我们决定去爬山。,2/,水能载舟，亦能覆舟。,3/,用中国的一句老话来说：事非经过不知难。,4/,在美国有一种根深蒂固的观点，说是只有那些抚养得起子女的人才应鼓励其生育。,5/,在电影院变成一片漆黑的一刹那见，聚光灯照在徐徐打开的帷幕上，常常在音乐的伴奏下，显露出影片的片名。,6/,前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。,7/,教堂四周，有紫杉环合，两者几乎一样古老。,8/,狂澜霹雳，隆隆滚远。汹涌波涛，呼啸喧闹了一阵后，一片惨状，顿现眼前。,9/,一群人数不多，专心致志，富有想象力的科学家，正在研究这项工作，专门研究从各种海洋动物中提取增进人类健康的物质。,英汉翻译的技巧,翻译方法概述,总体来讲，我们拿到原文，在充分理解意义之后，进行翻译之前，应该考虑两方面的内容：,1,、对原文的处理,策略,，包括：直译,(literal translation),、意译,(idiomatic translation),、音译,(transliteration),、混译,(mixed method),、加注法,(adding notes),、创造法,(creation),2,、对具体词汇及句子的,翻译技巧,，包括：词义的选择,(choosing of meanings),、词性的转换,(transformation of speeches),、,增译与省译,(amplification and omission),、分译与合译,(division and connection),、正译与反译,(logic consideration),、顺译与逆译,(ordering and reordering),，还有变态法,(change of voices),、重组法,(reforming),和综合法,(synthetic method),等。,英汉翻译的十种技巧,翻译技巧,一,词义选择法,The choosing of word meanings,翻译技巧,二,词类转换法,conversion,翻译技巧,三 增译法,Amplification,翻译技巧四,省译法,omission,翻译技巧五,正说反译、反说正译法,(Affirmation and Negation),翻译技巧六,重译法,Repetition,翻译技巧七,语态变换法,The change of the voices,翻译技巧八,顺序和逆序法,Sequencing and Inversion,翻译技巧九,合译和分译法,Combination and Division,翻译技巧十 常见句型翻译法,翻译技巧,（一）,词义的选择,The choosing of word meanings,The main points in this part:,一、词义的选择,二、词义的引申,三、词义的褒贬,一、词义的选择,英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义。一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。在英汉翻译过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后就要善于选择和确定原句中关键词的词义。,选择和确定词义,通常从以下几个方面着手：,1.,根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义,选择某个词的词义，首先要判明这个词在原句中应属哪一种词类，然后再进一步确定其词义。例如：,Like charges repel.,Unlike charges attract.,同极相斥。异极相吸。,但在下面例句中，,like,又分属其他几个不同词类：,1)He likes mathematics more than physics.,他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。（动词）,2)In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.,在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发光。（前置词）,3)Like knows like.,英雄识英雄。（名词）,1,2,3,4,5,2.,根据上下文联系以及词在句子中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义,英语中同一个词，同一词类，在不同场合往往也有不同的含义，必须根据上下文的联系以及词的搭配关系或句型来判断和确定某个词在特定场合下所应具有的词义。例如“,Last”,这一形容词：,1)He is the last man to come.,他是最后来的。,(,Being,coming,or placed after all others;final),2)He is the last man to do it.,他绝对不会干那件事。,(,Least likely or expected),3)He is the last person for such a job.,他最不配干这个工作。,(,The least desirable or suitable),1,2,3,4,5,再如“,take,（,off,）这一动词：,1)To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her,but it had been an agony for years.,脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已经是多年以来的痛苦了。,2,）,The flyers practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space.,飞行 人员反复地在一块有限空地上练习起飞。,1,2,3,4,5,3,）,took the brake off,，,took 20 percent off.,松开刹车 优惠百分之二十,二、词义的引申,词义的引申是指在一个词所具有的原始意义的基础上，根据上下文和逻辑关系进一步加以引申，选择适当确切的目标语词语来表达，避免生搬硬套地逐句死译，使译文更加通顺流畅。,由于英语词义对上下文的依赖性强，可变性大，因此词义引申对英译汉尤为重要。当然，词义的引申不得超出原始意义所允许的范围。,词义引申的手段,词义的转化,词义的具体化,词义的抽象化,词义的转化,翻译时，如果完全生搬硬套字典所给的字面意思，“对号入座”，会使译文生硬晦涩，含糊不清，甚至令人不知所云。因此，应根据上下文和原词的字面意思，作适当的转化。,Case 1,The factors which are likely to influence investment spending,do not stop here,.,译：可能影响投资开支的因素,并不止这些,。,析：,do not stop here,由“不停留在这里”转译为“并不止这些”。,Case 2,Whether you like it or not,globalization,is here to stay,.We are not going to reverse the trend.,译：不管你对它的态度如何，经济全球化,已成为我们生活的一部分,，这个趋势不可逆转。,析：若把它死译为“呆在这里”，不通顺。但引申为“已成为我们生活的一部分”，把原文的信息充分地传达出来，且易于读者理解。,Case 3,Our products,if maintained properly and regularly,can at least,see twenty years service,.,译：我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以,使用,20,年,。,析：,see twenty years service,由“看见,20,年的服务”转译为“使用,20,年”。,Case 4,Thats a,tall,story about the towns,high,street.,原译：这就是有关镇上高处街道的大故事。,改译,:,有关这城主街的说法实在令人难以置信。,high street:the main street of a town or a city;tall:a.hard to believe,exaggerated,词义的具体化,词义的具体化是指把原义抽象笼统的词语，根据目标语的表达习惯，引申为意义明确具体的词语。英语中常用代表抽象意义的词表示一种具体事物，译成汉语时一般须作具体化的引申，否则意义会不明朗。,Case 1,There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem,more than transient,everydayness,.,译：他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的,柴米油盐问题,。,析：,everydayness,由“日常性”具体引申为日常生活所必需的“柴米油盐”。,Case 2,The factory is famous for its,arsenal,of technical geniuses.,译：这家工厂以拥有,众多,技术精英而著称。,析：,arsenal,由“军火库”具体引申为“众多”。,词义的抽象化,词义的抽象化是指是将表示具体形象的词作概括性的引申，译成意义抽象的词。例如，将